ʻO Lesser Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) pili i ke kauoha ʻo Hawk.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi he kino ka lōʻihi o 34 knm, a me kahi ʻēheu o 46 a 58 knm. Ua piʻi kona kaumaha i ka 92 - 193 gram.
ʻO kēia predator hulu liʻiliʻi me nā ʻeheu kihi lōʻihi, kahi huelo pōkole kaulike a me nā wāwae lōʻihi a paʻa hoʻi. ʻAno like kona silhouette me ko nā koʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa ka wahine mai ke kāne i ke kala o ka plumage, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manu wahine a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o kāna hoa.
ʻO ka plumage o kahi kāne makua he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ka luna. Hinahina nā papalina i brownish brown. Hoʻonani kekahi hulu keʻokeʻo i ka ʻāʻī. Hinahina ka huelo me 3 mau kaha kuapo pouli. Keokeo ka puʻu i ʻike ʻia me nā ʻāpana vague i ʻike ʻia i kahi ākea ākea e ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka lalo o ke kino he hina-keʻokeʻo, me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā kaha ʻalani lahilahi. I kahi o ka anus, keʻokeʻo ka plumage. I kekahi manu, ʻo ka umauma a me nā ʻaoʻao he rufous loa i kekahi manawa. He plumage bluish-brownish kā ka wahine, akā ʻoi aku ka pouli o luna. ʻIke ʻia nā kaha ma ke kikowaena o ka ʻāʻī, ma lalo o lākou ʻoiʻoi, akāka, ʻeleʻele ikaika a ʻaʻole blurr.
ʻOkoʻa nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i nā manu makua i ke kala plumage.
He palani ʻeleʻele ko lākou me nā mea koʻikoʻi ʻulaʻula. Ua hina hina ko lākou mau papalina. Keʻokeʻo nā kuʻemaka a me ka ʻāʻī. Ua like ka huelo me ko nā manu makua. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo maoli ʻo Underparts, me nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ka umauma, e lilo i panela ma nā ʻaoʻao, nā ʻūhā, a me nā kiko ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka Plumage e like me ka sparrowhawks makua e lilo ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
ʻO ka iris i nā manu makua he ʻalani-ʻulaʻula. Melemele ka wax a me nā wāwae. I nā ʻōpio, he hana ka iris, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele nā paws.
ʻO nā wahi noho o ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi ma ka hema o ka taiga a ma nā zona subalpine. ʻIke ʻia lākou i nā ulu lāʻau ulu a deciduous paha. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa i nā ulu lāʻau paina maʻemaʻe. Ma loko o kēia mau wahi āpau, noho lākou ma nā kahawai a kokoke i nā wai. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Nansei, noho nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi i nā ululāʻau subtropical, akā i Iapana e kū lākou i nā pāka kūlanakauhale a me nā māla, ʻoiai ma ka Tokyo. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, kū pinepine lākou ma nā mea kanu a me nā wahi i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, i nā kauhale a me nā wahi ākea, kahi e lilo ai nā ulu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau i nā māla laiki a i ʻole nā wahi kai. ʻAʻohe piʻi iki nā sparrowhawks mai ka ʻilikai a kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1800 mika, ka hapa pinepine ma lalo o 1000 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻo Sparrowhawk
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻo Lesser Sparrowhawks ma East Asia, akā ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia nā palena o kona pae. Noho lākou ma ka hema o Siberia, ma kahi kokoke i Tomsk, ma ka luna o Ob a me Altai a hiki i ke komohana ʻo Oussouriland. ʻO ka nohona ma o Transbaikalia hoʻomau mau i ka hikina i Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema e pili pū ana me ka ʻākau o Mongolia, Manchuria, hikina hikina o Kina (Hebei, Heilongjiang), Kōlea ʻĀkau. Ma kahakai, loaʻa ia ma nā mokupuni āpau o Iapana a ma nā mokupuni ʻo Nansei. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ʻo Little Sparrowhawks ma ka hema hikina o Kina, ma ka hapa nui o ka Indochina Peninsula, ka penikala Thai, a ma ka hema hoʻi i nā mokupuni ʻo Sumatra a me Java. Hana ʻia ka laha i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: A. g. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻo Gularis ma kāna laulā, koe wale nō ʻo Nansei. Noho ʻo A. iwasakii i nā mokupuni ʻo Nansei, akā ʻo Okinawa, Ishikagi, a me Iriomote.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi
I ka wā hānau, hūnā ka hana o ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā manu, ma ke ʻano he noho, ma lalo o ka uhi o ka nahele, akā i ka hoʻoilo hoʻohana lākou i nā perches hāmama. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hana nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi i nā puʻupuʻu paʻa, ʻoiai ke koena o ka makahiki, noho lākou hoʻokahi a i ʻole pālua paha. E like me ka nui o nā accipitridés, hōʻike ka sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi i kā lākou huakaʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i nā huli pōʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka lani a i ʻole ka lele ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi slide. I kekahi manawa lele lākou me nā pale ʻēheu lohi loa.
Mai Kepakemapa, ʻaneʻane ʻo nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi e neʻe i ka hema. Hoʻi i nā pūnaewele pūnana mai Malaki a Mei. Lele lākou mai Sakhalin ma o Iapana, nā Mokupuni ʻo Nansei, Taiwan, ʻo Filipaina a i Sulawesi a me Borneo. ʻO ke ala ʻelua e holo ana mai Siberia ma o Kina a hiki i Sumatra, Java a me nā Mokupuni ʻo Lesser Sunda.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi
Hoʻonui nui ʻo Lesser Sparrowhawks mai Iune a ʻAukake.
Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā manu ʻōpio e lele ana i Kina i ka hopena o Mei, a ma Iāpana hoʻokahi mahina ma hope. Kūkulu kēia mau manu manu i kahi pūnana mai nā lālā, i lī ʻia me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia ka pūnana ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau 10 mika ma luna o ka honua, kokoke kokoke i ka kumu nui. Loaʻa i ka Clutch i Iapana nā hua he 2 a 3 paha, ma Siberia 4 a i ʻole 5. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana mai 25 a 28 mau lā. ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wā e haʻalele ai nā hawks ʻōpio i ko lākou pūnana.
Nānā Sparrowhawk
Pau nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi i nā manu liʻiliʻi, alualu lākou i nā mea kolo a me nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi. Makemake lākou e hopu i nā pule pule nui, e noho nei i nā kumulāʻau ma waho o nā kūlanakauhale, akā alualu hoʻi i nā huelo, nā ʻūlū, nā warblers a me nā nuthatches. Hoʻouka lākou i kekahi manawa i nā mea nui e like me nā murū polū (Cyanopica cyanea) a me nā nūnū bizets (Columbia livia). ʻO ke kaulike o nā kolo i ka papaʻai hiki ke hōʻea ma waena o 28 a 40%. ʻImi ʻia nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi e like me shrews e nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi ke nui a lehulehu lākou. Hoʻopili nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā mea kolo i ka papaʻai.
ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano ʻimi holoholona o kēia poʻe hānai hulu, akā, me he mea lā, ua like lākou me nā ʻohana ʻEulopa. Lulu pinepine nā sparrowhawks liʻiliʻi i kahi hoʻohālua a lele i waho me ka manaʻo ʻole, me ke kahaha i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Makemake lākou e ʻimi i ko lākou panalāʻau, e lele mau ana a puni kona mau palena.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Lesser Sparrowhawk kahi ʻano laha ʻole ma Siberia a me Iapana, akā e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kāna mau helu. I kēia mau lā, ua lilo kēia ʻano manu manu lita i mea nui, e ʻike ʻia ana ma nā kaona. I Kina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻamau ma mua o ka Horsfield hawk (hawks soloensis ʻoiaʻiʻo). ʻO ka mahele o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka sparrowhawk liʻiliʻi i koho ʻia mai 4 a 6 miliona mau kilomika kilomika, a ʻo kona helu helu kokoke i 100,000 poʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Lesser Sparrowhawk ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi loa.
