ʻEtmiʻi scarab pili pū me ka moʻomeheu o ʻAigupita, nā pharaohs, nā nane o nā pyramid a me nā mummies weliweli. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kona hōʻailona e nā poʻe hikina mai ka wā kahiko, ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ka amulet i ke ʻano o ka pepeke e pale aku ia mai nā pōʻino āpau. Hoʻopiʻi ka scarab i ka hoihoi ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he holoholona totem, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka holoholona lōhiu me kona ʻano ponoʻī o ka lawena a me ka nohona.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Pili ka scarab i ka ʻohana subfamily of beetles dung, pili kēia i ka ʻōwili ʻana o ka beetle i nā pōpō mai ka manure a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou ma kahi lōʻihi a hiki i kona ʻike ʻana i kahi kūpono e mālama ai i kāna mea pio. Ma ke ala, ʻōwili mau ka ʻenekini i ka pōpō i hoʻokahi ala - mai ka hikina a i ke komohana, e like me ka piʻi ʻana a ka lā.
ʻO ia ke kumu scarab beetle ma ʻAigupita kahiko pili me ke akua lā, ka mea i loko o nā kiʻi he kino kanaka a me kahi poʻo scarab. Loaʻa ka ʻenekele i kona homeland wela i ka nui o 4 cm, akā i nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia - a i ka 2 cm.
ʻO ke kino o ka nalo he convex, he ʻano ʻeleʻele hohonu; i nā scarabs ʻōpio he matte ia, akā me ka makahiki e loaʻa iā ia kahi alohi aniani. He ʻokoʻa protrusion frontal ke poʻo me nā maka ʻelua, ʻoki ʻia i nā lobes i hoʻopili ʻia, a me kahi clypeus me nā niho.
Ma ka dorsum aia nā pantereiform elytra, mahalo i ka mea i pale ʻia nā ʻeheu mai ka wela a me ka pōʻino. Lele maikaʻi ka nūnū i loko o nā hola o ke ao wela loa a hiki ke wikiwiki i 11 km / h. Uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae me nā lauoho vellus, ʻokoʻa ke kala i nā kāne a me nā wahine - i ka mua he ʻulaʻula lākou, a ʻo ka hope ʻeleʻele lākou.
Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ka moekolohe ma kēia ʻano pepelu, ʻike wale ʻia lākou e ka ʻokoʻa o ke kala a me kahi ʻaoʻao hope elongated o ke kino o nā wahine. ʻEkolu mau paʻa wāwae ʻ .miu scarab ʻAigupita he spur, a ke ʻeli nei nā mea mua ʻelua, a me nā denticle hoʻi, e ʻae pono iā lākou e pili pono i kahi ʻāpana paʻakikī.
Nā ʻano
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Entomologists ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō o ka ʻiʻo Sacred Scarab, eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau ʻano o nā pepelu like i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana scarabine ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka:
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) armeniacus Menetries;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) cicatricosus;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) variolosus Fabricius;
- Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) winkleri Stolfa.
Ma waho aʻe o ka Kānāwai Hemolele, ka mea i aʻo nui ʻia o nā scarabs ka typhon, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona nui (a i 3 mm), a ʻoi aku ka like o ke kala me ka ʻeleʻele i ka ʻeleʻele. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano āpau o nā nalo i nā aka a me ka nui, a ua māhelehele ʻia ma muli o ka nohona, no laila ua aʻo liʻiliʻi ʻia - ʻae ʻia ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻokoʻa physiological, a like ke ala o ke ola no kēlā me kēia.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻIke ʻia ʻike ʻia ke ola nei ka nalo scarab ma ʻAigupita, eia nō naʻe, noho ʻia ma ka ʻāina nui o ʻApelika a ma ʻEulopa Komohana, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau ke hui aku me kahi ʻelala i kēia mau wahi.
Ma ka penikala Crimean, hopu ka maka i ka maka, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ko ʻAigupita. I Lūkia, kau ka scarab ma ka ʻāina ʻo Dagestan a me Georgia, loaʻa nā heluna liʻiliʻi ma ka Volga haʻahaʻa.
Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe ma Palani, ʻAlapia, Helene a me Turkey - kahi mālie ke aniau, a lōʻihi a wela hoʻi ke kauwela.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoi aku ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻepekema e loaʻa i nā kaha o kahi scarab ma Australia no 20 mau makahiki, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, a ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻaʻole makemake kēia mau nalo i ke kokua ʻana i nā kangaro.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka scarab mai ka waenakonu o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu. ʻEleu ka mea kolo i ke ao, akā i ka pō, inā ʻaʻole mahana ia, hiki ke hohonu i ka honua. Ke hele a wela i ka wā o ke ao, ua kuapo ka nalo i kahi nohona pō.
Kāhea ʻia ka scarab i kahi lepo i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, no ka mea ua kau ʻia kona ola a puni ka neoneo o nā holoholona. Hiki i kekahi mau kaukani beetle ke hoʻolei aku i kahi puʻu manure i hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka manawa e hoʻomaloʻo ai.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO ka mea wale nō, he aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka nalo scarab - manure i waiho ʻia e nā pipi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lepo hou, hana nā mea kolo i poepoe, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona nui. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia nā niho ma ke poʻo, a ʻo nā wāwae o mua, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā lou ʻoi, e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kope.
ʻO ke kumu no ka kinipōpō kahi ʻāpana o ka manure poepoe: hopu ka scarab iā ia me kona mau wāwae hope a hoʻokuʻu ʻole iā ia mai iā lākou a hiki i ka hopena o ke kinipōpō. Ma hope o ka loaʻa o ke kumu kūpono, noho ka nalo i luna a me ke kōkua o nā "mea hana" ma ke alo o ke kino e hoʻomaka e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana o nā mea mai ka nui o ka manure, hoʻopili paʻa iā lākou i ke kumu a hana i kahi pōpō āpau.
I kēia manawa pono ka kolo e kipaku koke aku i ka mea pio i kahi palekana - aia pinepine nā hakakā no ka meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma waena o nā kānaka like ʻole, i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lilo i ka hua o kāu hana. ʻOlokaʻa koke ka beetle i ka pōpō i kahi mamao o kekahi mau ʻumi mau mika, a ʻo ka mamao loa mai kahi o kona hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki e hoʻomohala ai.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ke ala, hiki i nā nalo lepo lepo liʻiliʻi ke noho i ka manure, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka scarab, inā ʻaʻole nui nā puʻupuʻu.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi mehameha e mālama ai i nā lako, ua ʻeli ka mea kolo i kahi lua i ka lepo a kanu i kahi pōpō lepo. No nā lā he 10-14 e hiki mai ana, lilo ka wahi kokoke i ka mea pio i home o ka scarab, no ka mea, lawa ka meaʻai no kēia mau manawa āpau. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kinipōpō aʻe, hana hou ka pōʻaiapuni.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, lilo nā pōpō lepo i kumu no ka hana ʻana o nā scarabs: hui pū kekahi kāne i wahine wahine makua, hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai, a laila mālama pū lākou i ka meaʻai na nā keiki e hiki mai ana.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻeli kahi mau pepelu i kahi alawai me ka hohonu o 10 a 30 cm, i loko o nā paia a lākou e hana ai i kahi hoʻomaha. Mink scarab beetle i ke kiʻi ʻano like me ka anthill me ka puka ākea no ka pahu ʻana i nā pōpō; makemake nā kānaka o kēia laha e ʻeli iā lākou i ka lepo one.
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai, ʻōwili nā scarabs i nā pōpō i loko o ka lua, hoʻohuaʻi ʻia ka wahine e ke kāne, a ma hope e koho ka wahine i nā ʻāpana o ka manure hoʻomākaukau a, me ke kōkua o nā wāwae mua, hana i nā puʻupuʻu like o ka pear.
I ko lākou ʻāpana haʻahaʻa, kau ʻo ia i hoʻokahi larva, maʻa mau mai 4 a 20 o lākou. A laila kanu nā beetles ʻelua i nā keiki e hiki mai ana me nā lako meaʻai a waiho mau loa ia. ʻAʻole ola ka pālua - mai kēlā manawa, mālama pono kēlā me kēia kanaka i kāna meaʻai.
Aia ka pōʻaiapuni ola o kahi scarab i nā hanana 4, i ke kaʻina o ka hala ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea hou:
1.egg (hoʻopaneʻe ʻia e ka wahine, hoʻomau ia i ka popo noho i hana ʻia e ka wahine a 10-12 mau lā);
2.larva (ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 2 mau pule ma hope o ka oviposition a ʻaʻole e loli no hoʻokahi mahina, e hānai ana i nā lako i waiho ʻia e nā mākua);
3. chrysalis (i loko o kēia wā, ua hana mua ʻia ka pepeke, akā ʻaʻole wikiwiki e ʻeli a puka i waho, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hana ia i ka cocoon wahaheʻe a puni ʻo ia a lilo i hana ʻole);
4. mākia scarab (Haʻalele i ka hale pale ke palupalu ka lepo me ka ua ua a hoʻomaka e noho ma ke ʻano he mākua, ʻimi kūʻokoʻa i ka ʻai. Pōkole ke ola o kahi scarab e nā ana o nā kolo - 2 mau makahiki, i ke aniau me nā hoʻoilo anuanu, ke kakali nei ka nalo i nā hau, ke hana nei i nā lako a hūnā i nā lua hohonu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e lohi nā hana o ke ola, ʻaʻole ia i hibernate.
Nā kōkua a me nā pōʻino i nā kānaka
ʻEtmiʻi scarab ʻaʻole weliweli no ke kanaka: ʻaʻole ia e hoʻouka a hōʻino paha i nā lako meaʻai a mea kanu paha. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koena meaola, kōkua ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lepo me nā minelala a pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā parasites i loko o lākou, me ka haʻi ʻole aku i ka pilau o ka manure.
ʻO nā tunnels a ka pepeke e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāna mau keiki e lilo i ʻano kukui no ka lepo, e hāʻawi ana i ke komo ʻana o oxygen i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. ʻAigupita scarab beetle - kahi hōʻailona, ka mālama ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka Sun God a me ka poʻe. Manaʻo ʻia hele pū ka ʻenekala me kekahi kanaka i ka honua a me ka hope, e hōʻike ana i ka lā i ka puʻuwai.
ʻOiai ke ola nei ko ʻAigupita, lure ka Holy Scarab i ka laki maikaʻi, hāʻawi i ka lōʻihi a me ka pōmaikaʻi, pale ʻia mai nā ʻuhane ʻino a lawe mai i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka make, kōkua ka mea kolo e loaʻa ke ola hou, ʻoiai ka hoʻomana ʻana o ko ʻAigupita i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka make ʻole o ka ʻuhane. ʻOiai i kēia lā, ʻo ka poʻe hilinaʻi ma ʻAigupita e kau i kahi figurine o kahi scarab i hana ʻia i nā keramika, nā mea hao a i ʻole nā aniani i loko o ke kanu ʻana.
I ka wā kahiko, he kuʻuna ko ka poʻe o nā kapa o ka Nile e mummify ai i nā mea hanohano, a laila kau ʻia kahi scarab liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia me ka mea kila a hoʻonani ʻia me nā pōhaku ma kahi o ka puʻuwai i lawe ʻia. Pili ka moʻomeheu me ka ʻike i ka naʻau ka mea nui o ke ola o ke kanaka, no laila nalo scarab kahiko ua kāhea ʻia e kōkua i ke germ o ke ola hou.
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻAigupita o kēia manawa, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e mālama i ka make ma ke ʻano he hiki ʻole, akā ʻaʻole i nalo ka hōʻailona o ka scarab mai ko lākou ola. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi o ka nalo e ʻōwili nei i kāna kinipōpō e laki maikaʻi ai nā haumāna - ma hope o nā mea āpau, he pepelu mai ʻōpala e hana i kahi kiʻi geometric kūpono, ʻoiai e hana ikaika nei.
Kōkua ʻo ia i ka poʻe hana e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pahuhopu, hana a hoʻohuli i nā mea maʻalahi i ka nānā mua ʻana i nā hana noʻeau. No nā wahine, ʻo ka scarab ka mea mālama i ka nani pau ʻole a me ka lōʻihi, no ka mea, ua manaʻo mua ʻia ia he hōʻailona o ke ola.
No ka moekolohe ikaika, lawe ʻia ka ʻike i nā hoa a me nā kauka kālā kiʻekiʻe. Manaʻo nui ko ʻAigupita i ka hōʻino ʻia o ka hōʻailona scarab e nā ʻelele o kahi manaʻoʻiʻo ʻē aʻe e huhū ana i nā mana kiʻekiʻe a hiki i kahi hōʻino pōʻino.
No ke aha ka moeʻuhane o ka scarab?
Hoʻokomo pinepine ka moemoeā i kahi kanaka e hoʻonā i kahi pilikia a i ʻole ke kūkala i ka pilikia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, lawe kahi pepeke laʻa i loko o ka moeʻuhane i kekahi manaʻo, a he mea nui ia e wehewehe pono. E hoʻomaopopo no ke aha ka moeʻuhane o ka beable beable, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kikoʻī āpau o ka hiamoe a kuhikuhi ʻana i kekahi mau puke moemoeā:
— Puke moemoeā a Miller: maopopo ka scarab hiki ke loaʻa ka holomua inā ʻoe e hoʻolaʻa iā ʻoe iho i ka ʻoihana ʻoi loa a hana i nā hana e hoʻopau i ka hana;
— Puke moemoeā Gipo: hoʻohiki kahi kolo i ka laki a ʻae i ke ala i koho ʻia e ka mea moeʻuhane, akā inā wale nō e moeʻuhane kahi scarab lele;
— Puke moemoeā hikina: inā ma ka waha ka nalo, pono e unuhi ʻia ka moeʻuhane ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka hilahila ʻole a me ka mālama ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo. Pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā haʻiʻōlelo ahi, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia;
— ʻO ka puke moemoeā ʻo Aesop: e loaʻa i kahi scarab i loko o kou moena ponoʻī - e loaʻa koke i ka hapa lua;
— Puke moemoeā Asuria: inā he nīnū mai nahu mai ka moeʻuhane, hiki ke nānā ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka mana huna o kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka hopena o ka mea moeʻuhane. Inā hala ka nahu me ke kahakaha ʻole - ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu ai, inā ʻike ʻia kahi abscess ma kona wahi - nā hana a nā ʻenemi e lawe iā lākou i ka hopena i makemake ʻia;
— Puke moemoeā Noble: hoʻohiki kahi scarab nui i nā mea huna ʻoluʻolu ʻole a puni ke kanaka i moeʻuhane. Lawe lākou i kahi mea hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino a hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i nā pilina me nā mea aloha;
— Puke moemoeā o kēia manawa: ʻO ka nalo scarab i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka moeʻuhane e kahi kaikamahine ʻōpio e hoʻohiki i kahi male mua, akā inā kolo ka mea kolo, ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka male ʻana.
Inā i loko o ka moeʻuhane ka scarab ʻaʻole kūpaʻa wale ia, akā neʻe a pilina paha i kekahi ala me ka mea moeʻuhane, haʻalele kēia i ka wehewehe o ka moe.
- he kolo i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka amber no ka mea koke ʻoe e lawe i ka ukana o ke kuleana no ka hopena o kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe;
- kahi mea hoʻonaninani makamae ma ke ʻano o ka moemoeā scarab o ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻole ʻia - e lanakila ana i ka lotiri, ka hoʻoilina a i ʻole ka makana;
- ke kiʻi o kahi nalo ma nā mea o ka home e hoʻohiki i ka mea moeʻuhane i ke ola ʻohana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina me nā keiki a me ka wahine;
- kahi huhū i ka moeʻuhane no kahi scarab a i ʻole kāna mau meaʻai kikoʻī e hōʻike ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻolaha ʻia nā lono maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka mea moeʻuhane, hiki ke hōʻino i nā pilina me nā mea aloha;
- kahi ʻōpala lepo i loko o ka pā e ao ana i ka hana ʻana i nā hana nui, keu hoʻi me nā poʻe i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia: nui ka likelika o ka lilo ʻana o ke kālā;
- inā hele ka scarab i ke ala a i ʻole ma ke ala wale nō, aia kahi hālāwai e hoʻopili i ka hopena o ka mea moemoeā.
ʻO ka scarab, ʻoiai kona ʻano makaʻu a me kona waihoʻoluʻu luʻuluʻu, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohiki i nā pilikia nui a i ʻole nā pilikia olakino i ka moeʻuhane. ʻAʻole like me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe he nui, lilo ia i kahu o ke kūleʻa inā hoʻopukapuka ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Hoʻokomo ʻia ka beable scarab i loko o ka Red Book ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā kānaka a puni ka honua, aia ia ma lalo o ka pale, a ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻelele o ka laha e hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ka uku.
- Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ua loaʻa he 8 mau ʻano o ka nalo ʻōpala, akā aneane hiki ʻole ke hālāwai me lākou ma ke ala waena - noho kokoke lākou i nā wahi wela o ko mākou ʻāina.
- Hiki i kahi hua manu i kau ʻia e kahi scarab wahine ke hiki i 3 cm ke anawaena a kau ʻia i 2 gram, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
- No ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka nalo ke kūkulu i tunnel 2.5 - 3 mau mika ka hohonu, e hoʻopihapiha ana i luna a me nā pōpō lepo.
- Ke kaupaona ʻana o kahi kinipōpō i hana ʻia e kahi scarab hiki ke piʻi i 50 mau gram me ke kaupaona ponoʻī o kahi ʻenekeka o 2-4 mau huna.
- ʻO nā peʻa e hōʻike nei i kahi nalo scarab i ka wā kahiko i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ke ala hou ʻana, i kēia mau lā ua hana ʻia lākou e loaʻa ai ka hilinaʻi a me ka ikaika e neʻe i ka pahuhopu i manaʻo ʻia.
- He mau papalina ko ka pehu lepo, māka ʻia lākou ma ke poʻo me nā ʻulaʻula.
- I loko o nā hua āpau i kau ʻia, ʻikea nā mea hou, akā i waena o lākou he mau mea olakino ʻole a i ʻole nā mutated - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola i 3 mau mahina.
- Ua lawe mai nā ʻepekema o Ausetalia i nā scarabs i loko o ka ʻāina i ʻehā mau manawa i nā makahiki 1980, ke hiki ʻole i nā ʻenekia kūloko ke kūpaka i ka hana ʻana o ka hānai holoholona ma muli o ka wela maʻamau, ua kōkua nā beetles e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, akā ʻaʻole i hānau a ʻaʻa ʻole i ka ʻāina nui.
No laila, ua loaʻa ka ʻike ākea i ka beable scarab ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he lepo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me kahi mea nāna e hoʻopakele mai nā koena meaola, akā he holoholona laʻa hoʻi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona ʻAigupita wale nō o ka Holy Scarab i nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pepeke ma nā mea hale, nā peʻa a me nā kāhiko. Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia he figurine o kahi nalo, i kāhiko nui ʻia me nā pōhaku a hana ʻia i nā metala maikaʻi, e lawe mai ka laki maikaʻi a pale aku i nā pilikia.
