ʻO ka stingray wai nui nunui (Himantura polylepis, Himantura chaophraya) no nā stingrays superorder.
Hoʻokaʻina o kahi hihi wai hou nunui.
Loaʻa ka stingray wai nui nui i nā ʻōnaehana muliwai nui ma Thailand, e like me Mekong, Chao Phraya, Nana, Nai Kapong, Prachin Buri, a me nā kahawai wai. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i ke kahawai ʻo Kinabatangan ma Malaysia a ma ka mokupuni ʻo Borneo (i ka muliwai ʻo Mahakam).
Ka wahi noho o ka hānai wai nunui nunui.
Loaʻa ka hihi wai nui nunui ma luna o ke one o lalo i nā kahawai nui, ma kahi hohonu o 5 a 20 mau mika. ʻIke ʻia nā wahine he nui i nā estuaries, hānau paha i ka wai brackish. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano lula i kahi noho kai holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi kukuna wai hou.
E like me nā ʻano kukuna ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hihi wai nui nunui e kona nui nui, kahi kino oval kino a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Hiki i nā kānaka nui i ke kaupaona o 600 kg a me ka lōʻihi o 300 cm, hāʻule ka hapakolu o ka huelo.
Maʻemaʻe loa ka huelo ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ventral o ka iwi kuamoʻo he nottooth a pili ia me kahi gona ʻona.
ʻIke ʻia nā pelvic fin ma nā ʻaoʻao a ʻelua o ka huelo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne mai nā wahine ʻo ke kū ʻana o kahi hana kūikawā i kēlā me kēia kāne i ka wahi o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Sperm mai kēia ʻano i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona oval o ka stingray wai nui nunui e nā fector pectoral, aia ma ke alo o ka ihu.
Aia i nā fector pectoral he 158-164 kino kukuna, a he mau hale iwi liʻiliʻi ia e kākoʻo ana i nā peʻa nui. Ma ka laulā, pālahalaha ke kino.
Aia ka waha ma lalo a ʻelua mau ā ā i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā niho liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia nā lehelehe me nā papillae liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻono ʻono.
Holo ʻo slits Gill i nā lālani like ʻelua ma hope o ka waha. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hihi wai hou nunui ma luna o kona ākea, lahilahi, kino disc, a paler ma ka ʻōpū, ʻeleʻele i nā kihi. ʻO ka stingray wai nui nunui kahi ʻona onaona a me kahi huelo huina nui a me nā maka liʻiliʻi. Hūnā ke kino luna pouli i ka stingray mai ka poʻe ʻaihue e ʻau ana ma luna ona, a uhi ka ʻōpū māmā i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino mai nā mea hōkū e ʻūlū ana i ka mea pio ma lalo, mahalo i ka hopena o ka lā.
Hāpai wai nunui
ʻIke nā kukuna wai hou nunui kekahi i kekahi i ka wā hānau e hoʻohana ana i nā hōʻailona uila i hana ʻia e nā kāne. Hana nā kāne a mālama i ka sperm ma loko o ka makahiki e hōʻoia i ka lawa pono o ka lako sperm ma ke ʻano he male ʻana me nā wahine he nui. A laila haʻalele nā wahine i nā kāne a noho i ka wai paʻa a hiki i ka wā e hānau keiki ai lākou.
Heʻuʻuku loa ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻia ʻana o nā kukuna wai maoli nunui i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā embryos mau ma kahi o 12 mau pule.
I loko o nā pule he 4-6, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka embryo, akā ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia kona poʻo. Ma hope o 6 mau pule, ulu nā ʻōpū, ulu nā lau a me nā maka. Hōʻike ka huelo a me ka iwi i mua o ka puka ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā stingrays wai nui nui e hānau nā wahine wahine i 1 a 2 mau ʻōpio ʻōpio e like me nā mākua liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka laulā o ke kino o nā cubic hatched he 30 kenimika.
Mālama nā wahine i kā lākou keiki a hiki i nā stingray ʻōpio i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ka wahine. Mai ia manawa mai, manaʻo ʻia lākou he mākua a neʻe kūʻokoʻa i ka nohona wai hou.
ʻAʻohe ʻikepili e pili ana i ke ola o nā kukuna wai nui nunui i ke kūlohelohe, eia nō naʻe, noho nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus Himantura mai 5 a 10 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana, hana lohi kēia ʻano stingray ma muli o nā ʻano o ka meaʻai a me ka nele o kahi.
Ka lawena o kahi hānai wai nunui nunui.
He iʻa sedentary nā kukuna nunui e noho mau i ka wahi like. ʻAʻole lākou e neʻe a noho i ka ʻōnaehana muliwai like i kū ai lākou.
Kūkākūkā nā stingray me kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā impulses uila, a he pores ko lākou i loko o ko lākou kino e alakaʻi i nā kahawai ma lalo o ka ʻili.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pore kahi ʻano o nā pūnaewele receptor sensory e kōkua ai e ʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea pio a me nā mea ʻino ma ka ʻike ʻana i nā māla uila i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka neʻe.
Hiki i nā stingray ke ʻike i ka honua a puni iā lākou me ka ʻike maka, ʻoiai me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau maka i paʻakikī i kēia mau iʻa e ʻimi i nā mea pio ma nā wahi me ka wai ʻeleʻele a lepo. Ua hoʻomohala nā kukuna wai nui nunui i nā ʻala o ka pilau, ka hoʻolohe ʻana, a me ka laina ʻaoʻao no ka ʻike ʻana i nā haʻalulu i loko o ka wai.
E hānai ʻana i ka stingray wai nui.
ʻAi pinepine ka stingray wai nui i ka lalo o ka muliwai. Loaʻa i ka waha he mau ā ʻelua e hana e like me ka haki ʻana i nā pā, a hoʻomau ka niho o nā niho liʻiliʻi i ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka papaʻai ka hapanui o nā iʻa benthic a me nā invertebrates.
ʻOiai ʻo nā meaola nui loa i ko lākou wahi noho, he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā kukuna nunui nunui. ʻO kā lākou waihoʻoluʻu pale a me kahi noho nohona he palekana hilinaʻi ia mai nā mea hōkai.
He manaʻo no ke kanaka.
Hāʻawi nā kukuna wai hou nunui i meaʻai na nā kamaʻāina ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻAsia, ʻoiai pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no kēia iʻa ʻaneʻane make. Mālama ʻia lākou i nā aquarium a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lawaiʻa haʻuki kaulana.
Ke hoʻāʻo ka lawaiʻa e hopu i kahi stingray wai nui nui, hahau ikaika ia me kāna huelo, me ka mākaukau o ka nui, jagged, spike spike, e pakele ai. Ikaika kēia kakalaioa e hou i ka moku lāʻau. Akā no ke kumu ʻole, hoʻouka kaua ʻole nā kukuna wai hou.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka hānai wai nui nunui.
Ma muli o ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka nui o nā kukuna wai hou nunui, ua hoʻolaha aku ka IUCN he mea ʻaneʻane weliweli kēia ʻano.
I Thailand, hānai ʻia nā stingray maʻamau e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka, ʻoiai ke haʻahaʻa o ko lākou ola i ka pio.
Kuhi nā ʻepekema i nā kukuna i koe me nā māka kūikawā i mea e maopopo ai i nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou neʻe ʻana a hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana o nā laha, akā nele mau nā hopena nui. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i nā kukuna wai hou nunui ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana o ka uhi o ka ululāʻau, i ka hopena o ka ua, ke kahe ʻana i ka wā ua ua, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā loko wai e keʻakeʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa a me ka hānau maikaʻi. Ma Nuhōlani, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia laha e manaʻo ʻia nei ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻōpala mai ka hana uranium, nona nā metala kaumaha a me nā radioisotopes, i ka lepo silt. Ma ʻō aku o kāna pae, aia a makaʻu ʻia ka stingray wai nui nunui mai ka make lawaiʻa pololei ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i ka nohona a me nā ʻāpana i alakaʻi ʻia i ke kaumaha inbred. Ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN, he lāhui ʻino kūpilikiʻi ka Giant Freshwater Ray.
