He mea ʻawaʻawa kēlā me kēia rattlesnake, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke kaena i ka ʻiole huelo e hāʻawi i kona inoa i kēia subfamily ākea ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau ʻano.
Wehewehe
ʻO Rattlesnakes (i ke ʻano ākea o ka huaʻōlelo) komo pū kekahi o nā ʻohana i pili i ka ʻohana viper.... Hoʻonohonoho nā Herpetologists iā lākou ma ke ʻano o Crotalinae, i ka manawa like e kuhikuhi nei iā lākou me he mau ʻālina a i ʻole nā ʻāwaha lua (no ka mea he mau mea huli wela fossa, kanu ʻia ma waena o nā puka ihu a me nā maka).
ʻO Surukuku (ʻo lākou kekahi o nā bushmasters weliweli), nā keffiys o ka luakini, nā gakes, nā ʻāheu millet, nā moʻo, urutus, nā moʻo pahi ʻāpana ʻAmelika.
Hāpai kekahi o nā moʻokūʻauhau i ka inoa haʻaheo ʻo Crotalus - nā rattlesnakes maoli. Loaʻa i kēia genus he 36 mau ʻano, e laʻa me nā ʻāhue liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi, a me nā rattlesnakes rhombic (Crotalus adamanteus), a hiki i 2 a me ka hapa mika. Ma ke ala, he nui nā herpetologists e manaʻo i ka mea hope loa ʻo ia nā lālani kilika a nani hoʻi.
Helehelena nahesa
ʻOkoʻa nā moʻo poʻo poʻo i ka nui (mai 0.5 m a 3.5 m) a me ke kala, a ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻano polychrome kona. Hiki ke pena ʻia nā unahi ma aneane o nā kala o ke ānuenue - keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, kila, beige, emerald, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, melemele a me nā mea hou aʻe. ʻAʻole monochromatic kēia mau mea kolo, makaʻu i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā lauana a me nā kala hopu.
ʻO ke kumu nui e like me ka interweaving o nā kaha mānoanoa, nā kaha a i ʻole nā rhombus. I kekahi manawa, e like me ke ʻano o ka celebes keffiyeh, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ʻia ke kala nui (ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo) me nā kahakaha keʻokeʻo polū keʻokeʻo.
He poʻo wili ko Rattlesnakes, ʻelua canine elongated (ma kahi e hele ai ka lāʻau make) a me kahi rattle huelo i hana ʻia i nā keratinities kinikini.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole hoʻolako ʻia nā mea kolo āpau me nā lūlū - ʻaʻole lākou, no ka laʻana, i ka shitomordnikov, a me nā ʻāhiu hihi Katalin e noho nei. Santa Catalina (Gulf of California).
Pono kahi nahesa i kahi lepe huelo e hoʻoweliweli aku i nā ʻenemi, a hoʻomau ʻia kona ulu i loko o kona ola. Hōʻike ka mānoanoa ma ka hope o ka huelo ma hope o ka molt mua. I ka wā o ka moulting e hiki mai ana, pili nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili kahiko i kēia ulu ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ratchet kōkua.
Ke neʻe nei, ua nalowale nā apo, akā noho ka hapa nui o lākou e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he deterrent / warning tool. ʻO ka haʻalulu o kahi huelo i hāpai ʻia, kau ʻia me ka nake, e hōʻike ana ua hopohopo ka mea kolo a ʻoi aku ʻoe i waho o kāna ala.
Wahi a Nikolai Drozdov, like ke kani o nā apo haʻalulu i ka crackle i hana ʻia e kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni a hiki ke lohe ʻia i kahi mamao a 30 mau mika.
Wā ola
Inā ua noho nā ʻeʻe rattles i ka wā holoʻokoʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i kēia honua ma mua o 30 mau makahiki. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo kēia ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā poʻo pit i ke pio ʻana (i ka māʻona a me ka ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe). Ma ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki kēia mau mea kolo i iwakālua, a ʻo ka hapa nui e make i ka wā ma mua.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Wahi a nā herpetologists, kokoke i ka hapalua o nā rattlenakes (106 mau ʻano) e noho ana ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika a me kekahi mau (69 mau ʻano) ma Hikina Hema ʻo ʻAsia.
ʻO nā poʻo pit-hoʻokahi wale nō i komo i loko o nā hemispheres honua ua kapa ʻia ʻo shitomordniki... ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau he nui ka liʻiliʻi o lākou - ʻekolu wale nō ʻano. ʻElua (hikina a maʻamau shitomordniki) i loaʻa ma ka Hikina hikina o ko mākou ʻāina, ma Central Asia a me Azerbaijan. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Oriental ma Kina, Iapana a me Korea, nona ka poʻe i aʻo i ka kuke ʻana i nā ipu maikaʻi loa mai ka ʻiʻo nahesa.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nahesa maʻamau ma Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Mongolia a me Kina, a ʻike ʻia ka hunchback ma Sri Lanka a me India. Noho ka mace maʻalahi i ka Indochina Peninsula, Sumatra a me Java. Makemake ʻo Himalayan i nā kuahiwi, lanakila i nā piko a i 5 mau mika.
Ma ka Hemisphere Hikina, ola nā ʻano keffiys, ka mea ʻoi loa o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kamaʻāina ʻo Iāpana - kahi hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika hub. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo keffiyeh kuahiwi ma ka Indochina Peninsula a ma ka Himalayas, a me ka ʻohe - ma India, Nepal a me Pakistan.
Ma ka Hemisphere Komohana, aia kekahi mau kumu waina lua ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he botrops. ʻO nā nakeke nui loa ma Brazil, Paraguay a me Uruguay i manaʻo ʻia he ʻā wela, a ma Mekiko - urutu.
ʻO Rattlesnake nohona ola
ʻO ka Pit Heads kahi kaiāulu like ʻole i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā lālā ma nā wahi a pau mai nā wao akua a i nā mauna.... ʻO kahi laʻana, "hānai" ka nahesa wai i nā wahi kai, nā mauʻu pulu, nā kapa o nā loko wai a me nā kahawai, ʻoiai e makemake ana ka poʻe ʻelua o ka lāʻau ʻelua i ka ulu lāʻau tropical.
ʻAneʻane ʻole e iho kekahi mau rattlesnakes mai nā kumulāʻau, manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka hilinaʻi i ka honua, a ua koho kekahi i nā pōhaku.
Ma kahi ʻauinalā o ke awakea, hoʻomaha ka manu ʻāhi ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā kumu o nā lāʻau i hina, ma lalo o nā lau i hāʻule, ma nā kumu o nā ʻōpala a me nā lua i waiho ʻia e nā koʻokoʻo, e ikaika ana kokoke i ka pō. ʻO ka hana o ka pō ka mea maʻamau no ke kau wela: i nā kau anuanu, nāhelehe nā nāhesa i ke ao.
ʻO Chilly i ke kau anuanu, a me nā mea kolo hāpai hoʻi, e iho pinepine i ka lā.
Hoihoi ia! Nui nā ʻakehe i kū mau i ka mālama pono no nā makahiki i ka lua i koho ʻia, kahi e hoʻomau ai ka noho ʻana o kā lākou mau pua lehulehu. Ua hoʻoilina ʻia ʻo Nora no nā makahiki he ʻumi a he haneli.
I loko o kēlā lua ʻohana, noho nā kolone moʻo nui. ʻO ka puka mua, ka hopu holoholona, ka moena ʻana a me nā neʻe ʻana o ke kau ma kahi kokoke i ka lua. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano rattlenakes e hibernate i nā hui nui, e hoʻomehana ana kekahi i kekahi i ka wā o ka hibernation, ʻoiai e hoʻokaʻawale ana kekahi.
Meaʻai, hana
ʻO Rattlesnakes, ma ke ʻano he poʻe hoʻohālua hoʻohālua maʻamau, kū i kahi kūlana a kali i kā lākou mea pio e hele mai i loko o kahi mamao. ʻO ka hōʻailona o kahi hoʻouka kaua e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ka pio S o ka ʻāʻī, kahi e nānā aku ai ke poʻo o ka ʻenuhe i ka ʻenemi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolei e like me 1/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino nahesa.
E like me nā moonihoawa ʻē aʻe, hoʻouka nā ʻāpā lua i nā mea pio me ka lāʻau make ma mua o ka paʻa ʻana o ka choke. Hānai nui ʻo Rattlesnakes i nā holoholona mehana koko liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ma luna o lākou wale nō. ʻO ka papaʻai (e pili ana i ka wahi) loaʻa:
- ʻoki, me nā ʻiole, nā iole a me nā lāpaki;
- manu;
- he iʻa;
- rana;
- nā moʻo;
- nahesa uuku;
- nā mea kolo, e like me nā cicadas a me nā ʻenuhe.
Hoʻohana pinepine nā moʻo ʻōpio i kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo huelo ʻōniʻoniʻo e lure i nā moʻo a me nā rana.
I ke ao, loaʻa nā ʻāole i nā mea pio me ke kōkua o nā mea maʻamau o ka hihi, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kahi mea paʻahau me ka neʻe ʻole. I ka pō, kōkua lākou iā lākou, e pane ana i ka mahana o nā lua, e ʻike ana i nā hakina o nā kekelē. ʻOiai i ka ʻeleʻele pitch, ʻike ka nahesa i ka pōʻai wela o ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia e ka radiation infrared.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o ka rattlesnake
ʻO ka mea mua, he kanaka luku i nā mea kolo i ka pīhoihoi i ka hopu holoholona a i ʻole no ka makaʻu kūpono ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o nā ʻake i nā alanui. Ma ka laulā, ʻo ka heluna o nā nahesa poʻo poʻo, e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, ma ka honua i hōʻemi nui ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! Mahalo i nā nakeke, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā neʻe maʻamau o ka rumba Mekiko: hoʻolei pinepine ka mea hula i kona wāwae i mua a i ʻole ʻaoʻao, e kaomi ana i kahi mea me kona kuʻekuʻe. ʻIke ʻia ua komo pinepine nā nahesa i ka hulahula i aʻo pinepine nā kāne e hehi i nā mea kolo, me ka hana ʻole me ka hoʻōki ʻole ʻana i ka rumba.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā moʻo, me nā kānaka, ʻo:
- nā ʻāpana huelo ʻulaʻula;
- coyotes;
- raccoons;
- ʻalopeke;
- nahesa, me nā musurans nunui (a i 2.4 m);
- Kaleponi e holo nei nā cuckoos.
ʻO nā mea e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā rattlenakes me nā hau hau, nā mea make no nā ʻōpio hou i pāpale ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i kahi rattlesnake
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā rattlenakes viviparous mate ma hope o ka hoʻoilo (i ʻApelila-Mei) a ma hope paha, e like me ka pae... ʻO ka pinepine, mālama ʻia ka sperm kauwela i loko o ke kino o ka wahine a hiki i ka puna aʻe, a i Iune wale nō e waiho ai ka hua kolo i nā hua. I loko o kahi paʻa aia mai 2 a 86 (ʻĀpana atrox) nā ʻāpana, akā ma ka awelika 9-12, a ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina hānau ʻia nā keiki.
Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, kolo aku nā wahine mai kā lākou lua no 0.5 km, akā hiki i nā nāhesa ke kū pono i ka pūnana ʻohana. Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ua loaʻa ka ikaika i ka wahine, e mākaukau no ka hānau aʻe.
E hoihoi ia: pehea lā nā moʻo hānai
I ka makahiki he 10, ua hoʻokahe ka ʻenuhe i ko lākou ʻili no ka manawa mua, i ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi "pihi" ma ka wēlau o ka hiʻu, a laila lilo ia i rattle. Ma kahi o ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā moʻo e ʻike i ko lākou ala i loko o kā lākou lua, akā ʻaʻole holomua nā mea āpau: make kekahi mai ke anuanu a me nā mea ʻai, hele hewa kekahi.
Hiki i nā kāne o nā ʻohue lua ke oʻo makua e 2 makahiki, wahine ʻekolu.
ʻĀkena Rattlesnake, nahu nahesa
ʻO ka rattlenake ʻino loa a ʻino hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Crotalus scutulatus, e noho nei ma nā wao nahele a me nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema. Ke hoʻouka nei, ʻimi ʻo ia i kahi neurotoxin koho.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻino nā rattlenakes āpau: make pinepine ka lāʻau make i loko o ka hemorrhages o loko, hiki i ka haʻalulu anaphylactic, nā hanu ʻole, nā kōpaʻa ʻole a me ka make.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia nei e ka helu helu, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 10-15 mau kānaka e make ana ma waho o 8,000 mau nahu, e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kū ʻana o nā antidote maikaʻi hou
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he hōʻeha iki kahi rattlesnake i kahi kanaka, ʻoi aku ka makemake e haʻalele i ka wā e hui ai... I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoluliluli i kāna kani, e hoʻomaopopo ana i nā ʻohana i ka makaʻu paha.
Inā ua nahu ʻia ʻoe e kahi shitomordnik, a ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻomākaukau i kahi lāʻau hoʻōla, e hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻōiwi kanaka o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻawa o nā moonihoawa:
- inu i ka nui o ke kī (wela, ʻono a ikaika loa);
- inu vodka (inā loaʻa iā ʻoe);
- lawe cordiamine (inā pono);
- komo / inu i nā antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe).
A mai poina i ka nahesa, ke nahu ʻia, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili mau i ka lāʻau make: i kekahi manawa he ʻano hana maʻamau i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻike i kahi hoʻoweliweli.
Ke mālama nei i kahi ʻāhiu ʻona ma ka home
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e noʻonoʻo pono e pili ana inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka palekana o ʻoe a me nā mea e hoʻopuni ana iā ʻoe ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻāʻī. Inā ʻae ka pane, e kiʻi i kahi terrarium ʻano ākea (me nā ana 80 * 50 * 50 no 2-3 mau mākua).
He aha kāu e pono ai e hoʻolako i ka moʻo nahesa e hiki mai ana:
- ka lepo no kahi ʻōniu niu a i ʻole mulch cypress i kāwili ʻia me ka limu a me ka mauʻu kūpono.
- kahi papa o nā lau (ma luna o ka lepo) e hoʻokokoke i ka nohona i kūlohelohe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kekahi lau, e laʻa me ka linden, birch a me ka ʻoka;
- pōhaku pumehana e pani i nā pōhaku;
- ka ʻili a me ka lāʻau drift, kahi e hūnā ai nā ʻāhiu;
- kahi mea inu i hoʻopili ʻia me ka lichen a me ka limu: ma kēia ala e kiʻi ai ʻoe i kahi o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai e pale ana i ka wai mai ka lele ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka lepo.
Pono kāu mau holoholona i ka mahana o ko lākou home pae... ʻO ka manaʻo ia i ka pō i ka terrarium ʻaʻole pono e anuanu + 21 + 23 kekelē, a i ke ao - + 29 + 32 kekelē (ma ka mahele mahana) a me + 25 + 27 kekelē (ma nā wahi i uhi ʻia). Mālama ʻia ka ea o ka lewa i kahi pae o 40-50% ma ka pīpī ʻana i ka terrarium me kahi pū kīʻaha i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i kahi generator fog.
E hoihoi ia: mālama i nā nahesa ma ka home
ʻAi ʻia nā mea kolo makua i kēlā me kēia 10-14 mau lā i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ai i ka momona. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o nā ʻāhiu e nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi; me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna, hoʻolauna ʻia nā mea kolo a me nā rana i ka papaʻai.
