ʻO ka inoa lua o ka honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo - kekahi o nā honu kai nui loa - ʻo ia ka "sup" maikaʻi. ʻ saylelo pū kekahi poʻe he mea nui lākou i ka loaʻa kūleʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka New World, ka Caribbean: mai ka makahiki 15, ua hoʻomaka nā mea huakaʻi e ʻike i nā mea hou i ka luku nui ʻana o nā mea kolo.
Pepehi ʻia nā honu i loko o nā haneli i mea e hoʻopiha ai i kā lākou lako meaʻai, pipi a ninini ʻia, pinepine ukana wale ʻia i luna o ka moku e mālama i ka sup "kēne" hou i ka waihona. ʻO ka honu kuhukukū kahi kīʻaha mea ʻono mau nō. A aia nā honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka palena o ka luku ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāhui.
Ka wehewehe o ka honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO nā honu kai nui loa he nani loa i ko lākou kūlohelohe, ke ʻai lākou i ka wai kahakai i nā limu pākuʻu a ʻokiʻoki paha i ka wai me nā ʻūhā mua ikaika i hoʻolako ʻia me nā lau. ʻO kahi carapace nunui o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele a melemele paha i nā mākaki a pale iā lākou mai nā mea ʻino.
Helehelena
ʻO ka pūpū poepoe o kahi honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo he oval ke ʻano. I nā mākua, hiki i ka 2 mau mika ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau ka 70 - 100 cm. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka pūpū: he scute e pili ana kekahi me kekahi, he kala ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma luna, ua uhi ʻia me nā scutes a me kahi poʻo kihi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā maka me nā haumana poepoe e lawa ka nui a me ke ʻano ʻalemona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAe nā manu kuhukukū e ʻauʻau a neʻe i ka ʻāina, he māiʻu ko kēlā me kēia lālā.
ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi kanaka 80-100 kg, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau ke kau ʻia ʻana o 200 kg. Akā ʻo ke kaupaona o ka honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo he 400 a ʻoi hoʻi he 500 kilokilo. Aia ke kala o ka pūpū i ka wahi a ka honu i hānau a ulu ai. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i lepo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole brown, me nā kiko melemele kaulike ʻole. Akā ʻo ka ʻili a me ka momona e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma lalo o ka pūpū mai loko mai he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, mahalo i nā kīʻaha mai nā honu kekahi i kahi ʻono kūikawā.
Hana, nohona nohona
ʻAʻohe noho iki nā kuhukukū i nā kolone, makemake lākou i kahi nohona kaʻawale. Akā no kekahi mau kenekulia he mea pohihihi nā mea noiʻi e ka hanana o nā honu kai, e kuhikuhi pono iā lākou iho i nā ʻaoʻao o nā kahawai o ka hohonu o ke kai, hiki ke ʻākoakoa ma kekahi o nā kahakai i kekahi lā i mea e waiho ai nā hua.
Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kahakai a lākou e kiko ai, ma laila lākou e waiho ai i kā lākou mau hua, ʻoiai inā lākou e lanakila i nā kaukani mau kilomita.
Kū ʻole ka honu kai, paulele, hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i ke kahakai, kahi i hiki ʻole ai ka hohonu a 10 mika... Ma ʻaneʻi e iho ai lākou i ka ʻili o ka wai, hiki ke hele i waho e hoʻomālamalama i ka lā, a ʻai i ka limu. Hanu nā honu me ko lākou mau māmā, hanu iā ia i kēlā me kēia 5 mau minuke mai ka papa honua.
Akā i kahi hoʻomaha a hiamoe paha, ʻaʻole e kū mai nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo no kekahi mau hola. Nā forelimbs ikaika - nā peʻa, e like me nā hoe, kōkua iā lākou e neʻe me ka wikiwiki a 10 mile i kēlā me kēia hola, no laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā kuhukukū maikaʻi i nā kuhukukū ʻino.
Pālehu ʻia mai nā hua manu, holo kiki nā pēpē i ke one a hiki i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe āpau ke kiʻi i ka laina heʻe nalu, ʻoiai nā manu, nā mea ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea kolo a me nā mea kolo e ʻimi i nā ʻāpana me nā pūpū palupalu. Hōʻike nā keiki ma kahakai i ka mea pio maʻalahi, akā ʻaʻole palekana lākou i ka wai.
No laila, nā makahiki mua o ke ola, a hiki i ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka pūpū, hoʻolilo nā honu i ka hohonu o ke kai, e hoʻomoe pono iā lākou iho. I kēia manawa, hānai wale lākou i ka meaʻai mea kanu, akā, i ka jellyfish, plankton, molluscs, crustacean.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka honu kahiko, ʻo ka pili loa i ke kahakai makemake lākou e noho. Hoʻololi iki ka papaʻai, e lilo ana i "vegetarian".
Ma mua o 10 "kolone" o nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ʻike ʻia i ka honua, he ʻano ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia. Ke auwana mau nei kekahi, e ukali ana i nā kahe mahana, hiki i kekahi i ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou wahi maoli, "basking" i ka lua kai.
Koho kekahi mau ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo e noho ana i kekahi latitu. ʻO kēia ka mea i hana ʻia me nā honu Australia.
Wā ola
ʻO ka weliweli loa no nā kuhukukū nā makahiki mua, kahi o nā pēpē e pale pale ʻole ai. ʻAʻole mālama ka nui o nā kuhukukū i ke ola a hiki i kekahi mau hola e kiʻi i ka wai. Eia naʻe, ke loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūpū paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ʻole o nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ko lākou kūlohelohe he 70-80 mau makahiki. I ka paʻa pio ʻana, emi iki kēia mau honu, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hana hou i ko lākou wahi maoli.
Nā lālā honu
He ākea a palahalaha ka honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻAkelanika, makemake ʻo ia e noho i ke kahakai kahakai o ʻAkau ʻAmelika, a loaʻa pū kekahi ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai ʻEulopa.
Noho ke kai hikina o ka Pākīpika, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma ke kahakai o Kaleponi, Chile, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kahakai o Alaska. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea e kahi carapace ʻeleʻele a lōʻihi hoʻi (ʻeleʻele a melemele).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka Moana Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika, nā wai kai pāhū a me nā kai subtropical kahi home o nā honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā iā lākou ma Holland, a ma kekahi mau wahi o UK, a me nā panalāʻau o ʻApelika Hema. E like me nā kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole haʻalele nā mea kolo i ka ʻaoʻao kahakai o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoiai i kēia manawa aia ka hapa nui o kēia mau kai kai kupaianaha. Aia nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kapakai o ʻAukekulia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi hohonu a 10 mau mika, ka wai hoʻomehana maikaʻi, kahi nui o nā limu a me kahi papa pōhaku - ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e huki ai i nā kuhukukū, hoʻonani i kahi a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o nā moana o ka honua.
I nā pali pōhaku, hūnā lākou mai ka poʻe alualu, hoʻomaha, lilo nā ana i home no lākou no hoʻokahi makahiki a mau makahiki paha... Ma hea lākou e noho ai a ʻai ai, e neʻe ana mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi, alakaʻi ʻia e nā instincts, mea e hoʻi hou ai i kā lākou kahakai kamaʻāina, kahi e alualu ai kahi alualu kolohe iā lākou. He ʻauʻauʻau maikaʻi nā honu ʻaʻole makaʻu i kahi mamao, nā poʻe aloha huakaʻi nui.
Ke ʻai nei ka honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻIke iki i nā kuhukukū māmā, ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā inikua kahiko, e hoʻāʻo a hiki i ka hohonu. Ma laila, ma waena o nā pākako, nā kahakai kai, kahi nui o nā limu, ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei lākou e kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻai i ko lākou kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina a me ka wai. Hoʻonui ka ulu ulu i ka ʻūlū ʻana ʻaʻole wale nā lau nahele wale nō, akā me nā molluscs, jellyfish, crustacean. ʻAno ʻoluʻolu nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpio a me nā ilo
Ma hope o 7-10 mau makahiki, paʻakikī ka pūpū palupalu, lilo i mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī no nā manu a me nā iʻa predatory he nui e hele i ka ʻiʻo momona. No laila, holo honu nā kuhukukū me ka makaʻu ʻole a kokoke i ke kahakai, i ka wai i wela ʻia e ka lā a me nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, ʻaʻole wale ka wai, akā ʻo kahakai kekahi. I ka manawa e oʻo oʻo ai nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻololi loa lākou e kanu i nā meaʻai, a noho mau i nā mea ʻai a hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule.
ʻO nā honu thalassia a me nā zostera makemake nui ʻia, ʻo nā mānoanoa mānoanoa o ka hohonu o 10 mau mika i kapa pinepine ʻia nā wahi hānai. Mai hōʻole nā kolo mai kelp. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou kokoke i ke kahakai i ke kai kiʻekiʻe, me ka leʻaleʻa e lawe i nā mea kanu terrestrial lush.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Lilo nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka moekolohe ma hope o 10 mau makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka moekolohe o kahi ola kai ma mua. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kāne o nā mea ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā wahine, pālahalaha ka pūpū. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka huelo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā keikikāne, hiki i 20 cm.
Hana ʻia ka male ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka wai... Mai Ianuali a ʻOkakopa, hoʻolohe nā wahine a me nā kāne iā lākou iho ma ka hana ʻana i nā leo like ʻole e like me ke mele. Kaua kekahi mau kāne no ka wahine; hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke hoʻouluulu iā ia. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lawa kēia no hoʻokahi, akā no nā paʻa lima. He mau hola ka male ʻana.
Hele lōʻihi ka wahine i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi, e lanakila ana i nā mile he mau mile e kiʻi i nā kahakai palekana - nā pūnaewele pūnana, hoʻokahi wale nō i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki. Ma laila, ua puka i waho o ke kahakai i ka pō, ʻeli ka honu i kahi lua o ke one ma kahi mehameha.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia pūnana ma kahi mehana maikaʻi, waiho ʻo ia i 100 mau hua, a laila hiamoe me ke one a pae i ka lepo i ʻole e lilo ka keiki i mau moʻo no ka moʻo, nā moʻo a me nā manu.
I hoʻokahi kau wale nō, hiki i kahi honu makua ke hana i nā paʻa 7, e loaʻa ana kēlā me kēia mea mai 50 a 100 mau hua. E luku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pūnana, ʻaʻole nā pēpē āpau e ʻike i ka mālamalama.
Ma hope o 2 mau mahina a me kekahi mau lā (incubation o nā hua manu kuhukukū - mai 60 a 75 mau lā), e luku ka honu liʻiliʻi me ko lākou mau maiuu i ka pūpū o ka hua manu a hele i luna. Pono lākou e uhi i kahi mamao a 1 km e hoʻokaʻawale nei iā lākou mai ka wai kai salutary. Aia ia i nā wahi pūnana kahi e noho ai nā manu, kahi e ʻimi nei i nā pēpē hou i pāpale ʻia, no laila ke kakali nei nā pilikia he nui i ke ala o nā kuhukukū.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wai, ʻaʻole ʻauʻau wale nā keiki ma kā lākou iho, akā hoʻohana pū i nā mokupuni o nā mea kanu wai, pili iā lākou a i ʻole piʻi i luna loa, ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā. I ka makaʻu iki, luʻu nā honu a dexterous a hele koke i ka hohonu. Kūʻokoʻa nā pēpē mai ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana a ʻaʻole pono ka mālama makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hiki i nā makahiki he 10, aia nā honu ma nā wahi āpau i kahi makaʻu. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i waiwai pio no nā iʻa ʻaihue, nā limu, komo i loko o nā niho o kahi manō, nūnū, a me nā crustacea nui e ʻoliʻoli iā lākou me ka leʻaleʻa. Akā i nā honu makua ʻaʻohe ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe, hiki wale nō ke paʻakikī lākou no nā manō, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke koena o kona iwi. No laila, no ka millennia, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o kēia mau kamaʻāina i hiki ke luku i nā mākua.
ʻO ke ola o kēia laha ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ke kanaka... ʻAʻole wale kaʻiʻo, akā ʻo nā hua pū kekahi i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono, a lilo ka pūpū ikaika i mea maikaʻi no nā mea hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻomaka ai lākou e luku i nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā nui. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i hala, kani ke kani o ka ʻepekema i ka wā a lākou i ʻike ai aia nā manu kuhukukū e kokoke ana i ka make.
He manaʻo no ke kanaka
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻai honu ʻono, nā hua manu kuhukukū ʻono a olakino hoʻi, ʻai ʻia ka paʻakai, maloʻo a ʻono hoʻi i nā hale ʻaina maikaʻi loa me he mea lā momona. I loko o nā makahiki o ka noho ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāina hou, ua hiki i nā luina he haneli ke ola e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā honu kai. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe pehea e mahalo ai, luku barbaric no nā kenekulia i kēia lā e koi i ka lāhui e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua helu ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ka Red Book a pale ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua huakaʻi nā kaukani i nā kahakai kahi i waiho ai nā hua manu kuhukukū i mau kenekulia... I kēia manawa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Midway, no ka laʻana, kanahā mau wahine wale nō e kūkulu nei i nā hale pale no nā pēpē. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke kūlana ma nā kahakai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu, mai ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻomaka ka hana e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma aneane i nā ʻāina āpau kahi e noho ai kēia mau holoholona.
Hoihoi ia! Ua helu ʻia nā honu i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula, pāpā ʻia ʻole e hoʻokō i nā hana i nā wahi pūnana, e ʻimi iā lākou a loaʻa nā hua.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ke hoʻokokoke iā lākou i nā mālama wai kokoke i 100 mau mika. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia i loko o nā incubator, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kuhukuku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā wai palekana ke ikaika lākou. I kēia lā, hōʻike ka helu o nā honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻaʻole e nalo ka laha mai ke alo o ka Honua.
