ʻO ka robin a i ʻole robin he manu liʻiliʻi ia na ka ʻohana Mukholovy. I nā makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua makemake nui ʻia kēia mau lunamaka o nā holoholona ma ʻEulopa. Ua mahalo ʻia nā manu i kā lākou mele ʻana.
Ka wehewehe o ka robin
I ka wā kahiko, manaʻo ka poʻe mālama i nā kuʻuna he manu robin i noho kokoke i ka hale e lawe i ka hauʻoli. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ia e pale i ka home mai nā ahi, nā uila a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pūnana o ka robin, ke hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia e like me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kānāwai.
ʻO ka pinepine, ua hālāwai kēia mau manu e nā kamaʻāina a me nā poʻe ʻeli, ʻoiai e ʻeli nei i ka honua. ʻO nā manu, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka nohona kanaka, kali mālie i ka ʻeli ʻia o ka honua. I ka haʻalele ʻana o kekahi kanaka, ua wikiwiki ʻo ka robin e ʻahaʻaina i nā ilo hou i ʻeli hou ʻia.
Helehelena
ʻO ka robin he manu liʻiliʻi ia o ka papa passerine, i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e ke kauoha o nā thrushes... I kēia manawa, no ka ʻohana lele lele ka robin. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o ka laha e like me ke kala. He umauma ʻalani ko lākou me nā hulu oho hina ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka umauma a me ka waha. Ma ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo ka plumage me nā loʻi ʻeleʻele. Uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana nui o ke kua me ka hulu oho ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka nui o nā manu mai ka 12.5 a i ka 14.0 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae a me nā wāwae. ʻEleʻele ka nuku a me nā maka o ka robin. Nui loa nā maka, kahi e ʻae ai i ka manu e hoʻokele pono i nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele. Uhi ʻia ka plumage o nā mea oʻo ʻole me nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo. Ma ka manawa wale nō, ʻike ʻia nā aka ʻalani a me nā ʻulaʻula i ko lākou mau kino.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Robins ma ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, mai ka Hikina a i ke Komohana Siberia a me ka hema a hiki i ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Kuhi ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau latitude ma ke ʻano he noho, ma ka ʻokoʻa i nā poʻe o ka North North, e neʻe nei i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi anuanu mahana.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ma ke ʻano he mau mele, hīmeni kēia mau manu i ka wā puna, i ka wā hānau, ʻo ia ke kumu e huikau pinepine ai lākou me nā nightingales. Akā, i waena o nā nightingales, hīmeni wale nā kāne, ʻoiai i nā ʻahamele robin, komo pū kekahi o nā kāne ʻelua. ʻO ke mele ʻana i ka pō o nā robins o ke kūlanakauhale i nā wahi i piha i ka walaʻau i ke ao. No laila, kohu mea lā i ka pō e hīmeni nui aku lākou. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hopena e ka mālie o ke ʻano hiamoe i ka pō, ma muli o ka hopena e hiki ai i kā lākou mau leka ke hoʻolaha ma waena o ke kaiapuni me ka maopopo.
ʻAe, he mau leka kēia. Ma ke mele ʻana i nā kī like ʻole, haʻi aku nā wahine i nā kāne i ko lākou mākaukau no ka hānau ʻana, a hoʻolaha nā kāne i nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻokoʻa i ke kauwela, loaʻa nā mele i nā memo maʻalahi. Neʻe aku nā wahine i kahi mamao iki mai kā lākou wahi noho i ke kauwela i kahi kaiāulu e kūpono i ka hānai hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole haʻalele nā kāne i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia.
Hoihoi ia!I ke kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. No laila, haʻalele ka hapa nui o nā kāne me ka ʻole o ka lua. ʻO nā manu kūlohelohe me ka ʻole o ka hoihoi, ʻaʻole like me ko lākou ʻohana i mare ʻia, kiaʻi i ka ʻāina. ʻO kekahi, ʻaʻohe o lākou wahi noho ponoʻī, ʻākoakoa i nā hui no ka pō a i ʻole noho pō me kekahi kāne kāne ʻē aʻe i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻEleu lākou i ka pō i ka wā o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, i pili i ka malamalama o ka mahina a i ʻole ka kukui hana. ʻIke maopopo ʻia ʻaʻole makaʻu ka poʻe Pelekania a me ʻIlelani i nā poʻe a makemake e hoʻokokoke, keu hoʻi i ka ʻeli ʻana. I kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole pili i nā manu.
I nā ʻāina o ʻAinapuniole ʻEulopa, i ka ʻokoʻa, ua ʻimi ʻia lākou, e like me ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻano iā lākou he hilinaʻi ʻole loa.
ʻIke ʻia nā kāne Robin i ka hana kūloko kūloko. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana. Kūʻē lākou i nā kāne ʻē aʻe, e pale ana i nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hōʻeha i nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonāukiuki. ʻO nā make mai ka hoʻokūkū kūloko ma kahi o 10% o nā hihia i waena o kēia mau manu.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka robin
Ma muli o ka nui o ka make ma ka makahiki mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o ka robin he 1.1 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā poʻe i hala i kēia wā ke hilinaʻi i kahi ola lōʻihi. ʻO ke ake lōʻihi o ka robin i ka nāhelehele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 12.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO Robins e noho nei i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu a home paha e hiki ke ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kūlana nui ka mālama kūpono.
ʻO nā kūlana kūpono ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i ka make make kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka maʻalahi, make kekahi mau manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ke anuanu a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke ʻia ka robin ma Eurasia hikina a i Siberia Komohana, hema a Algeria. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā mokupuni o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, a hiki i ke komohana o ka Azores a me Madeira. ʻAʻole mākou i launa me lākou koe wale nō ma Iceland. Ma ka hikina hema, hiki kā lākou hāʻawi i ka pali ʻo Caucasian. ʻO ka robin Pelekane, no ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka, noho mau i ka hoʻoilo i kona wahi noho.
Akā ʻo kekahi hapa liʻiliʻi, wahine maʻamau, neʻe i ka hema o ʻEulopa a me Sepania i ka hoʻoilo. Hele nā robana Scandinavian a me Lūkia i UK a me ʻEulopa Komohana, e ʻauheʻe ana i nā hoʻoilo ʻoi o ko lākou mau ʻōiwi ʻāina. Makemake ʻo Robin i nā ululāʻau spruce no nā wahi pūnana ma ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa, i ka ʻokoʻa i nā pāka a me nā māla ma nā mokupuni ʻo Beritania.
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻolauna i kēia mau manu iā Australia a me New Zealand i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 i kūleʻa ʻole. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i Melbourne, Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Dunedin. Minamina, ʻaʻohe aʻa ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻāina. Aia kekahi huakaʻi like ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, i ka wā i kū ai nā manu ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Long Island, New York i ka makahiki 1852, Oregon ma 1889-92, a me ka Saanich Peninsula ma British Columbia ma 1908-10.
ʻAiʻai Robin
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meaʻai ma nā invertebrates like ʻole, nā ʻeneka... Aloha e ʻahaʻaina i nā robins a me nā ʻeneworm me nā hua a me nā hua.
ʻOiai aia kēia mau huahana ma ka papa kuhikuhi wale nō i ke kau kau wela-kau. Lawe pinepine ʻia nā holoholona Invertebrate mai ka honua e nā manu. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ke kī, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o lākou. He poepoe wale nō ʻo Robins, he mau pōpō bele. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili pono ko lākou hulu i ke kino, e hana ana i kahi ʻano fluffiness a me ka nui o ka uhi.
Hoihoi ia!I ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ke anuanu, hele ka robins i kahi kumu meaʻai o ka meaʻai. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻanoʻano āpau, lele i nā mea hānai manu i mea e ʻai ai i nā ʻanoʻai a me nā ʻāpana berena. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi o nā kino wai kū ʻole.
I ka wai pāpaʻu, hiki i nā manu ke ʻahaʻaina i nā mea ola, no laila ke hele nei lākou i ka wai me ka makaʻu ʻole. ʻO ka makaʻu makaʻu ʻole o robin i ke kāne e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻohana i kāna hana i kēlā me kēia manawa. Pēlā nō hoʻi e like me ka poʻe ʻeli, hele pū kēia manu me nā bea a me nā puaʻa hihiu i ka nahele, kahi e ʻeli ai i ka lepo. Hoʻonohonoho like ʻia kēlā mau huakaʻi me nā moa i hiki ke hōʻike mua iā lākou pehea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hānai nā manu ʻo Robin i nā keiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki. Hana ʻia kēia i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ka manawa mua - i ka hopena o Mei, ka lua - i Iulai. He ʻano maikaʻi makua lākou. A inā ua nalowale kekahi o nā puaʻa no kekahi kumu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i ka hana kope ʻana i ʻAukake.
Hoihoi loa ka hoaloha o nā mākua ma hope. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe, i nā robins, ʻo ka wahine ka mea i holomua.... Lele ʻo ia i ka ʻāina o ke kāne a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni iā ia, e hohola ākea ana i kona mau ʻeheu. Hana kolohe ke kāne, kiaʻi i nā palena o ka ʻāina. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopuka i ke ʻano, nā leo makaʻu, hoʻoluliluli makaʻu, a ma hope o ka wahine, me he mea lā i ka makaʻu a me ka hana, e hoʻoluliluli ana i kāna huelo i kahi lāʻau kokoke a ulu lāʻau paha. ʻO ia ʻano pilina ma kahi o 3-4 mau lā.
I kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻāʻo ka wahine mare maʻalea e hōʻike i kona kōkua ʻole ma ke kūlou ʻana i kona poʻo i mua o ka mea i wae ʻia. Ma hope o kēlā, hua pinepine ka nonoi ʻana a me ka pēpē.
No ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, hoʻomaka ka wahine e kūkulu i kahi pūnana. Kūkulu ʻia ia mai nā lālā, nā aʻa, ka mauʻu a me ka pepa, me kahi lalo i hana paʻa ʻia mai kahi papa o ka palolo. A hoʻonoho ʻia ia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kumu lāʻau, nāhelehele, ka lepo a i ʻole nā hale kūkulu hale, i kahi i pale pono ʻia. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ʻehā a ʻeono mau hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo bluish-ʻōmaʻomaʻo no 12-14 mau lā. Loaʻa i ke kāne i kēia manawa ka meaʻai no nā keiki, i ka makahiki 14-16 mau makahiki i hiki ke lele.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Huli ʻia nā Robins e nā pueo a me nā falcon liʻiliʻi. ʻO Ermines, weasels, martens, a me nā ferrets hoʻi e luku pinepine i ko lākou mau pūnana ma lalo o ka honua e pāʻina ai i nā moa a me nā hua manu. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou iho ponoʻī, hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ʻia lākou e nā kānaka. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule ʻelua e paipai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, kākoʻo ʻia e ka hānai ʻana, hiki i ka manu ke noho ma ka poʻohiwi a i ʻole ka lima o kāna hoa kū aʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka heluna nui o ka robin mai ka 137 a i ka 333 miliona mau kānaka. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% e noho nei i nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa.
