ʻO nā puaʻa he mau māmela hoofed (ʻāpana artiodactyl) o ka genus Sus ma ka ʻohana Suidae. He kamaaina lākou iā Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Noho nui nā puaʻa i nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau ʻāpana, hana nui i ka kaolaola. ʻO ka puaʻa kūloko, ʻo Sus scrofa domesticus, kekahi o nā holoholona mua i mālama ʻia e nā kānaka a ʻo ia nō kekahi o nā holoholona nui i kēia lā.
Nā ʻano puaʻa
ʻO ka puaʻa pepeiao pepeiao ʻApelika (Potamochoerus porcus)
ʻO ia ka lālā kala nui loa o ka ʻohana puaʻa, he ʻahuʻula kona a me ka ʻauʻau pinepine i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻOkoʻa ke kala a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā subspecies holoholona. ʻO ka puaʻa pepeiao pepeiao mai ʻApelika Komohana he ʻulaʻula nui me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke kua. ʻO nā puaʻa i loaʻa ma ka hikina a me ka hema o ʻApelika he ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele a i kekahi manawa ua pouli me ka makahiki.
Ua hoʻonui nā boars hihiu i nā muzzles me nā warts ʻelua, pale pū lākou i ke poʻo i ka wā o nā kaua no ka noho aliʻi. Holo wikiwiki ka puaʻa pepeiao pepeiao i ka ʻāina, a inā pono, ʻauʻau koke nō hoʻi.
ʻO ka puaʻa ulu lāʻau nunui (Hylochoerus meiertzhageni)
ʻO kēia ka puaʻa hihiu nui loa. ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o nā boars 50 kg ma mua o nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka heluna Hikina ma mua o ka Komohana. ʻO nā kāne o nā puaʻa ulu lāʻau komohana kaupaona ma mua o 150 kg, loaʻa i nā kāne mai ka hikina 225 kg. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā mākua o nā kāne ʻelua. Uhi ka lole loloa akā ākea i ke kino. Ma lalo o ka waena o ke kua, nā hulu lōʻihi (a hiki i 17 cm) hana i kahi mane e piʻi aʻe ke pīhoihoi.
ʻO nā muzzles o nā puaʻa ulu lāʻau ʻano: ʻo ka dis a nasal nui loa (a hiki i 16 cm ke anawaena), a i nā kāne, ʻike ʻia ka ʻōhū nui ma lalo o nā maka. Loaʻa nā ʻiʻo ʻelua i nā kāne ʻelua (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine). I nā kāne, kūlou iki nā ʻīlani i luna; ʻo ka lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo 35.9 cm.
ʻO Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus / aethiopicus)
Noho i nā wahi hānai, ʻaʻole ma ka nahele, e like me nā puaʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻElua ʻano warthoghogs: ʻo ka warthog maʻamau (ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Phacochoerus africanus) a me ka wao wao (Phacochoerus aethiopicus).
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o kēia mau mea, ʻo ka warthog maʻamau, i loaʻa ma ʻApelika sub-Saharan, me ka Horn o ʻApelika, a me ka Desert Warthog i kaupalena ʻia i ka Horn o ʻApelika. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale nā zoologists ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka warthogs. E like me ia, ʻo nā palena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i ka Horn o ʻApelika e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, a me ke kūlana o ka nui.
Babirussa (Babyrousa babyrussa) a i ʻole puaʻa stag
Noho ma kekahi mau mokupuni ma Hikina Hema Asia a ʻike ʻia e nā canine kiʻekiʻe e ulu ana ma ka piko o ka waha a kūlou i hope, malia paha ka pale ʻana i nā maka mai nā lālā lāʻau ke holo ka puaʻa i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. Hoʻohana ka holoholona i nā canine haʻahaʻa e kūʻē i nā babirus ʻē aʻe i nā hakakā.
Ma nā ʻAmelika, kahi a nā puaʻa i kū ʻole ai, noho ka mea hoʻomoʻa palaoa (Tayassuidae) i ka wahi kaiaola like ʻole, e like me ke ʻano a me ka lawena i nā puaʻa.
ʻO ka puaʻa ʻumiʻumi (Sus barbatus)
ʻO kēia nā puaʻa nui a wāwae lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ke kino me nā lauoho ākea he hina hina i ke kala. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻahuʻula he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona a me nā kūlana pākahi. Aia i ka huelo kahi ʻano ʻelua o nā lālani o nā huluhulu bristly. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka waha, ma ke alahaka o ka ihu a me nā papalina aia kahi "ʻumiʻumi" o nā lauoho huluhulu a manoanoa. Hoʻomaopopo hou ʻia ka ʻumiʻumi i nā kāne, nā lauoho a 15 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kala keʻokeʻo o ka ʻumiʻumi (i kekahi manawa melemele a kālā paha) e hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka huluhulu pouli ma waena o ka ʻumiʻumi, ka ihu ihu a puni nā maka. Hoʻolālā nā kāne i ʻelua mau warts maka, akā liʻiliʻi a hūnā ʻia lākou i loko o ka ʻumiʻumi, hele ʻole lākou i nā wahine. He mau canine ʻoi loa kā nā kāne ʻelua: i nā kāne, hiki i 25 cm ka lōʻihi. Liʻiliʻi a kuhi ka pepeiao.
Puaʻa hihiu (Sus scrofa)
ʻO ka lole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a hulu, huli hina hina me ka makahiki. Uhi ʻia ka waha, nā pāpālina a me ka ʻāʻī me ka lauoho keʻokeʻo. Ua poepoe ke kua, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, keu hoʻi i nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Hānau ʻia nā puaʻa me kahi ʻano o nā mālamalama ma ke kino, i nalo ma waena o ka lua a me ka ʻeono mahina. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kala o kahi puaʻa hihiu makua i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. Loihi ke poʻo me ka ʻole o ka wart. Hoʻokumu nā canine luna i nā ʻūlū e piʻo i luna. ʻO nā kēne o lalo he like me ka pahi kaua, hoʻōla iho iā ʻoe iho inā hamo ʻia i nā kini o luna. Lōʻihi ka huelo me kahi tuft.
Puaʻa puaʻa (Sus salvanius)
He ʻano laha ka laha i India, kau palena ʻia kona pae i ka Manas National Park ma ke komohana ʻākau o Assam. ʻO kēia mau puaʻa liʻiliʻi 20-30cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Noho kēia ʻano i loko o nā wahi ulu nui. ʻAi nā puaʻa i nā aʻa, nā paipu, nā ʻelala, nā ʻūhū a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. Hāpai lākou i nā kau ma mua o ka mau mōneka, e hānau ana i nā litters o ʻekolu a ʻeono puaʻa.
Pua puaʻa (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Ma waena o nā zoologists, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Sus scrofa, ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau mea kākau ʻo S. domesticus, e waiho ana iā S. scrofa no nā puaʻa hihiu. ʻO Boars (Sus scrofa) nā kūpuna hihiu o ka puaʻa kūloko, i hānai ʻia ma kahi o 10,000 mau makahiki i hala, ma Kina a i ʻole ka Hikina Waena. Ua pālahalaha nā puaʻa kūloko ma loko o ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, ka Hikina Waena, ʻAkelika ʻĀkau a me nā Moku Pakipika mai ka wā kahiko. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā puaʻa i ka hema hikina o ʻAmelika mai ʻEulopa e Hernando de Soto a me nā mea ʻimi ʻimi Spanish ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā puaʻa i pakele i lilo i feral a hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika.
Hōʻike a me ka lawena
He poʻo nui kahi puaʻa maʻamau me kahi ihu loloa, i hoʻoikaika ʻia me kahi iwi kūikawā i kapa ʻia ka iwi mua ihu, a me kahi iwi kuamoʻo ma ka piko. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ihu e ʻeli i ka lepo no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a he kino sensory maʻalahi ia. Loaʻa i nā puaʻa he seti piha o 44 mau niho. ʻO nā kini, i kapa ʻia ʻo tusks, ke ulu mau nei a lilo i ʻoi o ka hopena o ka hakakā o nā ā lalo a luna i kūʻē i kekahi i kekahi.
ʻAiʻai puaʻa
ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā māmaka ungulate ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe o nā ruminant chambered nunui a ʻaʻole e ola ma nā lau a me nā mauʻu wale nō. ʻO nā puaʻa he omnivores, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻopau lākou i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona no ka meaʻai. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, me:
- ʻākala;
- na anoano;
- mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- nā aʻa;
- kōpuʻu;
- ʻulā;
- huaʻai;
- kalaiwa;
- hua moa;
- nā mea kolo;
- holoholona liʻiliʻi.
I kekahi manawa, i nā wā o ka nele o ka meaʻai, ʻai ka puaʻa makuahine i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī.
Ma hea e noho ai nā puaʻa
ʻO nā puaʻa kekahi o nā moʻomeheu ākea ākea ākea a me ka evolutionarily o nā mammal nui. Loaʻa kūlohelohe lākou i ka hapa nui o Eurasia, mai nā ululāʻau tropical i nā ululāʻau ʻākau.
ʻO nā puaʻa nā holoholona kaiaulu
I ke kūlohelohe, noho nā puaʻa wahine a me kā lākou ʻōpio i kahi hui ʻohana ākea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka bipi (mehameha nā kāne makua.) Kamaʻilio pū nā lālā Sonar me kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maka, nā kani a me nā pilau, kōkua pū i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a nānā i nā mea ʻaihue a pale aku iā lākou ...
No ke aha makemake nā puaʻa i ka lepo
ʻAʻohe o ka puaʻa gland, no laila i ke anilā wela lākou e hoʻomaʻalili i ke kino me ka wai a me ka lepo. Hoʻohana pū lākou i ka lepo ma ke ʻano he pale lā i pale i ka ʻili mai ka lā. Pale ka ʻala i nā lele a me nā parasites.
Pehea ka puaʻa hānai
Hiki koke nā puaʻa i nā makahiki hānau, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a hana i kahi ʻōpala puaʻa, he 4 a 8 mau pēpē i ke kūlohelohe, i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o ka ʻōpio. He ʻokoʻa nā puaʻa me nā holoholona ʻona ʻē aʻe i ka kūkulu ʻana o ka makuahine i kahi rookery kahi e hānau ai a mālama ai i ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā puaʻa.
Ka hōʻino a me nā pono no ke kaiapuni
Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia mau holoholona i nā kaiāulu ulu kahi lākou e noho ai:
- ʻai i nā holoholona make;
- kaohi i ka helu o nā meaola pepelu no nā lāʻau;
- hāpai i ka lepo me ko lākou ihu a me nā kini, kahi e hāpai ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu;
- hohola nā ʻanoʻano, spores fungal, me truffle.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā puaʻa hānai (nā puaʻa hānai i ka nahelehele) e hana i nā mea ʻino a hoʻopōʻino i ka nohona. ʻO kahi laʻana, lawe ʻia nā puaʻa i Australia:
- luku i ka nohona o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona kūloko;
- paipai i ka ulu o ka mauʻu;
- luku i nā wahi hānai a me nā mea kanu;
- hōʻino i ke kaiapuni, ʻeli i ko lākou ihu i ka honua e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
He aha ka hana a ke kanaka i nā puaʻa?
Ua ʻimi nā puaʻa i nā truffles, nā hipa hānai, lawelawe ʻia i mau pāʻani no nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona, hana ʻia i nā pāheʻe a hana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Hoʻohana ʻia nā like anatomical i nā kānaka i nā hoʻokolohua olakino. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiʻo puʻuwai puaʻa i loko o ka puʻuwai kanaka, hoʻopakele ke ake o ka puaʻa, lawe ʻia i loko o ke akepaʻa o nā kānaka me ke kūpaʻa ʻole o ke ake, kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "perfusion."
ʻO ka puaʻa ʻaʻole ʻai wale no nā kānaka, akā ʻo nā holoholona hānai kekahi
ʻIke ʻia nā puaʻa he holoholona akamai, a ua ʻike nā zooologist ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka trainable ma mua o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. ʻO nā puaʻa Vietnamese Vietnam, kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā puaʻa home, ua lilo i mau holoholona aloha nui. Ma mua, mālama ʻia nā puaʻa home i loko o ka hale. Ua kū ka poʻe i ka hale o nā puaʻa no ka nui a me nā hana luku. Lawe ʻia nā puaʻa ʻōpio i loko o ka hale mehana i ka hoʻoilo inā anuanu loa ka hale ʻai. Akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻoili ʻia lākou i ka peni i ko lākou ulu ʻana.
Hoʻoulu puaʻa
Nui nā ʻano puaʻa me nā ʻano like ʻole i kūpono iā lākou no nā wahi like ʻole a me ka hana ʻana i ka huahana i makemake ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia nā puaʻa i nā hōʻike mahiʻai, kahi e loiloi ai ke kiure iā lākou e like me:
- nā hua hānau, ke hoʻohālikelike nei me nā ʻano maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lāhui;
- aiʻole ma ke kūpono no ka luku a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo uku.
Ka hopena o nā puaʻa i ke kaiapuni
ʻO nā heluna nui o nā puaʻa hānai ma ʻAmelika, ʻAukekulelia, Nūhōlani, Hawaii a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi puaʻa maoli ʻaʻole i hānau nā holoholona.
- puaʻa kūloko e holo manuahi a ʻae ʻia paha e hānai i ke kūlohelohe;
- nā puaʻa hihiu, i hoʻolauna ʻia ma ke ʻano he waiwai pio no ka hopu holoholona.
ʻO nā puaʻa ʻāhiu, e like me nā māmela i hoʻonoho hou ʻia, he mau hoʻokele nui ia o ka luku a me ka loli. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia lākou i nā wahi he nui o ka honua a hōʻino i nā mea kanu a me nā hoʻolālā hale a hoʻolaha i nā maʻi. Luku ka puaʻa i nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina, luku i nā mea kanu kūloko a hoʻolaha i ka mauʻu. ʻO:
- hoʻololi i ka nohona;
- hoʻoulu i ka hope o nā mea kanu;
- hoʻemi i ka holoholona i loaʻa i kēia ʻāina.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā puaʻa?
ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o nā puaʻa kūloko he 15 a 20 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o kahi puaʻa hihiu, ʻo 4 a 8 mau makahiki. Loaʻa kēia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka make ma ke ʻano.
Pehea e pale ai nā puaʻa iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻino
ʻO nā puaʻa he holoholona holoholona, akā e ʻimi ʻia nō hoʻi lākou e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ke kūlohelohe. ʻOiai i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, huki lākou i nā mea ʻaihue a hālāwai me lākou, ʻoiai e noho kokoke ana i nā kānaka.
Hilinaʻi nā puaʻa i ka wikiwiki, holo i waho o nā mea ʻino. Ma waho aʻe o ka wikiwiki, hoʻohana lākou i nā niho ʻoniʻoni, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he mea kaua a pale. Minamina, i nā puaʻa kūloko, hemo nā canine no ka mea ʻaʻole manaʻo nā haku ʻona.
ʻO kekahi pale o ka puaʻa he ʻili mānoanoa, kahi mea paʻakikī i ka mea ʻaihue e nahu i ka ʻiʻo. Ma waho o ka hiki kino, hilinaʻi hoʻi nā puaʻa i ka hoʻolohe a me ka pilau. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ka ʻike o ka puaʻa ka mea kaua nui. ʻO ka puaʻa ka helu ʻehā ma waena o nā holoholona akamai loa o ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke maʻalahi i ka predator!
Nā ʻenemi / Predators e ʻimi puaʻa:
- kanaka;
- coyotes;
- hyenas;
- cougars;
- aloha nui;
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio;
- raccoons;
- lynx;
- liona.
Ma waho o nā ʻenemi honua, ʻimi nā puaʻa lele i nā puaʻa:
- pueo;
- ʻaeto.
Lawe nā mea ʻaihue hulu i nā puaʻa i ko lākou pūnana, hōʻeha i nā mākua, nā māiʻu ʻoi loa a me nā nuku e waiho i nā ʻeha hāmama.
