Kupanaha kēia holoholona nani ikaika me kona helehelena āpau. I ka wā kahiko, hoʻomana nā kānaka iā ia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kāna kiʻi ma nā sarcophagi o nā hale kupapaʻu kahiko a me nā paia o nā ana o ka poʻe kahiko. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona heraldic, kū mau kēia holoholona no ka ikaika a me ke ahonui. Kāhea ka poʻe iā ia me ka mahalo - "elk" - ma ka like o ke ʻano o nā pepeiaohao me ka palau mea mahiʻai.
ʻO ka inoa luna "elk", mai ka Old Slavonic "ols", hāʻawi ʻia i ka holoholona e ke kala ʻulaʻula o ka hulu o kāna mau keiki. I ka wā kahiko, ua kapa maʻalahi ka poʻe o Siberia i ka moose maʻalahi - "holoholona". He moʻolelo ko ka North American Apache Indians e pili ana i ka elk insidious, a me ka Kanada - e pili ana i ka mea hanohano. Ma Vyborg, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo no ka elk, a ma ke kumu kūʻai o kona ola i hoʻopakele ai i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona nalowale.
Wehewehe ʻōlelo Elk
He mammal holoholona ʻo Elk, no ke kauoha o artiodactyls, ka suborder o ruminants, ka ʻohana dia a me ka genus o ka elk... ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o nā elk elk. Hoʻololi ia mai 4 a i ka 8. ʻO ka mea nui o lākou nā ʻāpana Alaskan a me East Europe, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi ʻo Ussuri, nona nā aniani i ʻano ʻole no ka elk, me ka ʻole o nā "pahi".
Helehelena
I ka ʻohana dia, ʻo ka elk ka holoholona nui loa. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo ke 2.35 m, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻekolu mau mika, a hiki ke kaumaha i 600 kg a ʻoi paha. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā moose kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Ma waho aʻe o ka nui, ʻokoʻa ka moose mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana dia e kekahi mau kumu:
- kino: pōkole ke kino a lōʻihi nā wāwae;
- antlers: ākea, ʻaʻole kaulike e like me nā dia;
- he mae wale kona peʻa;
- nui loa ke poʻo me kahi ʻano “ihu ihu” a me ka lehelehe luna o ka ʻiʻo;
- ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī o kahi kāne elk aia kahi ulu ʻili palupalu, a hiki i 40 cm ka lōʻihi, i kapa ʻia he "earring".
Ma muli o nā wāwae lōʻihi, pono ka moose e hele hohonu i ka wai a kukuli i lalo e ʻona. He paʻakikī ka lauoho o Moose i ka hoʻopā ʻana, akā he palupalu lalo ona e hoʻomehana ai i ka holoholona i ke anuanu. Ma ka hoʻoilo, ulu ka huluhulu i 10 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi loa i ka moose ma ka maloʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ma waho e like me ka mane a hana i kahi ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu ma ke kino o ka holoholona. ʻO ke kala o ka pālule - me kahi hoʻololi mai ka ʻeleʻele (i ke kino o luna) i brown (i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa) a keʻokeʻo - i nā wāwae. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka moose ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO Elk ka mea nona nā pepeiaohao nui loa ma waena o nā mea momona.... Hiki ke kaumaha o nā pepeiaohao i 30 kg a loaʻa i kahi kiko o 1.8 m. ʻO nā kāne wale nō ke kaena i kēia hoʻonaninani ma ko lākou poʻo. ʻO nā wahine Elk ʻaʻole e pepe mau.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki - i ka hopena o ke kauwela - hoʻolei ka elk i kāna antlers, hele me ka ʻole o lākou a hiki i ka puna, a laila ulu nā mea hou. ʻO ka elk kahiko, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona mau pepeiaohao, ākea ka "shovel" a me nā kaʻina hana pōkole.
Hoihoi ia! Hāʻule nā antlers ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā homone wahine i loko o ke koko o kahi elk ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau male. ʻO nā loli hormonal e alakaʻi i ka palupalu o kaʻiʻo iwi ma kahi e pili ai nā pepeiaohao i ka iwi poʻo. ʻO nā pepeiaohao i kiola ʻia i loko he nui nā protein a me nā meaʻai no nā rodents a me nā manu.
Loaʻa i nā keiki bipi Moose nā pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki. I ka wā mua, palupalu lākou, uhi ʻia me ka ʻili lahilahi a me ka huluhulu kulu, kahi e maʻalahi ai lākou i ka ʻeha a me nā nahu o nā insect, e hōʻoluʻolu nui i ka holoholona. ʻElua mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka ʻehaʻeha ʻana, a laila paʻakikī ka pepeiaohao o nā bipi keiki a kū ke koko iā lākou.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā pepeiaohao ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha i ka holoholona, akā he ʻoluʻolu. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka hopena o ke kau moʻo, ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka elk, hoʻopilikia wale lākou i ka neʻe ʻana i ka hau me ke kaupaona keu ma ke poʻo.
Auila
Noho maʻa mau ʻo Elks, makemake e noho ma kahi hoʻokahi inā ʻoluʻolu nā kūlana a lawa ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻoilo me kahi mānoanoa o ka hau a me ka nele o ka meaʻai e koi iā lākou e hele.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Moose i ka hau hohonu, ʻimi lākou i nā wahi no ka hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka uhi o ka hau ma mua o ka hapalua mika. ʻO ka mea mua, hele nā wahine me ka moose ma ke ala, ukali nā kāne iā lākou. Hoʻi lākou mai nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka wā puna, ke hoʻomaka ka hoʻoheheʻe o ka hau, i ke kaʻina huli - alakaʻi ʻia ka huakaʻi e nā kāne a me nā wahine wahine ʻole keiki.
Hiki i ka Moose ke hele a 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma ke ala, holo maikaʻi lākou, hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 55 km i kēlā me kēia hola.
ʻAʻole holoholona ʻo Moose. Noho kaʻawale lākou, i hoʻokahi a i ʻole 3-4 mau kānaka. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi wale no nā wahi hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna ua hoʻopuehu hou lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā wahi no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā moose no nā kau hoʻoilo, ua kapa ʻia nā "hoʻomoana" ma Rūsia, a me nā "pā" ma Kanada. I kekahi manawa a ʻo 100 moose e ʻākoakoa ma kahi hoʻomoana.
Pili ka hana Moose i ke kau, a i ʻole, ma ke ana wela mahana. I ke kauwela wela, hana ʻole nā moose i ka lā, peʻe mai ka wela a me nā midges i loko o ka wai, i nā glades ulu lāʻau hoʻoluʻu, i ka malu o nā mānoanoa. Hele lākou i waho e hānai ke emi ke ana wela - i ka pō.
I ka hoʻoilo, i ka ʻokoʻa, hānai ka moose i ke ao, a i ka pō, e mahana ai, moe lākou i ka hau, e like me ka bea i ka lua, e lele ana i loko o ia mea, kokoke ʻaneʻane. Pā wale nā pepeiao a mae wale. Inā hāʻule ke kino o ka moose i 30 kekelē, e make ka holoholona mai ka hypothermia.
I ka wā rutting wale nō, hana nā moose, me ka nānā ʻole i ka manawa o ke ao a me ka mahana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mahana o ke kino o ka moose mai ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i ka wela hiki ke piʻi aʻe i 40 kekelē a alakaʻi i ka hahau wela o ka holoholona. Loaʻa kēia i kahi reprot kūlohelohe kūikawā, i hana ʻia e ka moose ma kahi o ka hou maʻamau - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻaila".
Pale aku ia i ka holoholona mai nā nahu o nā kolo kiki koko, mālama i ke anuanu, akā pāʻani pū kekahi i kekahi hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻomāinoino ke wela loa. ʻO ka hamo, ke kāpae nei i nā pores o ka ʻili, ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai ke anuanu wikiwiki ʻana.
Lohe maikaʻi ʻo Moose a ʻike maikaʻi ʻole... A hiki i ka lohe a me ka honi ke hoʻomohala ʻia i ka elk, nāwaliwali loa ka maka. ʻAʻole hiki i ka moose ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kino kanaka holo ʻole mai kahi mamao o 20 mau mika
'Auʻau Moose nui. Aloha kēia mau holoholona i ka wai. Pono lākou i ʻelua ma ke ʻano he hoʻōla mai ka nū, a me kahi kumu o ka meaʻai. Hiki i ka moose ke ʻauʻau a 20 km a hiki ke noho ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o hoʻokahi minuke.
ʻAʻole holoholona paio ʻo Elk... Hoʻonui ka pae o kā lākou huhū i ka wā rutting wale nō. Ma ia manawa wale nō e hoʻohana ai ka elk i ko lākou mau kiwi no kā lākou kumu i manaʻo ai, e hakakā ana me ka mea hoʻokūkū no ka wahine. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻouka ʻia e kahi ʻīlio hae a bear paha, pale ka elk iā ia iho me kona mau wāwae mua. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ka moose ma mua a inā loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono e pakele ai, holo ʻo ia.
Wā ola
Ua hoʻomākaukau ka kūlohelohe i kahi ola paʻa no ka moose - 25 mau makahiki. Akā i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ola kēia pilikua aloha aloha i 12 mau makahiki. Loaʻa kēia i nā mea ʻaihue - nā ʻīlio hae a me nā bea, nā maʻi a me nā poʻe e hoʻohana i ka moose no kā lākou lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona Elk mai ʻOkakopa a Ianuali.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka huina nui o ka elk ma ka honua kokoke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona. Ma mua o ka hapalua o lākou e noho nei ma Rūsia. Noho ke koena ma ka Hikina a me ka ʻĀkau o ʻEulopa - ma Ukraine, Belarus, Polani, Hungary, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic, Czech Republic, Pinilana, Nolewai.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻopau ʻo ʻEulopa i kāna moose i nā kenekulia 18 a me 19. ʻIke wale wau i ke kenekulia i hala, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hana i nā hana palekana o nā mea ola hoʻokahi e ola nei, nā ʻīlio hae, a me nā mea ulu ulu ulu hou. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka heluna o ka elk.
Aia nā moose ma ka ʻākau o Mongolia, hikina hikina o Kina, ka USA, Alaska a me Kanada. No nā wahi noho, koho ka elk i nā ululāʻau birch a me nā lāʻau paina, willow a aspen nahele ma nā kapa o nā muliwai a me nā loko, ʻoiai hiki ke noho i ka tundra a me ka steppe. Akā, akā naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā ululāʻau kāwili ʻia me ka ulu nui.
Papaʻai Elk
ʻO ka papa moose ka manawa kau... I ke kauwela, ʻo ia nā lau o nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau, nā mea kanu wai a me nā mauʻu. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ka lehu kuahiwi, aspen, maple, birch, willow, cherry manu, pahu wai, līlia wai, horsetail, sedge, willow-herbs, sorrel, kiʻekiʻe umbrella mauʻu. ʻAʻole hiki iā Elk ke ʻohi i nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ka ʻāʻī pokole a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, nā lau, blueberry a me nā lingonberry bushes, me nā hua, e komo i ka papaʻai o ka elk. I ka hāʻule, hele mai ia i ka ʻili, ka limu, nā laikini a me nā lau i hāʻule. Ma ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka elk i nā lālā a me nā wana - raspberries hihiu, lehu mauna, fir, pine, willow.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO 30 ration o ka moose kauwela kauwela o ka moose he 30 kg o nā meaʻai mea kanu, hoʻoilo - 15 kg. I ka hoʻoilo, inu iki ka moose a ʻai ʻole i ka hau, mālama i ka wela o ke kino.
Hiki i hoʻokahi moose ke ʻai i nā mea kanu he 7 i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Pono ʻo Elk i ka paʻakai ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai. Loaʻa ʻo ia iā ia i loko o nā lekiʻu paʻakai i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā mea pāʻani pāʻani, a i ʻole ka palu ʻana i ka paʻakai mai nā alanui. Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo Elk e ʻai nei i nā agarics lele. ʻAʻole maopopo maopopo i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā aia kekahi mana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā fungi ʻona e kōkua i ka holoholona e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka gastrointestinal tract of parasites. Wahi a kekahi mana, e ʻai ka moose i nā amanitas wale nō i ka wā o ka rut - e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou ikaika.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Aia kekahi o lākou, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka elk. ʻElua wale nō mea nui - ka ʻīlio hae a me ka bea. Hoʻouka nā bear i ka moose ke haʻalele ka poʻe pōloli i kā lākou mau lua ma hope o ka hibernation. Koho ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻouka kaua i hiki ʻole i ka moose ke hakakā hou me kāna wāwae mua. E hana i kēia, hoʻāʻo lākou e kipaku i ka elk i loko o nā mānoanoa. Koho ka ʻīlio hae i nā wahi me ka hau liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻouka kaua. I ka hau hohonu, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hōkai ke hopu me kahi keiki bipi. Ma ke ʻano he mea make, hoʻāʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu e koho i kahi holoholona maʻi a i ʻole nā holoholona ʻōpio. Hoʻouka wale ʻia kahi moose mākua e kahi ʻohana, e hoʻokokoke iā ia mai hope.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena no ka elk i ʻAukake-Kepakemapa a hala 2 mau mahina... I kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e noho kaʻawale mai kēia holoholona. Lilo i ke kāne ka huhū, kū ʻole kā lākou pae hormonone i ka pakuhi. Ke nalo nei ka makaʻala a me ke akahele, hele lākou i ke ala, uwo nui, ʻalalā nā lāʻau me ko lākou pepeiaohao, haki nā lālā, hoʻonāukiuki i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hakakā no ka wahine. ʻO ke kaua o nā moose kāne kāne makua ke nānā aku weliweli a hiki ke hoʻopau me ka make o kekahi o nā mea kūʻē.
Mea nui! He holoholona monogamous ʻo Elk. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hakakā no kahi kau, akā no hoʻokahi wahine.
Mai ka moena ʻana a ka hānau keiki, hala nā lā he 240, a hānau ʻia kahi keiki bipi moose, pinepine pinepine hoʻokahi, emi iki i ʻelua. Nawaliwali nō ia, akā hoʻāʻo koke e kū i kona mau wāwae. ʻO nā pule mua o ke ola, nāwaliwali loa ka cub. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke neʻe lōʻihi, hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i nā lau ma ka pae o kona ulu a pili i ka waiū o kona makuahine. ʻO ia wale nō kona manawa e ola ai.
Hānai nā bipi Moose i kā lākou keiki me ka waiū no 4 mau mahina. ʻOi aku ka momona o ka waiū moose ma mua o ka waiū o ka bipi a ʻoi aku ka momona. Loaʻa iā ia ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka protein. ʻAʻole ia he mea e pīhoihoi ai ka ulu ʻana o ka bipi keiki moose e nā leaps a me nā palena ma ia ʻano hānai a i ka hāʻule ʻana he 150-200 kg ke kaumaha. Ua oʻo makua elk i ka makahiki ʻelua.
Waiwai kālepa
He holoholona pāʻani ʻo Elk... Mālama maʻalahi ʻia ia. ʻO kahi keiki bipi moose ʻāhiu, ma hope o ka hānai mua ʻana, lilo i kanaka no ke ola. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ka wahine elk i ka waiū. Hoʻonui waiwai ʻia ka waiū Elk no kāna pono pilikino a hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu lāʻau, no nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract. No hoʻokahi wā lactation - 4 mau mahina - hāʻawi kahi bipi moose ma kahi o 500 liters o ka waiū. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Elks ma ke ʻano he mauna. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi waʻa a holo. Paʻa paʻakikī lākou a pono ʻole i nā wahi ʻoʻoleʻa a i nā wā hoʻoheheʻe.
I ka wā o ke Kaua Kivila, aia kahi kaʻawale kūikawā i ka pūʻali koa o Budyonny, nona nā mea hakakā i holo elk ma nā wahi pohopoho paʻakikī o Ukraine a me Belarus. Ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻike i ke kaua Soviet-Finnish a kūleʻa nui.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohana ka poʻe Suetena i nā paleko moose e hana i nā pepa pilikino i ka makaʻala, a he kumu kūʻai nui loa ia.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo Elk no ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā sausa puhi maka a me nā meaʻai kēpau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā antk elk ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi meaola biologically mai nā antlers.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻole helu ʻia ʻo Elk i loko o ka puke Red international a i ʻole i ka puke ʻula o ka Russian Federation. I kēia lā, ʻo kona kūlana mālama ka mea hopohopo ʻole.
