Manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 30 tausani wolverine e noho nei ma ka honua. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka hui iki ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻino me kā lākou ʻano iho, makemake lākou e hoʻomalu hoʻokahi ma nā wahi mai hoʻokahi a ʻelua tausani kilomika kilomika.
Wehewehe, helehelena o kahi wolf
ʻO ka ʻohana a me ka ʻohana subfamily, ka mea i komo pū me ka predator, ua kapa ʻia he like - "marten". ʻO ke kai otter wale nō ka nui ma mua o ka wolverine (i waena o kona mau hoahānau pili). I ka nui, ua like ka wolverine me kahi ʻīlio nui, i ka helehelena - kahi ʻaihue a bear paha me kahi huelo, lōʻihi lōʻihi (18-23 cm) ka huelo. Piʻi kahi holoholona makua i 70-85 cm me ke kaumaha o 10-14 kg (wahine) a me 13-17 kg (kāne). Hiki i nā mea hoʻohālikelike nui loa ke huki i 20 kg.
ʻIke ʻia nā pepeiao poepoe kūpono ma ke poʻo nui, ua like ka maka me ka bea... ʻO nā maka, e like me ka ihu, ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kino squat, dense ma luna o nā lālā pōkole a mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka mua ma mua o ka hope, kahi e hāpai ai i ka ʻaoʻao hope o ke kino.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wolverine e nā manamana nui he ʻelima, ʻaneʻane kūlike (10 cm - ka lōʻihi, 9 cm - ākea): ʻo ia kahi "hoʻokahi", i hoʻoikaika ʻia me nā māiʻu lou, e kōkua maʻalahi ai ka holoholona i nā wahi i uhi ʻia e ka hau. Ke neʻe nei, maopopo ka wāwae o ka predigrade i ka wāwae wāwae, no ka mea, kau i kona ʻūlū, kau i ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa.
Pōkole loa ka hulu kauwela e hoʻohui i ka leʻaleʻa i ka wolverine, e hūnā ana i kona iwi poʻo nui a me nā wāwae ʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia: he mea hoʻomakeʻaka ke nānā aku i kēia manawa o ka makahiki. Ulu ʻo Wolverine i ka nani e ka hau, ke kūkulu nei i ka lole mānoanoa o ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele / ʻeleʻele kala, ʻūlū ʻia me kahi ākea ākea a māmā ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Hoihoi ia!Hūnā ka lole shaggy i kahi iwi ikaika. Aia kekahi ʻano hou aʻe e hoʻohālikelike iā ia i kahi bea: e like me ia, he palaka wale ka wolverine. Mālama maʻalahi ʻo ia i kona kino ikaika, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena wikiwiki i ka ʻenemi.
Kahi noho
Noho ka holoholona i nā wahi ākea o ka subpolar a me nā temperate o ʻAmelika Hema a me Eurasia, e noho ana ma ka akau mamao loa, nā mokupuni ʻo Arctic, ka ululāʻau tundra a me tundra (kahi e nui ai nā holoholona hihiu).
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka holoholona ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona mana o Michigan, i kapa pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he "state of the wolverine." Ma ʻEulopa, ua koho ka wolverine i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Scandinavian Peninsula, a ʻo Finilana, Polani, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus a me Lūkia.
I ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke loaʻa ka mea ʻaihue ma Siberia, ma ke Kola Peninsula, ma ka Ter Teritori, Karelia, ka Repubalika Komi, ka Hikina Hema a me Kamchatka. ʻO nā palena hema o ka noho ʻana e hele i nā wahi Kirov, Tver, Leningrad, Pskov, Vologda a me Novgorod.
Kākaʻikahi loa nā huhui wolverine i ka nāhelehele... Ua pūʻiwa kekahi o nā mea kūlohelohe i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka nui o ka holoholona i nā kuahiwi ʻo Sikhote-Alin i ʻike ʻia e ia a me kāna mau hoa: 100 mau kilomika kilomika no kēlā me kēia. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēlā ʻano mānoanoa o ka predator e ka nui o nā elk i hiki mai i kēia mau wahi. ʻIke ʻia aia ma kahi o ʻehā haneli wolverines e noho ana i ka palena ʻāina o ka Teritori Ussuriysk, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua tausani wolverine i ka nui o Yakutia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka wolowine
E like me nā ʻelele āpau o ka mustelid, he gland anal ka wolverine, nona nā ʻōlelo huna e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ʻekolu mau hihia.
- e ʻumeʻume i kēlā me kēia kāne o ka wahine ʻē aʻe;
- e koho i ko lākou "ʻāina";
- e hoʻoweliweli aku i ka ʻenemi.
ʻAʻole pale ka mea huna ʻala i ka wolverine mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai o nā mea ʻaihue, akā hāʻawi ia i ka wiwo ʻole, i ka wela e lawe hilahila ʻole ai i ka mea pio mai ka ʻīlio hae a lynx. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ka hemahema o ke kūʻē ʻana: ʻo ka lynx, e like me ka holoi maʻemaʻe o ka holoholona, e hoʻāʻo e haʻalele i ka powa pilau i ka hiki wawe.
Wahi a ka lono hiki i kahi wolverine nui ke hoʻouka i ka ʻīlio hae ponoʻī, me ka manaʻolana no kona ikaika a me kona mau niho ikaika: inā ʻaʻole lākou e kōkua, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea kaua make loa - kahi ʻala hoʻopailua. ʻAʻole paʻa ʻo Wolverine i ka huhū, ʻo ia ke kumu e hōʻalo ai ka bear iā ia. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ʻia kahi kanaka ke ʻole pono ia: inā kipaku ʻo ia iā ia i kahi kihi... ʻO nā peʻa e like me ka ʻalopeke i ka weliweli.
Hoihoi ia! Kauka o Biological Science Yuri Porfirievich Yazan, ka mea kākau o nā puke hoihoi e pili ana i nā mea māmaki hihiu, mahalo nui i ka palaka ʻole, ka ikaika a me ka wiwo ʻole o ka wolverine. Ua kākau ʻo Yazan ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka bea a i ke Tiga paha, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokahe wale i ke koko.
Ma waena o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, aia kekahi mau moʻolelo e hana mau ana ka wolowine i ka pōā, ʻaihue i nā meaʻai (me ka ʻiʻo) mai ka hale waiho a me nā holoholona mai ka hei. No kēia mau hana hoʻopunipuni, a no ka mea hoʻi e luku ʻia ka wolverine i nā pahele i kau ʻia ma nā ala ʻimi holoholona, hāʻawi lākou iā ia i ka inoa kapakapa ʻole "predator" lepo a hoʻomaka lākou e pepehi me ke ana ʻole. I kekahi mau wahi, ua kākau lākou i kahi bonus no ka luku ʻana i kahi wolf.
Ua kū lākou i ka alualu ʻana i ka holoholona ma mua loa, i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano a mahalo i kāna kōkua i ke olakino o nā holoholona ulu lāʻau. E like me ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia, hōʻino pinepine ʻia nā hale waihona taiga e nā bea ʻeleʻele, a me nā wolverine, ʻoiai lākou e holoholo kokoke i nā hale mālama a me nā ala ʻimi holoholona, pale i ka poʻe a ʻaihue ʻole i ka meaʻai.
Auila
I ka wolverine, nomadic ia, ʻokoʻa i kona mau ʻohana i ka ʻohana, e noho ana ma kahi hoʻokahi: ke hele nei me ka luhi ʻole a puni kāna wahi nui, e ʻimi nei i lalo (ma ka maʻamau i ke ahiahi) kahi pono kūpono.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole poina ka wolverine e nānā i kahi e hūnā ai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi - i nā lua, nā pūnana, nā lua, nā lāʻau make a me nā lāʻau driftwood. Piʻi i nā kumulāʻau me ka paʻakikī ʻole mahalo i nā māiʻu ʻoi loa a me nā wāwae ikaika.
ʻAʻole makemake ka wolverine iā ia ke komo ka poʻe o ka moekolohe like i kāna panalāʻau, a pale ikaika i kāna kūʻokoʻa.... ʻO ke kaumaha ma lalo o nā aʻa wili, nā pā pōhaku a me nā lua e lilo i mau wahi noho o ka holoholona. Inā ʻaʻohe puʻuhonua ma kahi kokoke, hiki iā ia ke noho i ka pō ma nā pōhaku a i ka hau.
Hoihoi ia! He ʻauʻau lili ʻo Wolverine. He maikaʻi kona mau maka, he lohe maikaʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe he ʻano pilau.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka makaʻu ʻole o ka wolverine e kāna akahele: ʻae nā ʻano ʻelua iā ia e hele wāwae ʻole ʻia ma nā ala o nā kānaka a me nā mea ʻino nui me ka manaolana e ʻohi i kahi mea ʻai. Hiki iā Wolverine ke hele wāwae i kēlā me kēia ala, ke ala kaʻa hau a me ke ala.
ʻAʻole ka wikiwiki ʻo ia kahi kiko ikaika (hiki i ka ʻīlio a i ʻole ʻīlio ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka wolverine), akā hoʻomanawanui ʻo ia i ka holo ʻana ma ka awelika o 30 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Holo ʻaoʻao iki a lele. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka manawa a nā wolverines i hoʻonohonoho ai i nā moʻolelo no ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe ʻana: uhi kekahi i 70 km me ka ʻole o ke kū ʻana, holo ka lua i 85 km i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ke kolu i nā hebedoma 2 i hoʻoluli ʻia he 250 mau kilomita.
Manaʻo nā Zoologists ʻaʻole alakaʻi ʻia ka wolverine e ka manawa o ke ao ma ke ala, e hoʻomaha ana inā luhi ia.
Mea ʻai Wolverine
ʻO ka laulā o kāna mau gastronomic hoihoi ākea, akā ʻaʻole kākoʻo ʻia ka omnivorousness e nā mākaukau lawaiʻa lawa: ʻaʻole lawa ka dexterity o ka wolverine i ka hopu ʻana i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, a me ka ikaika e hoʻokahuli i kahi nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki kēia i kekahi manawa i kekahi manawa: hiki i kahi wolverine ke hoʻokau i kahi elk olakino olakino a i ʻole nā dia e piholo ʻia ana i ka hau hohonu a i ʻole paʻa i ka pā hau.... He aha ka mea e hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i kahi holoholona ʻeha a maʻi paha: ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka wolverine i kona manawa kūpono. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokaʻulua e kiʻi i nā ʻāpana i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka ʻahaʻaina o nā bea, nā lynxes a i nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka leo o nā manu koraka a me nā manu koraka "kuhikuhi" iā ia i ka make.
ʻO Wolverine kekahi o nā hoʻonohonoho nahele, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā lehulehu o nā dia musk, dia, hipa mauna, elk a me nā dia roe mai nā ʻohana nāwaliwali. Penei nā helu helu: lawe ʻo ia i 7 o 10 ungulate ma hope o nā mea nui nui, a ʻimi ʻekolu iā lākou iho.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke kumu o ka hui laha ʻole o nā wōlō mākua kahi ʻimi ʻimi hui. Hana ʻia kēia ma nā wahi o Siberia Hikina a me ka Hikina Hikina, kahi e nui ai nā dia musk, e waiho ana mai ka alualu ʻana i nā pōʻai. ʻIke i kēia hiʻohiʻona, hāʻawi nā wolverines i nā kuleana: kipaku kekahi i ka dia musk, a ʻo kekahi e kakali no ka pōʻai o ka pōʻai.
Hoʻomanawanui mālie ʻo Wolverine i hoʻokahi pule o ka pōloli, akā ʻai mau i ka mālama ʻia, loaʻa koke ke kaumaha. ʻUwi ʻo ia i kahi mea make nui i loko o nā ʻāpana nui a hūnā iā ia i nā wahi like ʻole, e ʻai mālie nei iā ia. ʻAi ka dia musk i nā lā he 3-4.
ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka ungulate a me ka carrion i ka papa hoʻoilo o kahi wolverine. I ke kauwela a me ka puna, ua lilo ka mea ʻai i mea like ʻole, a laha ʻole ka huakaʻi no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai.
Aia i ka papa kuhikuhi predator kauwela:
- nā keiki keiki, nā keiki bipi a me nā keiki hipa hou;
- manu (hazel grouse, black grouse) a me nā manu manu;
- iʻa (ola a hiamoe);
- nāʻiole, nā moʻo, nā rana a me nā moʻo;
- nā hua, ka meli a me nā nati;
- ʻenuhe ʻūlū
Loaʻa ka wikiwiki, akā hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanawanui, hiki iā ia ke pepehi i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia me kahi alualu lōʻihi.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hoʻomaka ke kāne a me ka wahine e mālama maikaʻi kekahi i kekahi ma Mei - ʻAukake, i ka wā o ka male ʻana, e hana ana i kahi hui kuʻuna (no kekahi mau pule). Hānau kahi wolverine i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki, a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana (7-8 mahina), a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o ka embryo. Ma hope o 30 - 40 mau lā, hānau ka wahine wahine.
I ke kakali ʻana o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻolako ʻia ka lua e ka makuahine e hiki mai ana, a hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lōʻihi (a 40 mau mika) e alakaʻi ai nā lua burrows. ʻAʻole nānā ʻo Wolverine i ka hōʻoluʻolu a waiho me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka lua, mai nā lā mua e hōʻike ana i nā pua e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka nohona nomadic. ʻAʻole paʻa ka pūnana i kahi wahi palekana (i ke ana, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i nā aʻa o kahi lāʻau): i kekahi manawa he kaumaha wale ia i ka hau..
Hānau ʻia nā pēpē (2-4) i Pepeluali / Malaki. Makapō a maikaʻi ʻole nā keiki, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia i ka 70-100 karamu. I hoʻokahi mahina, kaupaona lākou a hiki i ka 0.5 kg a hāmama i ko lākou mau maka, a ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina lilo lākou i like me ko lākou makuahine, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa lākou iā ia i ka nui.
Ua pani ʻia ka waiū o ka makuahine e ka ʻai hapa hapa, a loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻīlio, e puka ana i waho o ka lua me ko lākou makuahine i waenakonu o ke kauwela. Hoʻomākaukau ʻo Wolverine iā lākou no nā hoʻololi lōʻihi, e ʻae ʻia ai lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke oʻo piha i 2 mau makahiki.
ʻO Wolverine a me kāne
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe huli holoholona Taiga i nā wolowine i hopu ʻia e lākou e ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka momona, akā ʻaʻole hoʻopiha iki kēia holoholona i ka helu o nā pahu hopu holoholona.
ʻO ka ʻili Wolverine kahi waiwai liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ʻia kāna koi kūikawā i waena o nā aborigine ʻākau e kāna puʻupuʻu paʻa a lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i hau i ka hau hau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu no ka humuhumu ʻana i nā kapa o waho, a no ka hana ʻana i nā muffs, nā kola a me nā pāpale.
No kahiʻili wili e noi ai lākou ma mua o kahi sable - mai 70 a 100 kālā.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohiwahiwa nui ʻia nā wolobine ola pū kekahi. Mākaukau nā zoo e uku i $ 250 no kēlā me kēia meʻa. ʻAno loa ʻo Wolverine i ka lawe pio ʻana, no ka mea, kau palena ʻia kona heluna kanaka i ka nahelehele.
Ma ke ala, nā keiki wolverine i hāʻule i kahi kanaka e pili koke a lilo i ke ʻano. Ke nānā nei ka holoholona lūlū iā ia iho, unpretentious, hoʻolohe i ka mea nona a he mea hoʻomākeʻaka loa.
