ʻAʻole wale ka wai o ka honua i ka wai, akā ʻo ka wai kai hoʻi. ʻO nā kahawai, nā loko, nā moana, nā kai e hui pū me ka Moana Honua. Noho ia i kahi ākea ma kā mākou honua honua ma mua o ka ʻāina. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hydrosphere me nā mea minamina i paʻakai ʻia. Aia kekahi wahi wai liʻiliʻi ma ka Honua, kūpono i ka inu.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hydrosfer he moana:
- ʻ Indiannia;
- Noho mālie;
- Arctic;
- ʻAkelanika.
ʻO ka muliwai lōʻihi loa ma ka honua ʻo Amazon. ʻO ke kai Caspian ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he loko nui loa e pili ana i ka wahi. No nā kai, ʻo ka Philippines ka nui o ka ʻāina, a ʻo ia nō ka hohonu.
Nā kumuwaiwai o ka haumia o ka hydrosphere
ʻO ka pilikia nui ka haumia o ka hydrosfer. Kapa ka poʻe loea i kēia mau kumuwaiwai o ka haumia o ka wai:
- ʻoihana hana;
- hale noho a me nā lawelawe kaiāulu;
- ka halihali ʻana i nā huahana ʻaila;
- agrochemistry mahiʻai;
- ʻōnaehana halihali;
- hoʻokipa.
Ka hoʻohaumia aila o ka moana
E kamaʻilio hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hanana kikoʻī. E pili ana i ka ʻoihana aila, hoʻokahe ka aila liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka unuhi ʻana o nā mea maka mai ka papa o ke kai. ʻAʻole like kēia me ka pōʻino e like me ka ninini ʻana o ka aila i nā wā pōpilikia tanker. I kēia hihia, uhi ka stain aila i kahi nui. Hoʻopili ka poʻe noho i nā waihona wai ma muli o kaʻae ʻole o ka ʻaila i ka oxygen. ʻO nā iʻa, nā manu, nā molluscs, nā iʻa, nā koholā, a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e make ana, e pau ana ka limu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi i make ma ke kahua o ka ninini o ka aila, a eia kekahi, hoʻololi ke ʻano kemika o ka wai, a lilo ia i kūpono ʻole no nā pono kanaka.
ʻO nā pōʻino nui loa o ka haumia o ka Honua Honua:
- 1979 - ma kahi o 460 mau tona o ka aila i ninini ʻia i ke Kaikuono ʻo Mekiko, a ua hoʻopau ʻia nā hopena ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki;
- 1989 - ua holo aku kahi mokuahi i waho o ke kapakai o Alaska, aneane he 48 tausani mau tona o ka aila i ninini ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi aila nui, a aia he 28 mau ʻano holoholona e kokoke ana e nalowale.
- 2000 - ka aila i ninini ʻia i ke kai kūʻono o Brazil - ma kahi o 1,3 miliona liters, i alakaʻi ʻia ai i kahi pōʻino kaiapuni nui.
- 2007 - ma ke kaila ʻo Kerch, ua holo nui kekahi mau moku, ua hōʻino ʻia, a ua heleleʻi kekahi, sulfur a me ka aila wahie, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka make o nā haneli he nui o nā manu a me nā iʻa.
ʻAʻole kēia wale nō nā hihia, ua nui nā pōʻino nui a me ka waena i hoʻopōʻino nui i nā kaiaolaola o ke kai a me ka moana. He ʻano mau makahiki ke ʻano o ke kū hou ʻana.
Ka hoʻohaumia i nā kahawai a me nā loko
Hoʻopili ʻia nā loko a me nā kahawai e kahe ana ma ka ʻāina e nā hana anthropogenic. Ma ke ʻano maoli i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻolei ʻia ka wai wai i mālama ʻole ʻia i loko o lākou. Hele pū nā mineral a me nā pesticides i loko o ka wai. Kuhi kēia mau mea āpau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wai e hoʻonui ʻia me nā minelala, kahi e kōkua ai i ka ulu ulu ʻana o ka limu. ʻO lākou, ma ka huli, hoʻopau i ka nui o ka oxygen, noho i nā wahi noho o nā iʻa a me nā holoholona o ka muliwai. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka make o nā loko a me nā loko. Minamina, ʻike ʻia ka wai kai o ka ʻāina i ka kemika, radioactive, ka haumia ea o nā muliwai, i kū ʻia ma o ka hewa kanaka.
ʻO ka wai waiwai ka waiwai o ko mākou honua, ʻo ia paha ka nui loa. A ʻo kēia lako lako nui ka poʻe i hiki ke lawe i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hui kemika a me ka lewa o ka hydrosphere, a me nā kamaʻāina e noho ana i nā kahawai, nā kai, nā moana, a me nā palena o nā waihona wai e loli nei. Hiki i nā kānaka ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana wai i mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā wahi wai he nui mai ka luku ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia ke kai Aral ma ke kapakai o ka make, a ke kali nei nā kino wai ʻē aʻe i kona hopena. Ma ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrosfer, e mālama mākou i ke ola o nā ʻano flora a me nā holoholona, a waiho pū i nā waihona wai no kā mākou poʻe mamo.
