ʻAʻole hiki ke huikau kēia manu ʻApelika me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea nui ia e hele wāwae ma kona mau wāwae lōʻihi, e hoʻoluliluli i nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma ke kua o kona poʻo, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia - ka manu kākau ʻōlelo. Ma waho o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa, ua kaulana pū kēia manu ma ke ʻano he pepehi kanaka aloha ʻole o nā nahesa. Mahalo a mahalo ka lehulehu i ka manu kākau ʻōlelo no kēia, hoʻohanohano iā ia me ka hanohano o ke kāhiko ʻana i nā kapa komo o Sudan a me ʻApelika Hema.
Hōʻike ʻia me nā ʻeheu nunui nunui, ʻo ka manu kākau ʻōlelo, ʻoiai, pale aku i ka ʻāina a hōʻailona i ka ʻoi loa o ka lāhui ʻApelika Hema ma luna o kona mau ʻenemi. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ka manu kākau ʻōlelo e ka mea kālaikāla ʻo Johann Hermann i ka makahiki 1783. Kāhea ʻia kēia manu he "mea ʻai nahesa", "herald" a "hypogeron".
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka manu kākau ʻōlelo
ʻO ka manu kākau ʻōlelo ʻo ia wale nō ka lālā o ka ʻohana kākau ʻōlelo o Falconiformes... Ua manaʻo ʻia he manu nui ma muli o kona ʻēheu nui - ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau mika. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ke kaumaha o ka manu kākau ʻōlelo i ka manaʻo - 4 kg wale nō, a ʻaʻole hoihoi ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 150 cm.
Hoihoi ia! ʻElua mana o ke kumu o ka inoa ʻano ʻē o ka manu. Wahi a kekahi, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, ua kapa inoa ʻia ka "kākau ʻōlelo" o ka manu ʻApelika no ka hele ʻana a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele lōʻihi e kū i ke kua o ke poʻo.
ʻO nā kākau ʻōlelo a me nā bailiff o ka hopena o 18-19 mau kenekulia i makemake e kāhiko i kā lākou wigs me nā mea like, like me nā gose. Pēlā nō, ʻo ke kala laulā o ka plumage o ka manu e like me nā lole o nā kāne kākau ʻōlelo o ia wā. Wahi a kekahi mana ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i ka manu kākau ʻōlelo kona inoa mai ka lima māmā o nā kolone Farani, i lohe i ka huaʻōlelo Palani "secrétaire" - "kākau ʻōlelo" i ka inoa ʻAlapia no "manu ʻimi holoholona" - "sakr-e-tair".
Helehelena
He kala plumage haʻahaʻa ko ka manu kākau ʻōlelo. ʻAneʻane hina āpau, huli ʻeleʻele kokoke i ka huelo. ʻO nā wahi kokoke i nā maka a me ka nuku e nānā i ka ʻalani, akā ʻaʻole ma muli o ka hulu, akā, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, no ko lākou nalo ʻana. He ʻili ʻulaʻula kēia i uhi ʻole ʻia i ka hulu. ʻAʻole lawe i ke kala, kū i waho ka manu kākau ʻōlelo no kāna mahele kino maʻamau: nā ʻēheu nunui a me nā wāwae lahilahi. Kōkua nā ʻeheu iā ia e lele i ka lewa, ke kau nei ma luna i kahi kiʻekiʻe. A pono nā wāwae-wāwae no ka holo hemo e lawe. Ae! ʻO ka manu kākau ʻōlelo he kūkini maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a i 30 km i kēlā me kēia hola a ʻoi aku.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hulu ʻeleʻele lōʻihi e hoʻonani i ka hope o ke poʻo o ka manu kākau kākau a ʻo ia kona hiʻohiʻona kūwaho, hāʻawi i nā kāne i ke kau moʻo. Kū lākou mai ke kua o ke poʻo a pili i ke poʻo o ke poʻo, me ke kani ʻana o ke kani a me ke kani a ke kāne, e kāhea nei i ka wahine.
He ʻāʻī lōʻihi hoʻi kā ka manu kākau ʻōlelo, a hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka herona a i ʻole ka manu ʻā, akā mai kahi mamao aku wale nō. Ke nānā pono ʻia, maopopo leʻa ke poʻo o ka manu kākau ʻōlelo e like me ke poʻo o ka ʻaeto. ʻO nā maka nui a me kahi nuku crochet mana e kumakaia i kahi mea hahai holoholona koʻikoʻi i loko ona.
Auila
Noho pālua nā manu kākau ʻōlelonohoʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi i kekahi ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa... Aia nā hihia ke ʻākoakoa kēia mau manu i nā hui, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi - no ka lua wai a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka nui o nā meaʻai a puni. ʻO ka loaʻa a me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai ka mea e neʻe ai ke kākau ʻōlelo manu mai kahi a kahi. Makemake ʻo ia e hana i kēia ma ka honua, e hele wāwae i kekahi manawa a i 30 km i ka lā. Maliʻa paha ʻaʻole ʻike kēia manu i ka lele ʻana - no laila ʻaʻole iki ʻo ia e hana.
I kēia manawa, lele maikaʻi ka manu kākau ʻōlelo. Wale no ka haʻalele 'ana ka mea pono ia i kahi kūpono takeoff holo. A ʻaʻole loaʻa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe i kēia manawa, akā me ka lohi, me ke ʻano kaumaha. Akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe o ka manu kākau ʻōlelo e ala aʻe ana, e hohola ana i kona mau ʻeheu 2 mika, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonani hou ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka manu kākau ʻōlelo i ka lewa i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, ke lele ka kāne ma luna o kāna pūnana, e kiaʻi ana i ka ʻāina.
Noho kēia mau manu i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka honua, akā makemake lākou e hiamoe a hatch i nā moa i nā kumulāʻau a i nā pūnana. Kūkulu lākou iā lākou i nā kalaunu o acacias, kūkulu i nā paepae nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mika ke anawaena) mai ka mauʻu, lau, manure, nā hulu hipa a me nā mea kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻololi nei i kahi hale hoʻokipa e hoʻoweliweli e hāʻule ma lalo o kāna kaupaona ponoʻī.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana no hoʻokahi makahiki. Ke neʻe aku nei iā ia e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, hoʻi mau kahi manu kākau ʻōlelo iā ia i ka manawa e kō ai nā hua.
He manu ʻimi naʻau ka manu kākau ʻōlelo. No nā hanana like ʻole a me nā ʻano pāʻani, loaʻa iā ia kāna mau hana ponoʻī a me nā ʻenehana i ka hale kūʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, i mea e hopu ai i kahi nahesa, hana kēia mea ʻai nahesa hanohano i ka holo maalea me ka loli mau o ke kuhikuhi. He nahesa, hoʻopunipuni ʻia e nā neʻe hikiwawe, ua ulana ke poʻo a,
Eia hou, ke komo nei i kahi kaua me ka nahesa, hoʻohana ka manu kākau ʻōlelo i kona ʻēheu nui ma ke ʻano he pale kaua, e pale ana i ka hoʻouka kaua a ka ʻenemi. ʻO nā wāwae o ka manu, pauma a muscular, he mea kaua pū kekahi. Pākuʻi ʻo ia me lākou i ka wā o nā hakakā moʻa me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Hoʻolei maʻalahi lākou i nā hoʻouka o ka nahesa, kaomi ʻana i ka honua. Paʻa hilinaʻi ʻia nā wāwae o ka mea ʻai nahesa mai nā nahu ʻino e nā unahi kaulike. A ikaika loa ka nuku me kona kī ʻana hiki iā ia ke wāwahi ʻaʻole wale ke poʻo o ka nahesa, ka iwi kuamoʻo, akā ʻo ka pūpū o ka honu.
No ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi e peʻe ana i ka mauʻu mānoanoa, hoʻohana ka manu kākau ʻōlelo i kēia ʻano hana: hele a puni ka ʻāina, e kīpoʻi ana i kona mau ʻeheu nui i ka mauʻu, e hana ana i kahi walaʻau kupaianaha no nā rodents makaʻu. Inā lākou e peʻe ana i nā lua, hoʻomaka ka mea kākau ʻōlelo e hehi i kāna mau pahi liʻiliʻi me kāna mau pahi. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke kū i kahi hoʻouka psychic. Haʻalele ka mea i loaʻa i kona puʻuhonua me ka weliweli, a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e pono ai ka predator.
ʻOiai i ke ahi, kahi mea maʻamau ʻole i ka savannah ʻApelika, ʻano ʻokoʻa ka manu kākau ʻōlelo mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka holoholona.... ʻAʻole lele ʻo ia a ʻaʻole holo aku mai ke ahi, akā hoʻohana i ka weliweli nui e wehe i ka huli. A laila lele ʻo ia ma luna o ka laina o ke ahi a ʻohiʻohi i nā mea ʻai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia mai ka honua i ʻā ʻia.
Wā ola
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi manu kākau kākau - kahi lōʻihi o 12 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu kākau ʻōlelo ma ʻApelika a ma kāna mauʻu wale nō a me kāna savannas wale nō... ʻAʻole kūpono nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā wahi wao nahele o ka Sahara no ka hopu holoholona, loiloi a holo ʻana ma mua o ka haʻalele. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua kaupalena ʻia ka nohona o ka mea ʻai nahesa i nā panalāʻau mai Senegal a Somalia a ma kahi iki aku o ka hema, a hiki i ka Cape of Good Hope.
Papaʻai manu kākau ʻōlelo
ʻOkoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi manu a ke kākau ʻōlelo. Ma waho aʻe o nā moʻo o nā kaha a pau, pili pū ia:
- nā mea kolo - nā nananana, nā ʻūhini, nā pule pule, nā ʻiʻo a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa;
- nā māmele liʻiliʻi - nāʻiole, nā iole, nā hedgehogs, nā bea a me nā mongoose;
- nā hua manu a me nā moa;
- nā moʻo a me nā kuhukuku liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka momona o kēia manu he kaʻao. I hoʻokahi manawa, ʻekolu mau moʻo, ʻehā mau moʻo a me 21 mau kuhukukū liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i kāna goiter!
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manu kākau ʻōlelo makua. Akā ʻo nā moa i nā pūnana ākea ākea i ka makaʻu maoli mai nā pueo ʻApelika a me nā manu koraka.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Aia ka manawa hānau no nā manu kākau ʻōlelo i ka wā ua - ʻAukake, Kepakemapa. I loko o ke kau moʻo, nānā pono ke kāne ma hope o ka wahine: hulahula ʻo ia nona, hīmeni i nā mele iā ia, hōʻike i ka nani o ka lele like ʻana o ka nalu a me nā kiaʻi kiaʻi me ka ʻole o ke kāne e komo i kāna panalāʻau. ʻO ka male ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hana ʻia ma ka honua, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau. Ke pau nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole haʻalele ke kāne i kāna ipo wahine, akā hele a pau i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻoulu i nā moa a hānai pū ʻia me lākou me ka "hoa kāne", mai ka hoʻomaka a ka hopena. ʻOiai e noho ana ka wahine ma luna o nā hua, he 45 mau lā, hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia i ka meaʻai, e ʻimi holoholona wale ana. I ka lālau o ka manu kākau ʻōlelo, maʻamau, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau hua, kū i ka pea a me keʻokeʻo.
Hatch nā ʻikena mai iā lākou i ka lohi, e like me ke kaʻina o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua - me kahi wā o kekahi mau lā. ʻO ka moa hope loa, lohi i nā kaikuaʻana / nā kaikuaʻana, loaʻa kahi manawa liʻiliʻi e ola ai a make pinepine i ka pōloli. Ulu mālie nā moa manu kākau ʻōlelo. Lōʻihi lākou i 6 mau pule e ala aʻe i ko lākou mau wāwae a me 11 mau pule e ala aʻe i ka ʻēheu. I kēia mau manawa āpau, hānai ko lākou mau mākua iā lākou, ʻo ka mua me ka ʻai semi-digest, a laila me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo maka.
Ke lele nei kahi moa i oʻo ʻole i oʻo i ka pūnana, kope i ka hana a kona mau mākua. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻenemi o ka pēpē ma ka honua a, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomau o ka hānai ʻana o nā mākua iā ia, he mea ʻole ka hiki ke ola. ʻO ka pinepine make ka pēpē pēpē. Pēlā nō ia i loko o ʻekolu mau moa, hoʻokahi wale nō e ola ana, ʻaʻole ia he nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻOiai ka mahalo o ka lehulehu i ka manu kākau ʻōlelo no ke kōkua ʻana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā nahesa, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i noʻonoʻo i ka hōʻino ʻana i kā lākou pūnana. Hoʻohui i kēia i ke ola haʻahaʻa o nā moa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahi noho ma muli o ka nāhelehele a me ka mahi ʻana o ka ʻāina e nā kānaka - ua hoʻohoka ʻia kēia manu e ka make. I ka 1968, ua lawe ka Convention ʻApelika e pili ana i ka Conservation of Nature i ka manu kākau ʻōlelo ma lalo o kāna pale ʻana.
