I kēia manawa, aia ʻelua mau ʻano desman: Lūkia a me Pyrenean. ʻO ka Lūkini desman ma nā ʻano he holoholona kū hoʻokahi i hana maikaʻi ma ka Honua no 30 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o kā mākou desman ma mua o ka Pyrenean.
I kēia hihia, e nānā mākou i ka desman Lūkini. E like me ma mua, a i ko mākou manawa, ke ʻano o kēia holoholona hūnā, like me ka ʻiole a no ka ʻohana mole, ʻaʻole i loli nui no kona hiki kupaianaha e kūkulu i nā lua hohonu.
Hōʻike Desman
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o ka desman kahi ihu lōʻihi e like me ke kumu, nā wāwae me nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae, kahi huelo mana, uhi ʻia me nā unahi kaha ʻoʻoleʻa, a ka holoholona e hoʻohana ai ma ke ʻano hoe. Hoʻomoe ʻia ke kino o ka Russian desman (hohuli) a me he mea lā ua hana ʻia no kahi ola hana ma ka ʻāina a ma ka wai, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona, pouli ke kua.
Kēia kala o ka holoholona hana ia unobtrusive i loko o ka aquatic puni.... Mānoanoa loa kaʻaʻahu a ʻaʻole pulu, no ka mea hoʻomaʻū mau ka holoholona iā ia me ka musk, i hana ʻia me ke kōkua o nā glands kūikawā. Inā ʻae ke kala o ka desman iā ia e uhi maka, a laila hāʻawi pinepine kahi ʻala ikaika iā ia.
Hoihoi ia! Nawaliwali loa ka ʻike a ka desman, akā ʻaʻole ia he kuleana nui i ko lākou nohona, a eia hoʻi, aneane pau loa ka uku ʻana o kēia hemahema i ke ʻano o ka pilau.
Hoʻolālā nui ʻia ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kēia holoholona, akā loaʻa mau kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia e lohe i nā kani leo nui, e like me ka kamaʻilio ʻana o ka poʻe, akā pane koke i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā lālā crunching a i ʻole ka wai pīpī ʻana. Hōʻike nā ʻepekema i kēia hiʻohiʻona e nā kūlana nohona.
Helehelena
He holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi mākua Lūkini desman ma kahi o 20 cm. Me ka ʻole o kahi huelo, like ia me ka lōʻihi like, uhi ʻia me nā unahi horny a me nā lauoho paʻakikī. ʻIke ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i kahi o 40 cm.
ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona ma kahi o 500 gram. He ihu hoʻoneʻe nui kā ka desman, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi koholā koʻikoʻi loa - he mea pono nui kēia i ka holoholona. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, e like me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili māmā i ulu ʻole me ka lauoho.
Hoihoi ia! Pōkole loa nā wāwae hope a me mua, me nā wāwae wāwae hope a me nā manamana wāwae e pili ana i ka webbing ʻana, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea hana maikaʻi loa no ka neʻe ʻana i lalo o ka wai. Maʻalahi ka ʻiʻo ʻoi loa e ʻeli i nā lua hohonu kahi e noho ai kēia mau holoholona.
Auila
Alakaʻi kēia mau holoholona i kahi nohona aquatic-terrestrial... Koho ka Lūkini desman i nā wahi e noho ai ma ke kahawai mālie o nā kahawai, backwaters a me nā loko. ʻEli lākou i nā lua - a he mau ʻenekini maoli kēia 10 m a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi, me nā ʻāpana a me nā lālā he nui.
ʻAe kēia i ka desman e mālama i nā lako meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai i nā wā wī, peʻe mai nā ʻenemi, a neʻe a puni e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau tunnels i ka hoʻoilo: pumehana lākou a aia kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai ka mea pio. Ma nā kahakai o nā waihona wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pūnaewele piha o nā tunnels o ka honua, nā wahi i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ke kolamu wai.
I ke kau wela, i ka wā e hiolo ai ka pae o ka wai, ʻike hohonu ka holoholona i nā lua hohonu, lawe hou iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai. He mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mau ʻano noho, ʻoiai he holoholona mālama nui lākou.
Ua aʻo nui nā mea hoʻoweliweli, nā mea ʻimi holoholona a me nā mea hōkai i kēia mau holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi nohona malū. No 30 miliona mau makahiki, ua aʻo ʻo desman e hūnā maikaʻi mai ka honua waho. Hāʻawi mau nō ko lākou wahi noho i nā koena o nā meaʻai, waiho lākou ma kahi kokoke i kā lākou lua. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻohana pono ai nā mea hōkai.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka desman
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, he mau holoholona nāwaliwali loa kēia, hoʻohuli ʻia ko lākou ola e nā kumu hoʻonāukiuki he nui loa: nā fluctuations i ka pae wai i nā waihona, nā mea ʻānai a me nā kānaka. No laila, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe ma mua o 3-4 mau makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! I nā kūlana kūpono o nā wahi holoholona a holoholona paha, ke komo ʻole ka desman a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli, hiki ke ola i nā makahiki he 5-6.
ʻO ia ke ola pōkole, nāwaliwali i nā kūlohelohe a me ka momona haʻahaʻa i nā ala he nui i hoʻoweliweli i kēia laha. He paʻakikī loa ia no nā cubman desman, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou kōkua a hiki i kekahi hanana ke hoʻopau i ko lākou ola. No laila, i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, pono i kahi keiki desman ka mālama kūikawā.
ʻĀpana, puʻunaue
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka desman Lūkia ma waena o Rūsia... Aia ko lākou wahi noho nui ma nā kahawai me nā kahawai nāwaliwali a i ʻole ke kokoke i nā kino wai kū ʻole. Maikaʻi loa inā uhi ʻia nā kapa o ia waihona wai me nā lau nahelehele, a ʻo ka lepo ka nui o nā pōhaku one a me nā loama. ʻO kēia nā kūlana kūpono loa no ka desman Lūkini.
Hoihoi ia! Noho pū lākou me nā beaver a kaʻana like me ka maluhia i nā wahi noho me lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he ʻano hoʻokūkū, a ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai, ʻaʻole hoihoi nā beaver iā lākou.
Ma mua, ua loaʻa pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā ululāʻau o ka Hikina a me kahi ʻāpana o ʻEulopa Komohana, i kēia manawa aia lākou i ka make o ka make a lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka pale o nā hui honua.
Meaʻai, khokhuli meaʻai
I ke kau mahana, mai Mei a ʻOkakopa, ʻo ka papaʻai nui o ka desman ka ʻenemi liʻiliʻi, nā larvae a me nā crustacean, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā leho a me nā mea ulu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hibernate kēia mau holoholona i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻiliʻili i nā hale kūʻai momona. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana me ka meaʻai no ka hohuli.
Ma ke ʻano he meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kahi rana hāhāhā, iʻa liʻiliʻi, a lilo i mea maʻalahi i kēia manawa, a me nā mollusks muliwai. ʻOno loa ka makemake o kēia mau holoholona, i kekahi manawa ua like ke kaupaona o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia me ke kaupaona o ka holoholona ponoʻī. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka paʻa o ke kelepona a he wikiwiki hoʻi ka metabolism.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Lawe pinepine ʻia nā keiki Desman i ka puna a me ka hopena o ke kau. Noho ka hapai ma kahi o ka hapalua mahina, a laila hiki i ka 5 cubs hānau, kahi kūʻokoʻa loa a kaupaona wale nō i ka 2-3 gram i kēlā me kēia - 250 mau manawa kēia ma mua o ka makua.
I ka pae mua, komo nā mākua ʻelua i kā lākou hānai ʻana a hānai ʻana. Ma hope o 6 mau mahina, kūʻokoʻa nā keiki a haʻalele i ko lākou mau mākua. I ka hiki ʻana i 11-12 mau mahina, lilo i mea hānau. ʻAʻole ola nā poʻe āpau i kēia pae, make ʻē aʻe kahi o nā keiki.
Hoihoi ia! Hele pū nā pāʻani kamaha o nā holoholona mālie me nā kani leo nui i hana ʻia e nā kāne a me nā mele leʻaleʻa o nā wahine. Aia nā hakakā ikaika loa ma waena o nā kāne no ka wahine, paʻakikī e manaʻo ʻia mai kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He holoholona nāwaliwali loa ʻo Desman, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book... Nui kona mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. He kāne nui kēia: poachers a me anthropogenic factor. ʻO nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio lākeke a me nā manu o nā mea pio ka weliweli nui nō hoʻi. I ka wā e kahe ana nā kahawai i ka wā puna, kū kēia mau holoholona i kahi weliweli ʻē aʻe mai nā iʻa predatory nui: catfish, pike and pike perch.
I kēia manawa, pololi loa lākou. Hana pinepine ia i kahawai nā lua wai desman a ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e pakele ai, a make ka hapa nui o lākou. ʻO nā hoalauna wale nō paha o kēia mau holoholona, ʻaʻohe mea e puka aʻe kahi pōpilikia, nā beaver.
Ka heluna kanaka, pale holoholona
I ke kenekulia 19, ua pepehi nui ʻia ʻo desman no kā lākou ʻili a me ka wai musky, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā meaʻala e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻaʻala. ʻO ia mau hana i alakaʻi ai i kahi emi nui o kā lākou heluna kanaka. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ke alakaʻi nei ka hohula i kahi nohona malū a he mea nui loa ka hālāwai ʻana me ia ma ka ʻāina.
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a nā koho loea o ka poʻe loea, ka lāhui desman i kēia lā ma kahi o 30 tausani kānaka. ʻAʻole kēia he waiwai koʻikoʻi, akā eia nō kēia helu ke palena palena.
Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka heluna holoholona e ka haumia a me ke kahe ʻana o nā kino wai, ka wao nahele o nā muliwai e ulu ana i nā kahawai, kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā wai a me nā wai wai, hoʻomohala i nā wahi hoʻomalu wai a me nā ʻupena lawaiʻa ākea, i loaʻa pinepine i desman
I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kūlana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka Lūkini desman (hochula) i loko o ka papa inoa o nā holoholona mai ka Red Book o Lūkia me ke kūlana o kahi ʻano relict ʻano laha ʻole, ka mea e emi nei nā helu. I kēia manawa aia he 4 mau waihona a ma kahi o 80 mau mālama, kahi o kēia holoholona ma lalo o ka nānā a nā ʻepekema.
Lawe ʻia nā hana hana e pale a pale i kēia mau holoholona a hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou helu... I ka makahiki 2000, ua hana ʻia kahi papahana kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo “E mālama kākou i ka Lūkini Desman”, kahi e loiloi ai i ka nui o desman a hoʻomohala i nā ana no ka mālama ʻana.
