ʻO ka mammal predatory, ka polar bear, a i ʻole ka polar bear (Ursus maritimus), he ʻohana pili loa ia o ka bear bear a ʻo ia ka mea ʻaihue ʻāina nui o ka honua i kēia lā.
Ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka bea polar kekahi o nā mea mamala ʻāina nui loa mai ke kauoha o nā holoholona predatory.... ʻO ke kino o ke kanaka makua he ʻekolu mika a kaupaona a hiki i ke ton. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o ke kāne, ma ke ʻano he lula, ʻokoʻa ma waena o 400-800 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 2.0-2.5 m, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae wale ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou kaumaha ma mua o 200-250 kg. ʻO ka mahele o nā bear polar liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka e noho nei iā Svalbard, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā mea nui ma kahi o ke kai ʻo Bering.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā bea polar ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me kahi poʻo pālahalaha. ʻEleʻele ka ʻili, a hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu hulu keʻokeʻo a i nā aka melemele. I ke kauwela, melemele ka huluhulu o ka holoholona ma muli o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka lā.
ʻO kaʻaʻahu o nā bea polar nele loa ia i nā kala kala, a he hollow hanana ko nā huluhulu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā huluhulu translucent ka hiki ke lawe i nā kukui ultraviolet wale nō, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka hulu hipa i nā ʻano pilikino hoʻohuihui. Aia kekahi huluhulu pale pale pale ma nā kapuwaʻi o nā lālā. ʻO ka membrane ʻauʻau ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO nā māiʻuʻu nui e ʻae aku ai ka mea hōkai i nā mea pio ikaika loa a nui loa hoʻi.
Nā ʻaoʻao poʻomanaʻo pau ʻole
ʻO ka bear polar pilikua pupule a i ʻole ʻo U. maritimus tyrannus kahi ʻohana pili pili loa o ka bea kaulana a kaulana hoʻi i kēia lā. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o kēia mau mea i ka nui o ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ke kino o ke kanaka makua he ʻehā mau mika, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaupaona ma mua o kahi tonona.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Beritania Nui, ma nā waihona Pleistocene, hiki ke loaʻa nā koena o kahi ulna hoʻokahi na kahi bear polar nunui, i hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i kona kūlana waena. Kohu mea lā, ua hoʻololi pono ʻia ka carnivore nunui i ka ʻimi holoholona nui ʻana i nā mea momona. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ʻo ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā subspecies kahi lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai ma ka hopena o ka wā hau.
Kahi noho
ʻO ka wahi o ka polar bear polar e kaupalena ʻia e ka palena o ke kahakai ʻākau o nā ʻāina a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā floes hau lana, a me ka palena o nā kahawai kai mehana ʻākau. Aia i ka mahele hāʻawi ka ʻehā mau ʻāpana:
- wahi noho mau;
- wahi noho o kahi nui o nā holoholona;
- kahi o ka hana mau ʻana o nā wahine hāpai;
- panalāʻau o nā ala loa i ka hema.
Noho ʻo Polar bear ma kahakai holoʻokoʻa o Greenland, ka hau o ke Kai Greenland i ka hema a hiki i nā mokupuni ʻo Jan Mayen, Svalbard Island, a ʻo Franz Josef Land a me Novaya Zemlya ma ke Kai Barents, nā Mokupuni ʻo Bear, Vai-gach a me Kolguev, ke kai Kara. ʻIke ʻia kahi helu nui o nā bea kolo ma kahakai o nā ʻāina o ke kai Laptev, a me ke kai hikina ʻo Siberian, Chukchi a me Beaufort. ʻO ka laulā nui o ka nui predator nui e hōʻike ʻia e ka pali ʻāinapuniʻole o ka Moana Arctic.
Ke moe mau nei nā bea wahine wahine hapai i nā ana i nā wahi aʻe:
- komohana ʻākau a me ʻākau hikina ʻO Greenland;
- ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o Spitsbergen;
- ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻĀina ʻo Josef Land;
- ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Novaya Zemlya;
- nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ke Kai Kara;
- ʻĀina ʻĀkau;
- ʻĀkau a me ʻākau hikina o ke kahawai ʻo Taimyr;
- ʻo ka Lena delta a me nā mokupuni ʻo Bear o Siberia Hikina;
- ke kahakai a me nā mokupuni pili o ka Chukchi Peninsula;
- Mokupuni Wrangel;
- ʻaoʻao hema o ka Mokupuni ʻo Banks;
- ke kahakai o ka Simpson Peninsula;
- ke kahakai ʻākau hikina o ka ʻāina Baffin a me ka mokupuni ʻo Southampton.
ʻIke pū ʻia nā noho me nā bear polar hāpai i ka hau ʻeke i ke kai Beaufort. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, ma ke ʻano he rula, i ka wanaʻao, holo lōʻihi nā polar i Iceland a me Scandinavia, a me ka Peninsula ʻo Kanin, Anadyr Bay a me Kamchatka. Me ka hau a ke hele nei i Kamchatka, loaʻa nā holoholona holoholona i kekahi manawa i ke kai o Iapana a me Okhotsk.
Nā hiʻohiʻona mana
Maikaʻi loa ka honi o Polar bea, a me nā lālā o ka lohe a me ka ʻike ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole paʻakikī i kahi mea ʻino ke ʻike i kāna mea pio ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka papaʻai o ka bea polar e nā ʻano o ka māhele hāʻawi a me nā ʻano o kona kino... Hoʻololi kūpono ʻia ka predator i ka hoʻoilo o ka polar paʻakikī a ʻauʻau lōʻihi i ka wai hau, no laila ʻo nā ʻelele kai o ka honua holoholona, e like me nā urchins kai a me nā walruse, lilo pinepine i kāna pio. ʻO nā hua manu, nā moa, nā holoholona ʻōpio, a me ke kupapaʻu hoʻi i ke ʻano o nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona kai a me nā iʻa, i hoʻolei ʻia e ka nalu ma kahakai, hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai.
Inā hiki, hiki ke koho loa i ka papaʻai o ka polar bear. I nā sila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole nā walrus, ʻai ka predator i ka ʻili a me ka momona o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi holoholona wī nui loa ke ʻai i nā kupapaʻu o kona mau hoa. He mea kākaʻikahi wale nā mea predators nui e hoʻonui i kā lākou papaʻai me nā hua a me ka limu. ʻO nā loli i nā kūlana aniau i ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻonui pinepine nei nā polar bear i ka ʻāina i kēia mau lā.
Auila
Hana nā bea Polar i nā neʻe kau, i kumu ʻia e nā hoʻololi makahiki i nā panalāʻau a me nā palena o ka hau polar. I ke kauwela, hoʻi hope nā holoholona i ka pou, a i ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka lehulehu holoholona i ka ʻaoʻao hema a komo i ka ʻāina nui.
Hoihoi ia!ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā bea nui e noho ma kahakai a i ʻole ka hau, i ka hoʻoilo, moe nā holoholona i nā lua aia ma ka ʻāina nui a mokupuni paha, i kahi manawa he kanalima mau mika mai ka laina kai.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hibernation o ka polar bear, ma ke ʻano he loli, ʻokoʻa ma waena o 50-80 mau lā, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahine hāpai i hibernate. ʻO ka hibernation maʻamau a pōkole hoʻi ka mea maʻamau no nā kāne a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻokoʻa ka mea wikiwiki i kēia wikiwiki, a ʻau maikaʻi pū a luʻu maikaʻi loa.
ʻOiai ka lohi o ka lohi, ke hoʻopunipuni nei ka lohi o ka bear polar. Ma ka ʻāina, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia predator e ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, a i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻauʻau maikaʻi ka holoholona nui a luʻu maikaʻi loa. Pale ʻia ke kino o ka bear polar e kahi lole mānoanoa a mānoanoa hoʻi, kahi e pale ai i ka pulu ʻana i ka wai hau a he mau ʻano paʻa wela kona. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona adaptive koʻikoʻi ka kū ʻana o kahi papa nui o ka momona subcutaneite, ka mānoanoa o hiki i 8-10 cm. ʻO ke kala keʻokeʻo o ka ʻahuʻula e kōkua i ka mea ʻaihue e camouflage kūʻē i ke kumu o ka hau a me ka hau.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Ma muli o nā ʻike he nui, hala ka manawa rutting no nā bear polar ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina a hoʻomaka mau i ka waena o Malaki. I kēia manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ʻaihue i nā pālua, akā loaʻa pū kekahi mau wahine, hele pū ʻia me kekahi mau kāne i ka manawa hoʻokahi. He mau pule ʻelua ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana.
Hānau hāpai ʻo Polar
Ma hope o ʻewalu mau mahina, akā kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano helu he nui, hiki ke loli ma waena o 195-262 mau lā... ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike maka i ka wahine hāpai mai kahi bear polar hoʻokahi. Ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa a lilo nā wahine i mea hoʻonāukiuki, hana ʻole, moe i ko lākou ʻōpū no ka manawa lōʻihi a lilo ka makemake. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka ʻōpala i kahi mau cubs, a ʻo ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi cub he ʻano maʻamau o nā wahine ʻōpio, primiparous. Hele i waho kahi bear hāpai i ka ʻāina i ka hāʻule, a hoʻolilo i ka wā hoʻoilo holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka lua hau, aia, pinepine, kokoke i ke kahakai.
Mālama mālama
I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻōwili ka bear polar ma kona ʻaoʻao kokoke i nā manawa āpau.... ʻAʻole lawa ka lauoho pōkole a me ka sparse no ka hoʻomehana ʻana iā ia iho, no laila aia nā keiki hānau hou ma waena o nā paws o ka makuahine a me kona umauma, a hoʻomehana ka polar bear iā lākou me kona hanu. ʻO ka kaupaona kaumaha o nā keiki hānau hou ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka kilogram me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka hapahā mika.
Ua hānau makapō nā ʻōpala, a i ka makahiki he ʻelima wale nō makahiki ua wehe lākou i ko lākou mau maka. Hānai ka bear i nā keiki o ka mahina e noho ana. Kū ka hoʻokuʻu nui o nā bea wahine i Malaki. Ma o ka lua i ʻeli ʻia i waho, hoʻomaka ka bear e lawe mālie i kāna mau keiki no ka hele wāwae, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, hoʻi hou nā holoholona i ka lua. Ma nā hele wāwae, pāʻani nā cubs a ʻeli i ka hau.
Hoihoi ia!I ka heluna polar bear, ma kahi o 15-29% o nā cubs a ma kahi o 4-15% o nā poʻe makua ʻole e make.
ʻO nā ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, nā bea polar, ma muli o ko lākou nui a me nā ʻano predatory, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi. ʻO ka make ʻana o nā bea polar ka mea i hana pinepine ʻia e nā hōʻeha pōʻino ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā hakakā intraspecific a i ʻole ke ʻimi ʻana i nā walrus nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka kohola kohola a me ka manō polar ke waiho i kahi weliweli i nā mākua a me nā ʻōpio. ʻO ka pinepine, make nā bea i ka pōloli.
ʻO ke kanaka ka ʻenemi weliweli loa o ka bea, a ʻo nā poʻe o ka ʻĀkau e like me Chukchi, Nenets a me Eskimo, mai ka wā kahiko mai, ua ʻimi ʻo ia i kēia mea hoʻoiho polar. ʻO nā hana lawaiʻa, ka mea i hoʻomaka e hoʻokō ʻia i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lilo i pōʻino no ka lehulehu. I loko o hoʻokahi kau, ua luku nā kānaka ʻimi holoholona i hoʻokahi haneli a ʻoi paha kānaka. Ma mua o kanaono mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua pani ʻia ka ʻimi polar bear, a mai ka makahiki 1965 i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
Pōʻino i nā kānaka
Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā hihia o ka hoʻouka i ka pua i ka poʻe, a ʻo ka hōʻike maopopo loa o ka hoʻoweliweli predator i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā memo a me nā hōʻike o ka poʻe huakaʻi polar, no laila, pono ʻoe e neʻe me ke akahele loa i nā wahi e ʻike ʻia ai kahi bea. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā wahi e noho kokoke ana i ka wahi noho o ka polar predator, pono ʻole e kiʻi ʻia i nā ipu āpau me nā ʻōpala o ka home i kahi holoholona pōloli. I nā kūlanakauhale o ka panalāʻau ʻo Kanada, ua hana kūikawā ʻia nā "hale paʻahao", kahi e mālama iki ʻia ai nā bea e hoʻokokoke ana i nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale.
