Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inoa generic "hawks" i haku ʻia o nā aʻa Proto-Slavic ʻelua - "str" (wikiwiki) a me "rebъ" (variegated / pockmarked). No laila ua hōʻike ka inoa o ka manu i ke kumu motley o ka plumage o ka umauma a me ka hiki ke kiʻi koke i ka pio.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hawk
ʻO nā hawks ʻoiaʻiʻo (Accipiter) kahi ʻano o nā manu kai o ka ʻohana o nā hawks (Accipitridae). ʻAʻole nui lākou no nā mea ʻānai i ke ao - ʻo ka ʻelele nui loa o ka genus, ka goshawk, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 0.7 m ka lōʻihi me ka nui o 1.5 kg ka nui. ʻO kekahi ʻano laha, ʻo ka sparrowhawk, ulu a 0.3-0.4 wale nō m a kaupaona ʻia 0.4 kg.
Helehelena
ʻO ka helehelena, e like me ka anatomy o kahi hawk, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻāina a me ka nohona.... He hihiʻo maikaʻi loa kā ka predator, 8 mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka acuity i ke kanaka. Loaʻa i ka lolo o ka hawk kahi kiʻi binocular (volumetric) ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o nā maka - ʻaʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, akā kokoke iki i ka nuku.
ʻO nā maka o nā manu makua ke kala melemele / melemele-ʻalani, i kekahi manawa me ka malu o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula (tyvik). I kekahi mau laha, hoʻomālamalama iki ka iris me ka makahiki. ʻO ka hawk ka mea kaua me ka nuku kiki ikaika me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano - ka ʻole o kahi niho ma luna o ka nuku.
Hoihoi ia! Lohe pono ka hawk, akā hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā pilau me kona mau puka ihu e like me ... me kona waha. Inā hāʻawi ʻia ka manu i ka ʻiʻo kolo, e hopu paha ia iā ia me kona nuku, akā e kiola nō ia iā ia.
ʻO ka hulu nā hulu maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe hulu ma nā manamana lima a me nā tarsus. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā wāwae e nā mākala ikaika. Pōkole a ʻimi nā ʻeheu; ʻoki pōʻai a ʻokiʻoki ʻia paha ka huelo (ākea a lōʻihi). ʻO kaʻeleʻele o ka top i ka hapanui o nā laha ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka lalo: he mau hina a ʻeleʻele kēia. ʻO ka mālamalama mālamalama o ka ʻaoʻao i lalo (keʻokeʻo, melemele a i ʻole ka buffy light) i hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻia me nā ʻaoʻao transverse / longitudinal.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Noho ka hawk i loko o ka ululāʻau ulu a kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma luna o ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa e nānā i kāna wahi e ʻimi holoholona ai me kahi ʻona ma kahi o 100-150 km uka. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākaukau kēia mea ʻume holoholona i nā kalaunu kūpilikiʻi, huli huli pākū / ākea, kū koke a hemo loa, a me nā hoʻouka kaua i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ka poʻe i luku ʻia. Kōkua ʻia kēia manu e ka nui o ke kino a me ke ʻano o nā ʻeheu.
ʻO kahi hawk, ʻokoʻa ka ʻaeto, ʻaʻole e lele i ka lewa, e nānā ana i nā mea ola no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā hoʻouka kaua ʻole ʻia i kekahi mea (holo, kū a lele paha) kahi mea, e kiaʻi ana mai kahi hoʻohālua. ʻO ka hopu ʻana, kaomi pono ka mea ʻaka iā ia me kona mau wāwae a ʻeli pū me kona mau māiʻuʻu, e hou ana a ʻū i ka manawa like. ʻAi ke kolu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a me ka lauoho / hulu a me nā iwi.
Inā ʻoe e lohe i kahi kiʻo ki-ki-ki a i ʻole "ki-i-i, i-i" i huki ʻia mai ka nahele mai, a laila ua lohe ʻoe i ka ʻāpana o ka hawk. ʻO nā kani melodic hou aku, e like me ke kani o ka ʻohe, e mele ʻia ana e nā ʻio. Hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki (maʻa mau ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana), nā hawks, e like me nā manu kalaiwa, molt. I kekahi manawa lohi ka molt no kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā hawks
Hilinaʻi nā kiaʻi manu ma ka nahelehele, hiki i nā hawk ke ola i nā makahiki he 12-17... I nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema, makemake nā hummingbirds e noho ma lalo o nā pūnana o nā lawaiʻa, e heʻe ana mai ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe, nā squirrels a me nā jay Maʻalahi ke wehewehe ʻana i kēlā ʻano wiwo ʻole - e ʻimi nā lawaiʻa i nā squirrels, akā nānā ʻole loa i nā hummingbirds.
Hoʻokaʻina, ʻano
ʻO ka genus o nā lawaiʻa he 47 mau ʻano, ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo Accepiter gentills, ka goshawk. Lele aku nā manu o ka Hemisphere Hikina i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAsia, Komohana - i Mexico. Kūpono ka goshawk i kahi nohona noho, akā pale i ka noho ʻana i nā ululāʻau nui. I ka lele ʻana, hōʻike ka manu i kahi ala hele wavy.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Accipiter nisus (sparrowhawk) e nā ʻohana ʻeono, e noho ana mai ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau hikina a i ka Moana Pākīpika. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu ma ʻEulopa ma Rūkia a me Scandinavia. ʻO nā pūnana i kau ʻia me nā lau a me nā limu palupalu, kūkulu ʻia ma luna o nā conifers, ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma nā spruces. Kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mea hahai holoholona maikaʻi loa ka Sparrowhawk e pono ai i kahi ʻano like ʻole me ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! I ka Caucasus / Crimea, makemake nui ʻia ka ʻio manu ʻolo me nā lawaie holoholona, i hopu ʻia ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no kekahi mau lā. Ke pau ke kau hopu holoholona, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā sparrowhaws.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka Sparrowhawk e kona plumage ʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi me nā laina keʻokeʻo ākea ma ka ʻōpū.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua aʻa ke aʻa Accipiter (hawks maoli) i nā kihi āpau o ka hona, ke kāpae ʻia ka Arctic. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma kahi o Eurasia, mai ka ululāʻau i ka ʻākau a i nā kiko hema o ka ʻāina nui. Ua hoʻomaʻa ʻo Hawks i ke aniau o ʻApelika a me Australia, ʻAkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo Pilipine, Indonesia a me Tasmania, a ʻo Ceylon, Madagascar a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
Noho nā manu i nā savannas, nā ululāʻau tropical, nā nahele deciduous a me coniferous, nā kula a me nā kuahiwi... Makemake lākou ʻaʻole e piʻi i ka hohonu o ka mānoanoa, e koho ana i nā kihi māmā hāmama, nā ululāʻau kahakai a me nā ulu lāʻau. Ua aʻo kekahi ʻano e ola a hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona ākea. ʻO nā hawks mai nā latitude temperate he poʻe pili i ka noho ʻana, a lele nā manu mai nā ʻĀkau ʻākau i nā ʻāina hema no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻAnoʻai Hawk
ʻO nā manu (waena a me nā liʻiliʻi) ʻo ka hoihoi gastronomic nui loa na lākou, akā inā pono, ʻai nā ʻioʻi i nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi, amphibians (toads and frogs), nāhesa, nā moʻo, nā ʻelala a me nā iʻa. ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o ka papa kuhikuhi he manu liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka hapanui mai ka ʻohana passerine):
- ka oatmeal, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā lihi;
- nā peʻe, nā skates a me nā finches;
- nā warblers, nā crossbills a me nā huelo hau;
- wagtails, warblers a me dippers;
- nā mōʻī, nā moa a me nā ʻulaʻula;
- ʻeleʻele, lele lele a me nā lita.
ʻO nā ʻio nui nui e ʻimi aku i nā manu hou aku - nā pheasants, nā mea ulu lāʻau i ʻike nui ʻia, nā ʻūlū hazel, nā ʻāpana, nā ʻalalā, nā ʻulā, nā nūnū, nā mea lawe wai, a me nā kūloko (nā moa) a me nā moa wai.
Mea nui! Hoʻopili nā sparrowhawks Kepanī i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i kā lākou papaʻai, ʻoiai ʻo nā songhawks ʻeleʻele ʻApelika i hao ʻia i ka moa manu a me nā monggose pygmy.
Mai nā kūpale koko mehana i makemake i nā shrews, nāʻiole, nāʻiwi, nāʻiole, nāʻiole, nā ermine a me nā lāpaki. Ma waena o nā mea kolo, nā dragonflies, nā ʻūhini, cicadas, nā ʻūhini a me nā nalo (me nā ʻelepani, nā ʻili lepo a me nā longhorn) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Kūleʻa mau ka hawk i hoʻokahi pūnaewele a me kahi hoa pili hoʻokahi. Kūkulu ka pāpālua i kahi pūnana 1.5-2 mau mahina ma mua o ka male ʻana, hoʻopili ʻana iā ia i kahi lālā kokoke i ka pahu a ʻaʻole mamao aku ia mai luna. ʻAʻole hoʻohana nā hawks i ka pūnana kahiko - hoʻololi kekahi i ko lākou mau hale i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ke kūkulu nei i kahi mea hou a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana i loko o kā haʻi. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 3-4 mau hua, e hoʻouluulu ana iā lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻoiai ke kāne e hāpai i kāna meaʻai.
Hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hānaiʻai ma hope o ke ʻano o nā moa, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hānai iā lākou. I ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ola, haʻi aku ka hawka i kāna hoaaloha, lele iā ia, lawe i ke kupapaʻu a hoʻomaka i ka ʻoki ʻana, e hoʻokuʻu ana iā ia mai nā hulu / ʻili a haehae i nā ʻāpana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka makuahine wale nō ka hānai ʻana i nā moa me nā "huahana semi-pau". Inā make ʻo ia, make pū nō hoʻi ka puaʻa, akā no ka pōloli: lawe ka makua kāne a hoʻolei i kāna mea i loko o ka punana, kahi i hiki ʻole i nā moa ke hoʻomanawanui.
ʻOkoʻa nā chicks mai ko lākou mau mākua ʻaʻole wale i ka nui: i ka hope, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā maka ma mua o nā keiki. I nā moa, ʻo ka hapanui o nā maka hulu ke nānā aku e like me nā ʻālohilohi ʻeleʻele, i lilo i hōʻailona e hoʻomaka e hānai. Ke piha ka moa, huli ʻo ia i kona kua i ka makuahine - ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻike hou i nā maka ʻeleʻele koi a ʻike ʻo ia ua pau ka ʻai.
ʻAʻole haʻalele nā moʻo Hawk i ko lākou pūnana kūloko ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina... Inā ʻike ʻia ka moʻo i ka hopena o Iune, a laila i ka hapa lua o ʻAukake, e lele ʻē nei nā ʻio ʻōpio. Ma hope o ko lākou lele ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana o nā mākua iā lākou ma kahi o 5-6 mau pule. Lele nā keiki mai ko lākou home makua, ke loaʻa nei ke kūʻokoʻa piha. ʻAʻole e momona nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a hiki i ka piha ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka hawk ke kāne a me kāna hana hoʻokele waiwai paʻa ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā manu nāwaliwali a ʻōpio e nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina, e like me martens, ʻalopeke, a me nā pōpoki hihiu. I ka lewa, hele mai ka hoʻoweliweli mai nā manu manu lele e like me ka ʻaeto, pueo, buzzard a me ka pueo aeto. ʻAʻole pono e poina i nā ʻōlio ʻōpio e hāʻule mau i kā lākou ʻohana makua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hiki i ka hawk kolohe a wikiwiki hoʻi ke hoʻokau i ka nui o nā pōʻino ma nā kahua huli holoholona, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻopau ʻia me ka ʻole o ka minamina (me ka uku o ka uku) a puni ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! Ua kū lākou i ka luku ʻana i nā hawk ma ka waena wale nō o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike lākou ke mālama nei lākou i ka hiki o nā laha kalepa a luku hoʻi i nā koʻokoʻo weliweli
I ko mākou ʻāina, no ka laʻana, a hiki i ka 2013, ke Kauoha o 1964 "Ma ka streamlining i ka rula o ka nui o nā manu manu lele", i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ʻOihana Nui o ka Hunting a me nā mālama. Ua pāpā maopopo ʻole ʻia ka palapala e ka hopu ʻana a me ke kī ʻana o nā manu o nā mea pio, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou mau pūnana.
I kēia manawa ka helu o nā laha maʻamau, ka goshawk, aia ma ke kaona o 62-91 tausani pālua... Hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i loko o ka Appendix II o ka Convention Berne, CITES 1, a me Appendix II o ka Bonn Convention, e like me ka pono o ka pale a me ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka pae honua.
