ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau loa a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā mōneka paʻa hau paʻa loa e noho nei i ka Land of the Rising Sun. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka laha he Japanese macaque (ʻaʻole macaque, e like me kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai).
Ka wehewehe o ka macaque Iapana
I kēia lā, ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka macaque Iapana, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana mōneka.... ʻO kēia nā Macaca fuscata yakui (me nā kumu oval-like me nā maka oval) e noho wale ana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Yakushima a me nā Macaca fuscata fuscata (me nā kumu maka pōʻai), e noho ana i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
Helehelena
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā makika ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha o nā mōneka Kepani. Ulu nā kāne a kokoke i kahi mika (0.8-0.95 m), e loaʻa ana i 11 kg. ʻOi aku ka pōkole a me ka māmā o nā wahine (ʻo ka awelika ke kaumaha ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma 9 kg). ʻO ka ʻumiʻumi a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, ke ʻano o nā kāne ʻelua, mai hoʻopilikia i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻoiai ua haʻi waha ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe.
I ka hoʻoilo, kākoʻo ʻia ka huluhulu lōʻihi e kahi undercoat mānoanoa e ulu ana. Loaʻa nā lauoho lōʻihi loa ma nā poʻohiwi, forelegs a me hope, ʻoiai nā lauoho pōkole loa i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma. Waihoʻoluʻu ka hulu i nā ʻano like ʻole: mai ka hina-uliuli a i ka hina hina a me ka ʻoliva me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ka hope a me nā lālā.
Kau ʻia nā pio superciliary ma luna o nā maka, ʻoi aku ka ʻono o nā kāne. ʻO ka wahi hoʻomohala loa o ka lolo ka cerebral cortex.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻolālā nui ʻia ka hihiʻo o ka macaque (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe) a ʻano like loa me ko ke kanaka. He stereoscopic ia: kuhi ka moʻo i ka mamao a ʻike i kahi kiʻi ʻekolu-dimensional.
He ʻeke papalina ko ka macaque Iapana - ʻelua mau ulu o loko i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka waha e kau ana i ka auwae. ʻElima mau manamana o nā lālā, kahi e kūʻē ai ka manamana nui i ke koena. ʻO kēlā pālima e ʻae iā ʻoe e paʻa i nā mea āpau a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻoponopono iā lākou.
Heʻuʻuku nā callch ischial o ka macaque Iāpana (ʻano like me nā ʻīlio āpau), a ʻaʻole ulu ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o 10 cm. Ke oʻo nei ka makika, ʻili kona ʻili māmā (ma ka waha a kokoke i ka huelo) a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi.
ʻO ke ola, ʻano
Ke hana nei nā macaque Kepani i ka lā, e ʻimi nei i nā meaʻai i kā lākou wahi punahele ma nā hā... Noho pinepine nā wahine i nā kumulāʻau, a hele hewa pinepine nā kāne ma ka honua. Hāʻawi nā wā o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻohana no ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi me nā macaques, ka ʻalalā a me ka nau ʻana i nā lako papalina.
ʻO ka pinepine, i ko lākou wā leʻaleʻa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā holoholona i ka huluhulu o ko lākou ʻohana. Hana kēia ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hana 2, hygienic a me ka pilikanaka. I ka hihia hope, kūkulu nā macaque a hoʻoikaika i nā pilina ma waena o ka hui. No laila, lōʻihi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka hulu o ka mea nui, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mahalo kūikawā a, i ka manawa like, ke manaʻo nei e kākoʻo iā ia i kahi hanana hakakā.
Pilikia
Hoʻokumu nā macaque Kepanī i kahi kaiāulu (10-100 mau kānaka) me kahi panalāʻau paʻa, alakaʻi ʻia e kahi kāne nui, ʻaʻohe like ʻole o ka ikaika e like me ka ʻike. Hiki ke kaʻapuni o ke kāne alpha i ka manawa o kona make a i ʻole ke wāwahi o ka hui mua i ʻelua. Hana ʻia ke koho a ke alakaʻi e ka wahine nui a i ʻole nā wahine i pili i ke koko a me nā pili kaiaulu.
Aia kekahi papahana subordination / domination ma waena o nā wahine, a ua hoʻololi ʻia e lilo nā kaikamahine i ke kūlana o ko lākou makuahine. Hoʻohui, ʻo nā kaikuahine ʻōpio kahi kiʻekiʻe i mua o nā kaikuahine.
ʻO nā kaikamahine, ke ulu nei nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou mau makuahine, ʻoiai ke haʻalele nei nā keikikāne i ka ʻohana, e hana ana i nā hui laepua. I kekahi manawa hoʻohui lākou i nā hui i waho o ka hui me nā wahine, akā noho i kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa ma aneʻi.
Nā hōʻailona kani
ʻO ka macaque Iapana ma ke ʻano he pilina pilikino e pono e kamaʻilio mau me nā ʻohana a me nā ʻīlio ʻē, no ia mea e hoʻohana ana i kahi arsenal o nā kani, nā ʻōuli a me nā helehelena.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā Zoologists i nā ʻano huaʻōlelo waha he 6, e ʻike nei he ʻoluʻolu ka hapalua o lākou.
- maluhia;
- pēpē;
- ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo;
- pale pale;
- i ka wā estrus;
- hōʻeuʻeu.
Hoihoi ia! Ke neʻe nei i loko o ka ululāʻau a i ka wā o ka pāʻina ʻai, hana nā macaque Kepani i nā kani kikoʻī e kōkua i nā lālā o ka hui e hoʻoholo i ko lākou wahi.
Hiki i ke aʻo ʻana
Ma 1950, ua hoʻoholo nā meaolaola ma ke Kulanui o Tokyo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā macaqu e noho nei. ʻO Kosima, i ka uala (ʻuala), e lūlū ana ma ka honua. I ka 1952, ua ʻai mua lākou i ka ʻuala, kāhili i ke one a me ka lepo me kā lākou mau wāwae, a hiki i ka holo ʻana o ka Imo wahine he 1.5 mau makahiki i ka ʻuala i ka wai o ka muliwai.
Ua kope ʻia kāna ʻano e kona kaikuahine a me kona makuahine, a ma 1959, 15 o 19 mau macaque ʻōpio a me 2 mau ʻīlio makua makua mai ka ʻumikūmākahi e holoi ana i nā tubers i ka muliwai. I ka makahiki 1962, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻamau o ka holoi ʻuala ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i nā macaque a pau o Iapana, koe wale no nā mea i hānau ʻia ma mua o 1950.
I kēia manawa hiki i nā macaque Iapana ke holoi i ka palaoa i kāwili ʻia me ke one: hoʻolei lākou i ka wai i loko o ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea like ʻelua. Me kēia, ua aʻo nā macaques i ka hana ʻana i nā kinipōpō hau. Hōʻike nā meaolaola ʻo ia ka mea e sila ai i ka meaʻai i ka hau, kahi a lākou e ʻahaʻaina ai ma hope.
Wā ola
I ke kūlohelohe, ola nā macaque Kepanī i 25-30 mau makahiki, i ke pio ʻana - ʻoi aku... Ma nā mea e pili ana i ke ola, noho mua nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne: ola ka mea mua (ma ka awelika) 32 mau makahiki, ʻo ka hope - ma kahi o 28 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Uhi ka pae kūlohelohe o ka macaque Iapana i ʻekolu mau mokupuni - Kyushu, Shikoku a me Honshu.
Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Yakushima, ka hema loa ma ka pae ʻāina o nā mokupuni Kepani, ʻo Macaca fuscata yakui, kahi ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa o macaaca. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia heluna ma ke ʻano o kā lākou mau maka maka a me nā hulu pōkole, akā i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e hele mai e ʻike i nā ʻakaʻaka paʻa paʻa i kapa mau lākou iā lākou he mau hau hau.... ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻololi lōʻihi nā holoholona i ka hau (ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi o 4 mau mahina o ka makahiki) a me ke anuanu, ke mālama ʻia ka mahana maʻamau ma kahi o -5 ° C.
No ka hoʻopakele iā lākou iho mai ka hypothermia, iho nā macaqu i nā punawai wela. ʻO ka hemahema wale nō o ia ʻano hoʻomehana ka huluhulu hulu, i paʻa i ke anuanu ke haʻalele i ke kumu. A pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka "ʻauʻau" mehana no kahi meaʻai māmā mau.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hele mai nā macaques me kahi ala i waho, e waiho ana i kekahi mau "mea lawelawe" i ka ʻāina, e lawe mai ana i ka ʻaina awakea i ka poʻe e noho ana i nā puna. Eia kekahi, hānai nā mea mākaʻikaʻi aloha i nā mōneka basking.
ʻAʻole i noho wale ʻo Snow macaques i nā ululāʻau Kepanī a pau mai nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a i nā subtropics, akā ua komo pū nō hoʻi ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau.
I ka makahiki 1972, ua lawe mai kekahi o nā mahiʻai i nā makika he 150 i kāna pā holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a he mau makahiki i hala aku ua loaʻa kahi puka i loko o ka pā a holo akula. ʻO kēia kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai kahi heluna kūʻokoʻa o nā macaques Iapana ma ka panalāʻau o Texas.
I Iapana, ʻike ʻia kēia mau mōʻī he waiwai aupuni a palekana ʻia i ka pae mokuʻāina.
Mea ʻai macaque Kepani
ʻO kēia laha primata pau ʻole i ka ʻai a ʻaʻohe ona makemake gastronomic. Kuhi ka poʻe Zoologists aia ma kahi o 213 mau mea kanu i kanu koke ʻia e nā macaque Kepani.
Aia ka papa kuhikuhi mōneka (ʻoiai ma ke kau anuanu):
- nā wana a me ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau;
- lau a me nā rhizome;
- nā nati a me nā huaʻai;
- crustacean, iʻa a molluscs;
- nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi a me nā kolo;
- hua manu;
- ʻōpala meaʻai.
Inā he nui nā meaʻai, hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā ʻeke papalina e hoʻopiha iā lākou i ka meaʻai i ka mālama. Ke hiki mai ka wā ʻaina awakea, noho nā ʻīlio e hoʻomaha a lawe i nā meaʻai i hūnā ʻia i ko lākou papalina, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka hana muscular maʻamau ka hemahema a hāpai nā mōneka i ko lākou mau lima e ʻūlū i nā lako mai ka ʻeke i loko o kā lākou waha.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ke ʻai nei, ukali nā macaque i kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka alakaʻi e ʻai mua, a laila ʻo ka poʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Kupaianaha, ʻo nā mea ʻai maikaʻi loa e hele i nā makika me ke kūlana haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka wā e hānau ai, pili nā macaque Kepanī i ka manawa i haʻi ʻia, kahi mea e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona ʻino. Hoʻonui ʻia ka wā hānau ma waena o Malaki a Kepakemapa.
Ua oʻo kolohe nā wahine ma kahi o 3.5 mau makahiki, nā kāne i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ma 4.5 mau makahiki... Manaʻo ʻia ka noho ʻana he pae nui: i kēia manawa, nānā pono nā wahine i kā lākou mau hoa, koho i nā mea ʻike a ikaika hoʻi.
ʻO ka alakaʻi o nā mea āpau e uhi i nā wahine wahine nui, a ʻo ke koena o nā wahine e male me nā kāne makua moekolohe o ke kūlana haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole e pane i nā kuleana o nā hoʻopiʻi ʻōpio. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hope (i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi hoaaloha ma ka ʻaoʻao) haʻalele pinepine i kā lākou hui ʻōiwi, akā hoʻi pinepine i ka hoʻoilo.
I ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi mau kāne, noho pū nā mōneka no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o ka lā: ʻai lākou, hoʻomaha a moe kolohe. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana he 170-180 mau lā a hoʻopau me ka hānau hānau ʻana ma kekahi kihi hūnā ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka ʻohana.
No ka macaque Iāpana, ʻo ke keiki i ke ʻano o kahi bipi keiki hoʻokahi ke ʻano, hānau iki ʻole nā māhoe (1 hihia no 488 hānau). ʻO ke keiki hānau, ʻelua mau hola ma hope, ua paʻa paʻa i ka makuahine, he 0.5-0.55 kg ke kaumaha. I ka mahina mua, kau ka pēpē, hoʻopaʻa i ka huluhulu ma ka umauma, a laila neʻe i ke kua o ka makuahine.
Ke kali nei ka ʻohana nui āpau i ka hānau ʻana o kahi macaque liʻiliʻi, a hele mai nā wahine a hoʻopā iā ia ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomau ka mālama mau o nā kaikuahine a me nā ʻanakē i ka pēpē i kona wā makua, a lilo i mau nannies a me nā hoa pāʻani. Akā inā ʻinoʻino ka leʻaleʻa, pakele ke keiki mai iā lākou i nā lima o ka makuahine.
Ua ukuhi ʻia nā makaha ma 6-8 mau mahina, i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi paha (ma 2.5 mau makahiki), ke hāʻawi ʻole ka makuahine i kahi pēpē hou i kēia manawa. Ma ka ho'ōkiʻana i ka hānaiʻana, hoʻomau ka makuahine i ka mālama iā ia, mehana iā ia i nā pō anuanu a pale iā ia mai ka pilikia.
ʻO nā hopohopo nui no ka hāpai ʻana i kahi cub e hāʻule ma nā poʻohiwi o ka makua: ʻaʻole pili iki nā kāne i kēia kaʻina hana. ʻOiai ke aloha makuahine, kiʻekiʻe nā helu make o nā pēpē i nā macaque Iapana - 28.5%.
Hoihoi ia!ʻIke ʻia kahi macaque makua ma ke ʻano he lālā piha o ke kaiāulu ʻōpio ke piha ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, he nui nā mea ʻino o kēia mau primates. ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa ka ʻaeto kuahiwi, ʻīlio Wolf, hawk, raccoon, ʻīlio hānai a, auwe, nā kānaka ʻIke ʻia ma 1998 wale nō, ma kahi o 10 tausani macaque Kepani, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me nā mea mahiʻai mahiʻai, i hoʻopau ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia mau lā, pale ʻia ka macaque Iāpana, ʻaʻohe mea e ʻimi iā ia, akā naʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i loko o ka CITES II Convention, ka mea e kaohi ana i ke kūʻai aku ʻana o kēia mau moʻo. ʻO ka heluna nui o ka macaque Kepani ma kahi o 114.5 tausani.
