Noho kahi holoholona ʻē ma Australia - like ia me ka porcupine, ʻai e like me ka anteater, hoʻomoe i nā hua manu e like me ka manu, a hānai i nā keiki i loko o kahi ʻeke ʻili e like me ka kangaroo. Pēlā ka echidna, nona ka inoa mai ka Greek Greek ἔχιδνα "nahesa".
Ka wehewehe o ka echidna
Aia he 3 mau hanauna i loko o ka ʻohana echidnova, kahi o lākou (Megalibgwilia) i manaʻo ʻia ua make.... Aia kekahi genus Zaglossus, kahi e loaʻa ai nā prochidnas, a me ka genus Tachyglossus (Echidnas), e loaʻa ana i hoʻokahi ʻano - ka echidna Australia (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Ua wehe ʻia ka hope i ko ke ao nei e ka zologist mai Great Britain, George Shaw, nāna i wehewehe i kēia mammal oviparous ma 1792.
Helehelena
He mau palena haʻahaʻa ko ka echidna - me ke kaupaona o 2.5-5 kg, ulu ia a ma kahi o 30-45 cm. ʻO nā ʻohana Tasmanian wale nō ka nui, nona nā ʻelele e ulu i ka hapalua mika. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ke poʻo liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā nila o 5-6 cm paʻa o keratin. He puha a he melemele nā kui kele (kōkua pinepine ʻia e ka ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi). Hoʻohui ʻia nā spines me ka huluhuluʻeleʻele a hulu ʻeleʻele paha.
ʻIke nā holoholona i nā maka maka ʻole, akā maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka pilau a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana: ʻohi nā pepeiao i nā haʻalulu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka lepo, i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā ants a me nā anaina. Akamai ka echidna ma mua o kona pili pono o ka platypus, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomohala ʻia o kona lolo a hoʻonui ʻia me nā convolutions. He muzzles ʻakaʻaka loa ka echidna me kahi nuku duck (7.5 cm), nā maka pouli a me nā pepeiao ʻike ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ka hulu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke alelo he 25 knm, a i ka hopu ʻana i ka pio e lele ia i 18 knm.
Mea nui! ʻO ke ʻano o ka huelo pokole e like me ka lepe. Ma lalo o ka huelo he cloaca - hoʻokahi puka e puka ai nā huna huna, ka mimi a me nā ʻāpana o ka holoholona.
Pau nā lālā pōkole i nā māiʻuʻu ikaika i hoʻololi ʻia no ka haki ʻana i nā puʻu termite a me ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo. ʻO nā māiʻuʻu ma nā wāwae hope ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia: me kā lākou kōkua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka holoholona i ka huluhulu, hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai nā parasites. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lālā hope o nā kāne makua kolohe me kahi spur - ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e like me ka platypus, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Echidna e hōʻike i kona ola, hūnā iā ia mai nā malihini. ʻIke ʻia he kamaʻilio ʻole nā holoholona a ʻaole ʻāina kūlohelohe: noho wale lākou, a ke lele pōpilikia lākou, hoʻopuehu wale lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole komo nā holoholona i ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnana ponoʻī, akā no ka pō / hoʻomaha lākou hoʻonohonoho ai i kahi o lākou:
- i nā mea kau pōhaku;
- ma lalo o nā aʻa;
- i nā mānoanoa;
- i nā ana o nā kumu lāʻau kua;
- nā māwae pōhaku;
- nā lua i waiho ʻia e nā lāpaki a me nā ʻōpū.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kauwela wela, peʻe ka echidna i nā hale malumalu, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia kona kino i ka wela ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā momona o ka hou a me ka mahana o ke kino haʻahaʻa (32 ° C wale nō). Hele mai ka ikaika o ka echidna a kokoke i ke ahiahi, ke loaʻa kahi anuanu.
Akā lilo ka holoholona i lethargic ʻaʻole wale i ka wela, akā me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā lā anuanu. ʻO ka hau hau a me ka hau e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i hibernate no 4 mau mahina. Me ka hemahema o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka echidna ke pōloli ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻolilo ana i kāna mau mālama o ka momona subcutaneous.
Nā ʻano o echidnova
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka Australian echidna, pono i kekahi e inoa i kāna mau ʻelima ʻelima, ʻokoʻa i ka nohona:
- Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus - Tasmania a me kekahi mau mokupuni o ka Bass Strait;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus - Kangaroo Island;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus - New South Wales, Queensland a me Victoria;
- ʻO Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion - Australia Australia a me Teritori ʻAkau
- ʻO Tachyglossus aculeatus lawesii - Nūkini Hou a me kahi ʻāpana o nā ululāʻau o ka hikina hikina o Kuini.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻonani ka Australian echidna i kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā paʻi palapala Australia. Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ʻia ka holoholona ma ka kālā ʻo ʻAukekulia 5 keneta.
Wā ola
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ola kēia mammal oviparous ma mua o 13-17 mau makahiki, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe loa. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lawe pio ʻana, ʻo ke ola o ka echidna ʻaneʻane pākolu - aia nā mea mua i ka wā i noho ai nā holoholona i nā zoo a 45 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I kēia lā, uhi ka laulā o ka ʻohana Echidnova i ka ʻāina ʻAukekulia holoʻokoʻa, nā mokupuni ma ka Bass Strait a me New Guinea. Kahi wahi kahi i loaʻa kahi kahua hānai nui e kūpono no ka echidna hale, kahi nahele ulu lāʻau a i ʻole kahi nāhelehele (ma lalo o ka wao akua pinepine.
Manaʻo ka echidna i ka pale ʻana ma lalo o ka uhi o nā mea kanu a me nā lau, no laila makemake ia i nā wahi me nā lau nahele. Hiki ke loaʻa ka holoholona ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi mauna kahi e hau ai i kekahi manawa.
ʻO kā ʻEchidna papaʻai
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole luhi ka holoholona i ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā anthills a me nā puʻu termite, e haehae ana i ka ʻili mai nā pahu i hāʻule, e ʻimi ana i ka papahele o ka nahele a huli i nā pōhaku. Loaʻa i ka papa kuhikuhi echidna maʻamau:
- naonao;
- nā kauā;
- nā mea kolo;
- molluscs liʻiliʻi;
- ilo
ʻO kahi puka liʻiliʻi ma ka wēlau o ka nuku e wehe wale ana he 5 mm, akā he hana nui kā ka nuku - kiʻi ia i nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali mai ka uila uila e hele mai ana mai nā ʻelima.
Hoihoi ia! ʻElua wale nō māmala, ka platypus a me ka echidna, i loaʻa i kahi pono uila me nā mīkini a me nā electroreceptors.
Kaulana nō hoʻi ke alelo o ka echidna, nona ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 100 neʻe i kēlā me kēia minuke a uhi ʻia me kahi mea lālau e pili ai nā naonao.... No kahi kīloi ʻoiʻoi i waho, kuleana nā mākoʻa pōʻai (i ka ʻaelike ʻana, hoʻololi lākou i ke ʻano o ke alelo a kuhikuhi iā ia i mua) a me nā mākala ma lalo o ke aʻa o ke alelo a me ka iwi ā lalo. ʻO ke kahe wikiwiki o ke koko e hoʻoluhi ke alelo. Hāʻawi ʻia ka retraction i nā mākala lōʻihi 2.
ʻO ke kuleana o nā niho nalowale e hana ʻia e nā denticle keratin, kahi e ʻānai i ka mea pio i ka pale palu. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kaʻina hana i loko o ka ʻōpū, kahi i hamo ʻia ka meaʻai me ke one a me nā ʻiliʻili, kahi e ale ai ka echidna i mua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻau maikaʻi ʻo Echidna, akā ʻaʻole holo wikiwiki, a hoʻopakele ʻia mai kahi makaʻu e kahi pale kuli. Inā palupalu ka honua, kanu ke holoholona iā ia iho i loko, e ʻōwili ana i pōpō a e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻenemi me nā kākalaioa.
ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke lawe i ka echidna mai ka lua - ke kūʻē nei, hohola ia i nā nila a kau i kāna wāwae. Hoʻonawaliwali nui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana ma nā wahi ākea a ma ka honua paʻa: hoʻāʻo ka poʻe mea ʻino mākaukau e wehe i ka pōpō, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻōpū hāmama iki.
Aia ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka echidna:
- ʻīlio dingo;
- ʻalopeke;
- nānā i nā moʻo;
- Nā diabolō Tasmania;
- nā pōpoki hānai a me nā ʻīlio.
ʻAʻole ʻimi nā kānaka i ka echidna, ʻoiai he ʻiʻo ono ʻole a me ka hulu, he mea ʻole loa ia no nā mea lawe.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ke kau ʻana o ka moena (kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi) i ka puna, ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kauwela mua. I kēia manawa, kū mai kahi ʻala musky mai nā holoholona, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kāne i nā wahine. Noho ke kuleana e koho ai me ka wahine. Ma waena o 4 mau pule, lilo ʻo ia i kikowaena o ka harem kāne, nona nā suit suit 7-10, me ka hoʻomau ʻole e ukali iā ia, me ka hoʻomaha a me ka ʻaina awakea.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka wahine, mākaukau no ka moekolohe, moe i lalo i ka honua, a hoʻopuni nā mea noi iā ia a ʻeli i ka lepo. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, hana ʻia kahi auwai apo (18-25 cm ka hohonu) a puni ka wahine.
Pākuʻi nā kāne e like me nā mokomoko ma ka tatami, e hoʻāʻo nei e kipaku aku i nā mea hoʻokūkū mai ka ʻauwaha honua... Pau ke kaua ke noho ka mea lanakila wale i loko. Hana ʻia ka māna ma ka ʻaoʻao a hoʻokahi hola paha ka lōʻihi.
Hāpai ka bearing i nā lā 21-28. Kūkulu ka makuahine e kali nei i kahi lua, ʻeli mau ia ia ma lalo o kahi puʻu anthill / termite kahiko a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi puʻu o nā lau māla kokoke i kahi noho kanaka.
Ke waiho nei ka echidna i hoʻokahi hua manu (13-17 mm ke anawaena a me 1.5 g ke kaupaona). Ma hope o 10 mau lā, kahi puggle (cub) me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 15 mm a me ke kaumaha o 0.4-0.5 g mau kiko mai laila mai. Uhi ʻia nā maka o ka hānau hou me ka ʻili, ʻaneʻane hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia nā lālā hope, akā ua lako nā mea mua me nā manamana lima.
Na nā manamana lima i kōkua i ka puggle e neʻe mai hope o ka ʻeke a ka makuahine a i mua, kahi e nānā ai no ka māla waiū. ʻO ka waiū o Echidna i poni ʻia no ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hao.
Piʻi koke nā keiki hānau hou, hoʻonui i ko lākou kaumaha a hiki i ka 0.4 kg i loko o ʻelua mau mahina, ʻo ia hoʻi, 800-1000 manawa. Ma hope o 50-55 mau lā, uhi ʻia me ke kākalaioa, hoʻomaka lākou e kolo i waho o ka ʻeke, akā ʻaʻole ka makuahine e haʻalele i kāna keiki me ka mālama ʻole a hiki i ka piha ʻana o kona mau makahiki ʻeono.
I loko o kēia manawa, noho ka cub ma ka puʻuhonua a ʻai i ka meaʻai i lawe ʻia mai e ka makuahine. Lōʻihi ka hānai ʻana o ka waiū ma kahi o 200 mau lā, a ma 6-8 mau mahina ua haʻalele ka echidna ulu i ka lua no kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia ka hānau ma 2-3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻo Echidna - hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki, a e like me kekahi mau hōʻike - hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 5-7 makahiki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole pili ka helu o echidna i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina a me kā lākou hoʻomaʻemaʻe no nā mea kanu mahiʻai. ʻO nā alaloa a me nā ʻāpana o ka wahi i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka wahi noho maʻamau he mea weliweli loa ia i nā laha. ʻO nā holoholona i hoʻolauna ʻia a me ka ilo hoʻi Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, lawe ʻia mai hoʻi mai ʻEulopa a me ka hāpai ʻana i kahi hoʻoweliweli weliweli i nā laha, ke hōʻemi nei i ka lehulehu.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hānai holoholona i ka pio, akā i kēia manawa ua kūleʻa wale kēia mau hoʻāʻo i loko o ʻelima mau zoo, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole kekahi o nā keiki i ola i ka wā ʻōpio. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka echidna Australia he mea weliweli - hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā ululāʻau o Australia a me Tasmania.
