ʻO kēia mau mōʻī aia i waena o nā keko kaulana ʻekolu i kaulana, a me nā chimpanzees a me nā gorila, a ʻo ia ka mea kokoke loa, e pili ana i ka hoʻohui koko a me ka hanana DNA, i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole i kapa ʻia nā ʻohana kūloko i kēia kamaʻāina shaggy o ka ululāʻau, e neʻe ana i ka honua ma nā wāwae ʻelua, "ke kanaka o ka ululāʻau" - "orang" (kāne) "ʻ utan" (ulu lāʻau). I ke aʻo ʻana i ke kikoʻī i ka DNA o kēia primata a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka likelika o kāna like (97% coincidence), ua hoʻomau ke kanaka i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia "ʻohana" hoihoi loa.
A ʻo ke kākau hewa ʻana o kona inoa pono ʻole, e hoʻohui ana i ka huapalapala "g" i ka hopena, e hoʻohuli ana i ke "kāne o ka ululāʻau" i "ʻaiʻē", ʻoiai ʻo "utang" i ka unuhi ʻana mai ka ʻōlelo Malay mai ʻo ia hoʻi "hōʻaiʻē".
Hōʻike o nā orangutan
Pili nā Orangutan i ka genus o nā kolo arboreal, ke kū nei i waena o nā primates e kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala... ʻO ka manawa pinepine, huikau nā orangutan me kona ʻaoʻao ʻApelika - he keko i hoʻomohala nui ʻia - ka gorilla. I kēia manawa, aia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, o waho a me ka lawena.
Helehelena
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā orangutan i nā gorillas i ka nui. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ko lākou ʻokoʻa nui. ʻAʻohe holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ka Honua e like ʻole me ka holoholona a ʻano like me ke kanaka. He mau kui kona, ʻaʻole maiuu, maka maka kupaianaha, ʻano helehelena maikaʻi, pepeiao liʻiliʻi "kanaka" a me ka lolo nui a ulu.
I ke kūlana o nā homo sapiens kūkulu, ʻaʻole hiki iki ka orangutan i 150 cm, akā i ka manawa like he kaumaha ia - hiki ke kaupaona ʻia 150 kg a ʻoi paha. ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā kaulike o ke kino. He mau wāwae pōkole ko ka orangutan a he kino ākea nui me ka ʻōpū mānoanoa. Lōʻihi loa nā lima - ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kino a me nā wāwae. Ikaika, muscular, kōkua lākou i ka orangutan me ka maʻalahi, a me ka lokomaikaʻi, "lele" ma waena o nā kumulāʻau.
Hoihoi ia! Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lima o ka ʻalani i ke kiʻekiʻe a piʻi i 2.5 m. Ke kū pololei ka mōneka, kau ʻia kona mau lima ma lalo o nā kuli a hiki i nā wāwae, he kākoʻo hou ke neʻe i ka honua.
ʻO ke ʻano kūikawā o ka manamana nui, protruding and curved by a hook, kōkua i ka orangutan deftly pili i nā lālā lāʻau. Ma nā wāwae, kūʻēʻē ʻia nā manamana nui i ke koena a ʻōwili, akā maikaʻi hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻohana liʻiliʻi. Kōkua pū nā manamana wāwae kekeʻe o nā forepaws i ka mōlika e ʻohi maʻalahi i nā hua mai nā kumu lāʻau, akā ʻo kā lākou hana kēia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā lālā like ke hana i nā manipulate paʻakikī.
Uhi ʻia ʻo Orangutan me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula paʻakikī. He lōʻihi ia, akā kākaʻikahi, kahi mea kahaha ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia i ke aniau wela o ka ululāʻau tropical. Hoʻololi ke kala o kaʻaʻahu i ka malu me nā makahiki o ke kuhina nui - mai ka ʻulaʻula i ka wā ʻōpio, i ka ʻeleʻele i ka wā ʻelemakule.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka hulu hipa ma luna o ke kino o ka ʻalani - ma nā ʻaoʻao he mānoanoa a emi pinepine ma ka umauma. ʻO ke kino o lalo a me nā poho lima ua aneane nele. Ua haʻi ʻo Orangutans i ka dimorphism moekolohe. Hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou kāne kāne i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi: nā ʻāʻī hoʻoweliweli, a "ʻumiʻumi" ʻakaʻaka a me nā pāpālina "puffed". Eia kekahi, ulu nā pāpālina o nā kāne ke ulu a makua, e hana ana i kahi wili a puni ka maka. ʻAʻohe ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi wahine, ʻaʻohe antennae, a i ʻole nā ʻūlū o ka ʻalani Orangutan a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou nui, a lahilahi ka iwi iwi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou kaumaha ma mua o 50 kg.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Noho ka orangutan i ka hapa nui o kona ola i nā kumu lāʻau.... ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa nā primates kāne nui, nona ka paona e lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli no nā lālā.
Hōʻalo kēia mau mōneka mai kahi lāʻau a kahi kumulāʻau, e hoʻohana ikaika ana i ko lākou forelimbs lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi. ʻO ke kumu o kēia neʻe ʻana e loaʻa kahi kumu meaʻai. Inā lawa ka meaʻai ma ka piko, a laila ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo ka orangutan e iho i ka honua. E kūkulu ʻo ia iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka moʻo pūnana mai nā lālā i kulou a moe moe i lalo, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa a ana ʻia ʻOiai ka make wai i ala aʻe, makemake kēia peʻapeʻa e kinai me ka wai i loaʻa ma luna, i nā lau a i nā hakahaka o nā kumulāʻau tropical.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lele nā orangutan mai kekahi lālā i kekahi lālā, akā neʻe mai kekahi lāʻau a i kekahi kumulāʻau, e pili ana i nā kumu a me nā kumu waina me ko lākou mau lima a me nā wāwae.
He holoholona ikaika loa lākou. ʻAʻole hiki i ko lākou koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ke pale iā lākou mai ka lanakila ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe he 50 mika. Eia kekahi, ua lawa kā lākou ʻike e hana maʻalahi ai i kā lākou hana. ʻO kahi laʻana, no ke kumu ʻoi o ka lāʻau kapoko, hana nā ʻalani i nā "mīkina lima" kūikawā mai nā lau nui e ʻae iā lākou e kiʻi maʻalahi i kā lākou pahuhopu - kohu lāʻau momona.
Hiki i nā Orangutan ke kamaʻilio me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi o nā kani. Hōʻike kēia peʻa i ka ʻeha a me ka huhū e ka uē ʻana me ka uē ʻana. E hōʻike i kahi hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi puff nui a smack. ʻO ke kani ʻana o ke kani a ke kāne a me ke ʻano o ke koi ʻana i ka ʻāina a hōʻike ʻia e kiʻi i ka maka o ka wahine. ʻO ka ʻeke ʻāʻā o ka orangutan, ka mea e hoʻāʻo e like me ka pōpō, e hū ana i kahi kani kani e lilo i ka ʻāʻī ʻana, kōkua i kēia kani i ka mana. Lohe ʻia kēlā "leo" i kahi kilomika.
ʻO nā Orangutane he mea hilahila polygamous. ʻO ka mea, ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā primata. Ke ola nei lākou ma ke ʻano he kāne. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kaiāulu nui ma kahi hoʻokahi no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai no kēlā me kēia, no laila e hoʻopuehu nā orangutan i kahi mamao mai kēlā me kēia. I ka manawa like, kiaʻi pono nā kāne i nā palena o ka teritori kahi i kau ai kāna harem.
Inā holoholo kahi malihini i kahi i pale ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ka mea nona kahi hana koa. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole hiki mai i ka "hoʻouka kaua", akā nui ka walaʻau. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe hoʻokūkū e hoʻoluliluli i nā kumulāʻau a haki i ko lākou mau lālā, e hele pū ana me kēia mau hana luku me ka ʻuā like ʻana. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia a hiki i ka wā e wāwahi ai kekahi o nā "mea pena kiʻi" i kona leo a luhi.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā Orangutan ke ʻauʻau. A makaʻu lākou i ka wai, ʻaʻole makemake iā ia, e pale ana i nā kahawai a uhi iā lākou iho mai ka ua me nā lau nui e like me ka malu.
Loaʻa ka orangutan i kahi metabolism lohi. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki iā ia ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no kekahi mau lā. Aia kahi mana e like me ka nui o ka metabolic rate (30% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau me ke kaumaha o ke kino) e ka nohona o primates a me kā lākou ʻano meaʻai.
ʻO nā Orangutan he mea ola maluhia. ʻAʻole lākou i maʻalahi i ka huhū a loaʻa kahi ʻano mālie, launa a me ke akamai. Ke hui ʻana me kahi malihini, makemake lākou e hele wāwae a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua.
ʻOiai ke hopu ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa ikaika, i hōʻino ʻia e kahi kanaka, e hopu ana i kēia mau holoholona no ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻUtaniwi Orangutan
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o nā orangutan i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: Sumatran a me Bornean / Kalimantan - ma hope o ka inoa o nā mokupuni ʻInidonesia kahi a lākou e noho ai. ʻAno like nā ʻano ʻelua i kekahi. I hoʻokahi manawa, aia kekahi mana o ka ʻĀtana Sumatra a me Kalimantan he mau ʻelele o ka ʻano like. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua ʻike ʻia kēia manaʻo he hewa, ua loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻĀtana Kalimantan ma mua o Sumatran, a ʻoi aku ka laha ʻole o Sumatran. Aia kekahi mau tigika ma kona mokupuni a makemake ʻo ia e noho mamao aku iā lākou, me ka hele iki ʻole i ka honua. ʻO Kalimantansky, ʻaʻohe ona mea ʻino like ma kahi kokoke, waiho pinepine i ka lāʻau.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, aia kahi hoʻopihapiha i nā ʻano ʻalani... Ua loaʻa kahi ʻano hou - ma Sumatra, ma ka moku ʻo Tapanuli. Ua lilo ʻo Tapanuilsky i ʻano ʻekolu o nā orangutan a ʻo ka hiku ma waena o nā ʻaka nunui.
Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka primata o ka heluna kanaka ʻo Tapanuli, ʻoiai ʻo ka noho ʻana ma ka mokupuni like me ka Sumatran, ua kokoke loa ia i ka hanana DNA i nā poʻe Kalimantan. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ko lākou Sumatran ʻohana i kā lākou papaʻai, lauoho lauoho, a me kahi leo kiʻekiʻe. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo a me nā iwi ā o ka Tutanuil orangutan mai nā hoahānau - ua liʻiliʻi ka iwi poʻo a ua ākea nā canine.
Wā ola
ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o nā orangutan i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 35-40 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana - 50 a ʻoi aku. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he poʻokela o ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā primates (ʻaʻole helu i nā kānaka). Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i ola ai ka orangutan a hiki i 65 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Palena loa ka wahi - ʻelua mokupuni ma Indonesia - Borneo a me Sumatra. Uhi ʻia i loko o nā ululāʻau paʻa a me nā mauna, ʻo lākou wale nō i kēia lā ka home no nā ʻano ʻalani ʻekolu. Koho kēia mau ʻano anthropoid nui i nā wahi kai haʻahaʻa i waiwai i nā mea ulu ulu ma ke ʻano he wahi noho.
Papaʻai orangutan
Hana nā Orangutan i nā mea ʻai. ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou papaʻai nā: huaʻai (mango, plums, maiʻa, fiku, hua durian), nā nati, nā wana, nā lau, nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā aʻa, ka wai, ka meli, nā pua a me kekahi mau kolo, nā nīnū, nā hua manu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā ʻalani... ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ka tiger Sumatran. Akā ma ka mokupuni ʻo Borneo, a ʻaʻole ia, no laila ke ola nei nā lāhui kūloko o ka orangutan i kahi palekana.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa i kēia ʻano anthropoid aloha aloha he maluhia a me ka hoʻokele waiwai kanaka nui, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka wahi i kaupalena ʻia o nā holoholona laha ʻole.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻohe o ka ʻalani ke kau ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka wā hānau. Hiki iā lākou ke male i kēlā me kēia manawa a lākou e makemake ai. A maikaʻi kēia no ka hoʻohua hou ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka piʻi maoli i ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā wahine orangutan he mau makuahine makaʻu lākou e hānai i kā lākou ʻōpio no ka manawa lōʻihi a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i waho o ko lākou mau lima. No laila, i loko o kona ola, hoʻokahi wahine, me kahi papa kūleʻa o nā hanana, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana ma mua o 6 cubs. Liʻiliʻi loa kēia.
Hapai ka hapai wahine i 8 a me ka hapa mahina. Hānau ʻia hoʻokahi pēpē, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua. ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau o ka ʻalani orangutan ma kahi o 2 kg. E holo ʻo ia i kona makuahine, e pili paʻa i kona ʻili, i ka mua, keu hoʻi ʻoiai ʻo ia e hānai waiū ana. A ʻo ka waiū o ka makuahine i kāna papaʻai a hiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki! A laila no kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua e noho ʻo ia kokoke i kona makuahine, e hoʻāʻo nei e nalo ʻole ka maka iā ia. I ka makahiki 6 wale nō, hoʻomaka nā orangutan i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, a lilo lākou i kanaka makua, e like me ka poʻe, ma 10-15 mau makahiki wale nō.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Aia ʻo Orangutan ma ka palena o ka make a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book... No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu o Sumatran a me Tapanuil ʻano loiloi. Kūpono ka lāhui Kalimantan.
Mea nui! I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 60 tausani mau kānaka Kalimantan, nā orangutan Sumatera - 15 tausani, a me nā orangutane Tapanuil - ma lalo o 800 mau kānaka.
Aia he 3 mau kumu no kēia:
- Deforestation, kahi i hōʻemi nui ai i ka laulā o kēia mau mōneka i nā makahiki he 40 i hala.
- Poaching. ʻO ka rarer ka holoholona, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele. No laila, ke ulu nei ka noi no nā orangutan, keu hoʻi no kā lākou mau keiki. I ka manawa pinepine, i mea e lawe aku ai i ka pēpē mai ka makuahine, pepehi nā mea alualu iā ia, a hōʻeha ʻole i ka heluna kanaka o ka laha.
- Pili pili pili pono, ma muli o nā wahi liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā hoʻololi hoʻololi.
