I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i hala, aneane nalowale ke dia sika mai ka maka o ka honua. Pepehi ʻia ʻo ia no ka pono o ka ʻiʻo ʻono, ka ʻili kumu, akā no ka nui o nā pepeiaohao ʻōpio (antlers), ma ke kumu a lākou i hana ai i nā lāʻau kupaianaha.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻano Sika
ʻO Cervus nippon no ka genus ʻo True Deer, kahi lālā o ka ʻohana Cervidae (reindeer)... Kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia ka dia sika, māmā a lahilahi. Hōʻike piha ʻia kona nani e ka makahiki o 3 mau makahiki, ke kū a kiʻekiʻe nā kāne / wahine i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha.
Helehelena
I ke kauwela, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ke kala o ka ʻahu. Pālua ʻia nā mea ʻelua i ka leo ʻulaʻula nui me nā kiko keʻokeʻo, koe wale nō ke nānā iki o nā wahine. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou: lilo ka huluhulu o nā kāne i pouli, ʻoliva-ʻeleʻele, a me nā wahine - hina hina. Ulu ka holoholona makua i ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 1.6-1.8 m me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kani o 0.95-1.12 m a me ka nui o 75 a 130 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. He lōʻihi lōʻihi ko ka dia, ʻaneʻane kū i luna me ka poʻo kiʻekiʻe me nā pepeiao kaulike. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani nui o ke kāne kāne he 4 mau poʻo pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele, nona ka lōʻihi mai 65-779 cm me ka nui o 0.8-1.3 kg.
Hoihoi ia! Ua launa nā Zoologists i nā dia hihiu me nā antlers a hiki i ka 0.9-0.93 cm ka lōʻihi. I ka manawa i hopu ʻia ai kahi dia sika kahiko me nā mea ʻoiʻoi loa ke koʻikoʻi - he 6 mau lālā a kikoʻī i aneane 1.9 kg.
Hōʻike kēlā me kēia holoholona i kēlā me kēia kala i ka leo o ka ʻahu a i ka hoʻonohonoho / kala o nā kiko. Pōuliuli mau ke kua ʻulaʻula ma ka pali, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā ma nā ʻaoʻao (lalo) a me ka ʻōpū. E iho ke kala ʻulaʻula i nā lālā, e loaʻa ana i kahi pale ma aneʻi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino me nā kiko keʻokeʻo: nui lākou ma ka ʻōpū, a liʻiliʻi ma ka hope. I kekahi manawa (maʻamau ma nā ʻaoʻao) pani kēia mau kiko, huli i keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a 10 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole nānā ʻia nā māka keʻokeʻo i nā dia a pau, a i kekahi manawa (ma muli o ke kau ʻana o ka hulu hipa) nalo lākou a hiki i ka poʻe i hōʻike iā lākou i ke kau. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka lauoho ma ke kino mai 5 a 7 cm.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo nā dia sika (i ke pio a me ke kūlohelohe) ʻaʻole wale nā hoa me nā dia ʻulaʻula, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā keiki kūpono. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke keʻa e nā mākua waena, akā like ke ʻano o waho me ka dia sika.
ʻO Sika dia nohona nohona
Pili nā holoholona i nā panalāʻau pākahi. Hānai nā Single ma nā wahi o 100-200 hectares, kahi kāne me ka wahine he 4-5 mau wahine (i ka wā o ka rut) pono he 400 hectares, a he 14,000 mau poʻo e uhi i kahi ʻāpana a hiki i 900 hectares. I ka hopena o ke kau moʻo, hana nā kāne kāne makua i mau hui liʻiliʻi. I nā kau wahine, heterosexual ʻōpio ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 mau makahiki e ola nei. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā pua i ka hoʻoilo, keu hoʻi i nā makahiki huahana.
I ke kauwela, ʻimi nā dia sika i ka meaʻai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, i nā lā hoʻoilo e hana pū kekahi lākou, akā paʻakikī lākou i ka waiho ʻana i ko lākou mau moena i ka hau, e hūnā ana i nā kihi ākea o ka ulu lāʻau. Hōʻike lākou i kahi holo wikiwiki lōʻihi i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo i ka nele o ka hau, lele lele maʻalahi ma luna o nā kiʻekiʻe (a i 1,7 m) mau mea kūpale. ʻO ka uhi kiʻekiʻe o ka hau (mai 0.6 m a ʻoi aku) lilo i pōʻino maoli no ka dia. Hāʻule ka holoholona i ka mānoanoa o ka hau a hiki iā ia ke neʻe wale i ka lele ʻana, kahi e hōʻemi koke ai i kona ikaika. ʻAʻohe ka neʻe ʻana o ka hau i ka neʻe wale nō, akā ʻo ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Heʻauʻau maikaʻi ke dia, uhi ʻo 10-12 km. Lawe ʻia ka wai i mea e ola ai mai nā gnats a me nā ticks, no laila, i ka wā hānau o nā parasite, hele mai nā holoholona i uka, kū i ka wai a i nā wahi i puhi maikaʻi ʻia e ka makani.
ʻO ke dia Sika, e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia e nā zoologists, he ʻano o nā neʻe kau.
Wā ola
I ka nahele hihiu, noho ka dia ma mua o 11-14 mau makahiki, e make ana i nā maʻi, nā mea wao nahele nui, ka pōloli, nā pōpilikia a me nā mea ʻinoʻino.... I nā māla antler a me nā zoo, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā dia sika i 18-21 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine ʻoi aku ka nui (ma hope o 15 mau makahiki) hānau nā keiki bipi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I ka wā ma mua loa, ua noho nā dia sika ma ka hikina hikina o Kina, Vietnam ʻĀkau, Iāpana, Kōlea a me Taiwan. Ma Kina, ua luku ʻia kēia mau mea nani, akā ua noho lākou ma Asia Hikina (mai ka moku ʻo Ussuri a i North Vietnam a me kekahi mau mokupuni e pili pū ana). Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻolauna ʻia nā dia sika i Nu Kilani.
I ko mākou ʻāina, loaʻa kēia mau artiodactyls ma ka hema o ka Hikina hikina: ʻo ka pae i ʻoi aku ma waho o Lūkia i ke Kōlea Korea a i ke komohana i Manchuria. I nā makahiki 40 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā dia sika a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i kekahi mau waihona Soviet.
- Ilmensky (kokoke iā Chelyabinsk);
- Khopersky (kokoke i Borisoglebsk);
- ʻO Mordovsky (ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Arzamas);
- Buzuluk (kokoke iā Buzuluk);
- Oksky (hikina o Ryazan);
- ʻO Teberda (North Caucasus).
- Kuibyshevsky (Zhiguli).
ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā aʻa i nā aʻa wale i ka mālama hope loa, akā ua noho lākou ma nā wahi hou ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ma ka moku ʻo Moscow, kahi kokoke iā Vilnius, Armenia a me Azerbaijan.
Mea nui! I ka Teritori Primorsky, makemake ka dia i nā ululāʻau ʻoka-deciduous me ka ulu nui, emi pinepine ka noho ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau kedera (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5 km) a nānā ʻole i ka taiga coniferous cedar-dark.
Noho ʻo dia Sika ma nā pali hema a hema hikina o nā kualono kahakai me ka hau liʻiliʻi, kahi i kū ʻole ai ka hau ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule, ʻoiai ua holoi ʻia e nā ua. He ʻāina kolohe ko ka ʻāina punahele me nā kahawai he nui... ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā wahine, ʻokoʻa i nā kāne makua, noho kokoke i ke kai a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ma nā pali.
Papaʻai Sika dia
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia mau artiodactyls he mau mea kanu wale nō - ma kahi o 130 mau lā ma ka Hikina Hikina a ʻekolu manawa hou aku (390) ma ka hema o Lūkia, a ma kāna ʻāpana ʻEulopa hoʻi. Ma Primorye a me East Asia, helu nā kumulāʻau / kumulāʻau ma kahi o 70% o ka papaʻai. Maʻaneʻi, hoʻomalu ʻia ka hānai reindeer e:
- ʻoka (acorns, buds, lau, pihi a me nā wana);
- linden and Manchu aralia;
- Nā hua waina Amur a me ka veleveta Amur;
- acanthopanax a lespedeza;
- lehu a me Manchurian wōnati;
- maple, elm, sedge a me ka umbrella.
ʻAi nā holoholona i ka ʻili i ka hapa lua o ka hoʻoilo, ke hāʻule ka hau he nui. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā lālā o willow, cherry manu, chozenia a me alder.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻopili ka dia i nā lau a me nā acorn mai lalo o ka hau (me ka uhi o ka uhi a 30-50 cm). I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai pū ʻia ka zostera a me ka kelpa, kahi e hoʻohana wale ʻia ai ma ke kāhulu ʻana i ke kauwela. Hōʻale pinepine ka dia i nā laikini arboreal.
Hele ʻo dia Sika i nā liko paʻakai a me nā puna wai mineral (pumehana), aliki liki, lehu, ʻiliʻili a me nā kukama kai, a inu i ka wai kai i kekahi manawa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kā Reindeer, akā ʻo ka hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā holoholona i hana ʻia e nā ʻīlio hae ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mākaʻi ʻē aʻe kekahi ka mea e hewa ai ka make ʻana o nā dia sika makua:
- ʻ Wolflio ʻulaʻula;
- lynx;
- Leopadi hikina loa;
- Tigera Amur;
- ʻīlio auwana.
Eia hou, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā dia e ulu nei e ka pōpoki nahele o ka Wao Hikina, alopeke, bea a me ka harza.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I Lazovsky Nature Reserve (Primorye) hoʻomaka ke kumu o nā dia sika i Kepakemapa / ʻOkakopa a pau ma 5-8 Nowemapa... I loko o kahi makahiki hua no nā acorn, nā pāʻani hoʻokani (kahi i ʻae ʻia nā kāne i hōʻea i ka 3-4 mau makahiki o ka makahiki) ʻoi aku ka hana. Hū nā kāne mākua i nā kakahiaka a me nā ahiahi, e kiʻi i nā harem liʻiliʻi (3-4 "wahine" i kēlā me kēia) a ʻike ʻia e lilo ke kaupaona, e lilo ana i ka hapaha o ko lākou kaumaha. ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne kāne, ʻokoʻa ka dia ʻulaʻula, kākaʻikahi loa.
He 7.5 mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana, a ʻo ke kōkua mai ke kaumaha ma waena o Mei (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hopena o ʻApelila a Iune paha). Kākaʻikahi loa nā māhoe ma nā dia sika: ʻo ka hapanui o nā dia hānau hoʻokahi keiki bipi.
Mea nui! I nā māla antler, hana ʻia ka rutting / calving ma hope o nā dia hihiu ma Primorye. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, uhi ka mea hoʻohua ikaika ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelima, a ʻoi pinepine 10-20 mau wahine.
Paona nā kāne hānau hou i ka 4.7-7.3 kg, nā wahine - mai 4.2 a 6.2 kg. I nā lā mua, nāwaliwali lākou a moe ʻaneʻane i nā manawa āpau i ka hānai ʻana o ko lākou mau makuahine ma kahi kokoke. Hiki i nā Cub ke hānai iā lākou iho ma hope o 10-20 mau lā, akā hānai lākou i ka waiū o ko lākou makuahine no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i 4-5 mau mahina. ʻAʻole lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka puna aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Me ka molt mua o ka hāʻule, nalowale nā keiki bipi i kā lākou ʻaʻa ʻōpio.
Ma ka mahina 10 ma ke poʻo o nā kāne ʻōpio (3.5 cm) "paipu" haki, a i ʻApelila e ʻike ʻia nā pepeiaohao mua, ʻaʻole naʻe e lālā. Hōʻaʻahu nā kāne ʻōpio iā lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, e hoʻokahe ana iā Mei / Iune o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana e kiʻi i nā antlers (antlers) velvety branched.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka heluna o nā dia sika ahiu i ka nui i hala i ke kenekulia i hala. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hunter extermination i haʻi ʻia ma luna o kēia mau ungulate ma muli o kā lākou ʻili nani a me nā ʻoniʻoni. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe:
- hoʻomohala a me ke kua ʻana o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau;
- ke kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi hou i nā wahi dia;
- ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio he nui;
- nā maʻi lele a me ka pōloli.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā holoholona me ka ulu ʻana o nā mahiʻai hoʻoulu hua antler, ʻaʻole i ʻike nā limahana i ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona i ka wā mua, no ka mea ua make nui nā dia.... I kēia mau lā ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā dia sika ahiu ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau i ka pae kau kānāwai. ʻO nā holoholona (i ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻane ʻane make) i hoʻopili ʻia ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation a me ka International Red Book.
I Lūkia, ke manaʻo nei lākou e hoʻokuʻu i ka reindeer ma nā mokupuni kokoke iā Vladivostok. ʻO kēia ka hana mua i ka acclimatization hou o nā ungulate i kēlā mau wahi o Primorye kahi i loaʻa ai lākou ma mua, akā ua nalowale.
