ʻO ka ʻāʻā polū (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) no ke kauoha ʻo Anseriformes. Kapa ka ʻohana Maori kūloko i kēia manu "whio".
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi ʻāpō polū
ʻO ka pato polū he nui kona kino he 54 knm, ke kaupaona: 680 - 1077 gram.
ʻO ke kū ʻana o kēia ʻūlū kahi hōʻailona o ka maikaʻi o ka wai i nā kahawai kahi i loaʻa ai.
Ua like nā mākua me nā hiʻohiʻona, nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO ka plumage he hina hina-polū me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka umauma. Hinahina hina ka pila me kahi piko ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia ākea i ka hopena. Pāʻeleʻele ka wāwae, melemele hapa nā wāwae. Melemele ka iris. Ke hoʻonāukiuki a makaʻu paha, hoʻolako ʻia ka nuku epithelium me ke koko e ʻākala.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine, ʻike nui ʻia nā kiko o ka umauma, nā wahi o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e kū i ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua. Hoʻomaopopo ke ʻano o nā loli i ke kala o ka uhi hulu i ke kāne i ka wā o ka male ʻana. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā pēpē polū ʻōpio ka like o nā manu makua, ʻoi wale ka paler. ʻEleʻele ka iris. Hinahina ʻeleʻele ka nuku. Uhi ʻia ka umauma me nā kiko pōuliuli kakaʻikahi. Hāʻawi ke kāne i kahi ʻāwīwī ʻelua ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe, i kōkua i ka inoa kūloko o ka ʻohana Maori - "manu whio".
Kahi noho pato polū
Noho ka ʻāpō polū ma nā kahawai kuahiwi me ke au wikiwiki ma ka ʻAkau ʻAkau a me ka South Island. Hoʻopili kokoke ia i nā kahawai kūpikipiki, kahi hapa me nā kapa kumulāʻau a me nā lau nahele lau nahele.
Pāhola aku ka ʻāʻā polū
ʻO ka pato polū ka hopena o Nu Kilani. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano anatidae i ka honua, e noho nei i nā kahawai wai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia ʻelua ʻano:
- ma ʻAmelika Hema (kahawai Merganette)
- i Nūkini Hou (Duck Salvadori). Māhele ʻia i ka mokupuni ʻĀkau a me ka mokupuni hema.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a ka ʻūlū polū
ʻEleu nā ʻāpō polū. Noho nā manu i ka panalāʻau a lākou e noho ai ma loko o ka makahiki a hiki i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. He ʻalalā ʻāina lākou a pale i ka pūnaewele i koho ʻia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. No kekahi mau kāne e noho, kahi o 1 a 2 km kokoke i ka muliwai e koi ʻia Hahai ko lākou ola i kahi mele, kahi o ka hānai maʻamau, kahi e hala ma kahi o 1 hola, a laila hoʻomaha a hiki i ka wanaʻao e hoʻomaka hou e hānai a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui. A laila lilo nā ʻōlio polū i ka hana ʻole no ke koena o ka lā a hānai hou wale i ka pō.
Pālū polū hānau
No ka pūnana ʻana, koho nā pālule polū i nā ʻūlū i nā lua pohaku, nā māwae, nā lua o nā kumulāʻau a hoʻonohonoho paha i kahi pūnana ma nā mea kanu nui i nā wahi mamao ma nā kapa o nā kahawai a hiki i 30 m mai iā lākou. Hiki i nā manu ke hoʻohua i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka paʻa he 3 a 7, maʻamau 6 mau hua, waiho ʻia lākou mai ka hopena o ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa pinepine ʻia i Kekemapa inā make ka brood mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu keʻokeʻo e ka wahine no 33 - 35 mau lā. ʻO ka helu hoʻopau e pili ana iā 54%.
ʻO ka Predation, nā waikahe, alakaʻi pinepine i ka make o ka paʻa.
Ma kahi o 60% o nā nalo e ola i ka lele mua. Mālama ka wahine a me nā kāne i nā manu ʻōpio no 70 a 82 mau lā, a hiki i ka lele ʻana o nā ʻāpō ʻōpio.
Hanai ʻāpō polū
ʻO ka ʻai pākī polū e ʻai ma kahi o ka hapahā o ko lākou ola. I kekahi manawa hānai lākou i ka pō, ma ka maʻamau i ka wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ma kapa o ka muliwai. Hōʻiliʻili nā Duck i nā invertebrates mai nā pōhaku ma nā pōhaku, e nānā i nā moena kahawai pebble a hemo i nā mea kolo a me kā lākou larvae mai lalo. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻāiki polū e loaʻa nā larvae o chironomidae, nā lele caddis, cécidomyies. ʻAi pū nā manu i ka limu, holoi ʻia i uka e ke au.
Nā kumu no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka ʻāiki pehu
He paʻakikī loa e kuhi i ka nui o nā ʻāiki polū, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻano noho o nā kānaka. Wahi a nā koho hou loa, noho nā mokupuni i 2,500-3,000 mau kānaka a i ʻole 1,200 pālua. Maliʻa paha ma kahi o 640 pālua ma ka ʻAkau ʻAkau a me 700 ma ka Hema ʻAilana. ʻO ka lūlū ikaika ʻana o nā wahi noho o nā ʻāiki polū ma luna o kahi ākea nui e pale aku ai i ka crossbreeding me nā ʻano pato ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke emi nei ka nui o nā ʻāiki polū ma muli o nā kumu ʻē aʻe. Kū kēia regression ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona, ka predation, ka hoʻokūkū me nā iʻa salemona, i hānai ʻia i ka wahi o nā ʻāpō a me nā hana a ke kanaka.
He nui ka hopena o nā mammal mokupuni i ka emi ʻana o nā ʻāpā polū. ʻO ka ermine, me ka nohona predatory, ke kumu o ka nui o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā lehulehu o nā ʻāiki polū. I ka wā o ka pūnana, hoʻouka ʻo ia i nā wahine, luku i nā hua manu a me nā moa. ʻO nā iole, nā posum, nā pōpoki kūloko a me nā ʻīlio pū kekahi e hānai nei i nā hua moa
Hana nā hana kanaka i ka wahi noho o nā ʻāiki polū.
ʻO ka kayaking, ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, ka hoʻoulu iʻa trout i waena o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki e hoʻopilikia i ka hānai ʻana o nā ʻāpō i nā wahi paʻa. Hāʻule nā manu i nā ʻupena ākea, waiho i ko lākou wahi noho no ka haumia o nā kino wai. No laila, ke kū mai nei kēia ʻano pato he hōʻailona ia no ka maikaʻi o ka wai i nā kahawai. ʻO ka nalowale o ka nohona ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana no ka mahiʻai, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe i ke kumu o ka nalowale ʻana o kahi e noho ai nā ʻāpiki polū.
He manaʻo no ke kanaka
Nani a ʻoluʻolu nā manu ʻōlani polū o nā kaiaolaola o Aotearoa. He kahua nānā nui lākou no nā kiaʻi manu a me nā mea aloha holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka ʻāpō polū
ʻO nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli e pili ana i nā ʻāiki polū e hana i kēia ʻano laha a pono ka palekana. Mai ka makahiki 1988, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻolālā no ka pale ʻana i ka hana kaiapuni, no ka hopena i ʻohiʻohi ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka puʻunaue ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāiki polū, kā lākou demography, kālaimeaola a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā wahi noho ma nā kahawai ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike o nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻōla i nā ʻeke polū ma o nā hana translocation a me ka ʻike lehulehu. Ua ʻae ʻia ka Papa Hana no ka mālama ʻana i nā Blue Duck i ka makahiki 1997 a ke ʻeleu nei i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka nui o nā manu ma kahi o 1200 mau kānaka a ua neʻe ʻia ka lāki o ke kāne i nā kāne. ʻIke ka manu i nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa ma ka South Island. Lawe ʻia ka hānau ʻana a me ka hoʻouka hou ʻana o ka laha i 5 mau wahi kahi i hana ʻia ai nā heluna kanaka i pale ʻia mai nā mea ʻaihue. Pili ka ʻāpō polū i ka laha aneane e make. Aia ia ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN.
