Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻai ʻānai mai ka ʻohana hawk ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAkia komohana. Makemake kēia mea ʻaihue lā ʻole e luku i nā pūnana ʻōpala a ʻai i nā ʻūlū, ʻo ia ke kumu i kupu ai ka inoa o ka manu. Hoʻohui, aloha ka mea ʻaihue i nā larvae o nā nalo, bbebe, beetles, amphibians, rodents a me nā manu liʻiliʻi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAi ʻai holoi he mea ʻaihue nui me nā ʻēheu ololi a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Ma ka lae a puni nā maka, aia nā hulu wili pōkole e like me nā unahi iʻa. ʻEleʻele ka hope i ke kala, ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻōpū, i kekahi manawa e lilo i kukui.
Kāhiko ʻia ke kino o ka manu me nā laina longitudinal a me transverse. Nui nā kala o nā hulu lele: ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele i luna, ma lalo - māmā me nā māka pouli ma ʻō. Hāpai ka hulu o ka huelo i ʻekolu mau kaha ʻeleʻele ākea ākea - ʻelua ma ke kumu a ʻo kekahi ma ka piko o ka huelo.
Aia kekahi mau kānaka i kahi kala mono, ʻeleʻele maʻamau. ʻO nā maka o kahi mea hōʻano ʻino he ʻōlani melemele a ʻalani paha. Nuku ʻeleʻele a me nā māiʻuʻu pouli ma nā wāwae melemele. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio ke poʻo māmā a me nā kiko kukui ma ke kua.
ʻAno palaoa
Ma waho aʻe o ka mea ʻai ʻūpē maʻamau, loaʻa pū ka mea ʻai ʻūpā crested (hikina) i ke ʻano. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia laha ma mua o ka wasp-eater maʻamau 59-66 cm ka lōʻihi, kaupaona mai 700 gram a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokilo, ʻēheu ma waena o 150-170 cm. ʻO kaʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
He māka ʻulaʻula ko nā kāne ma kā lākou huelo a ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā wahine i ke kala, me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele a me ka hōʻailona huelo melemele. Aia nā kaha 4-6 i ka huelo. Hoʻohālike nā ʻōpio i nā wahine āpau, a laila ikaika ka ʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano crested ma ka hema o Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina, ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Salair a me Altai. ʻAi ʻia i nā nūpē a me nā cicadas.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO nā pūnana ʻai o Wasp ma Suedena ma ka ʻākau hikina a hiki i ka Ob a me Yenisei ma Siberia, ma ka hema o ke kai Caspian ma ka palena me ʻIrani. ʻO ka mea ʻai Wasp kahi manu neʻe i ka hoʻoilo ma ke komohana a me ka waena o ʻApelika. I ʻAukake-Kepakemapa, hele nā mea ʻino i nā holoholona i nā ʻāina mehana. Lele hou ka mea ʻai holoi holoi i ka pūnana i ka puna.
Noho ka mea ʻai ʻōpelu i ka ulu lāʻau, aloha i ka pulu a me ka māmā, nā ululāʻau deciduous aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai, kahi e nui ai nā meaʻai e pono ai. Makemake i nā lau nahele, nā nāhelehele a me nā nāhelehele.
ʻO nā wahi noho a me nā wahi me kahi ʻoihana mahiʻai hoʻomohala e kāpae pinepine ʻia e nā nalo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i nā kānaka ke ʻimi holoholona nei i nā nalo hihiu. Wahi a nā poʻe ʻike maka, hoʻomau ka noho ʻana o ka mea ʻai ʻōpelu i ka mea e nānā ai i ka mea pio, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ke kanaka.
Pilikia loa nā kāne a pale ikaika i ko lākou ʻāina, kahi e piʻi ai i 18-23 sq. Noho nā wahine i kahi ākea, 41-45 sq.m., akā ʻike pono i ka poʻe kipa. Pili paha kā lākou waiwai i nā ʻāina o haʻi.
ʻO ka maʻamau, akā, ma kahi o 100 sq.m. ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ka ʻekolu mau pūnana pūnana. ʻO ka mea ʻai ʻūpā i ke kiʻi he nani a nani ia: hohola ka manu i kona poʻo a hāʻawi i kona ʻāʻī i mua. ʻO nā ʻeheu e like me ka piʻo i ka lele lele ʻana. Hūnā ke ʻano o nā manu, akahele. ʻAʻole maʻalahi lākou e nānā, koe wale nō i ka wā o nā lele kau, kau a me nā lele i ka hema.
I ka manawa o nā lele, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā hui a 30 mau kānaka, hoʻomaha pū a hele hou i kahi lele. I kekahi manawa lele lele wale lākou no ka hoʻoilo a ʻai ʻole i ka wā o ka huakaʻi, me ka ʻoluʻolu me nā waiwai momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ke kauwela.
Meaʻai kūpono
Noho ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpelu i kahi manawa pōkole e lele ai, ke hānai nei lākou i nā lālā a me ka honua. Hūnā ka mea ʻaihue i nā lālā o nā lāʻau a kali a lele nā nalo. Nānā ka manu i kahi lua ma kahi pūnana o ka honua, poho iho i ka honua a lawe aku i nā larvae me kona mau māiʻuʻu a me kona nuku.
ʻO nā pūnana ma luna manu ʻūlū ʻaihue pū kekahi. Hopu aku nō hoʻi ia i nā peʻapeʻa lele, akā ma mua o ka ale ʻana, huki ʻo ia i ke kuʻi. Hānai ka predator i kāna keiki me nā larvae i piha i ka protein a me nā meaola. Hoomanawanui ka mea ʻai ʻānai ma ke alualu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hiki ke noho mālie no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa. I kahi lā, pono i kahi mea ʻai ʻōpelu e ʻike i nā pūnana nūhou he 5, a me kāna moa - a hiki i hoʻokahi kaukani larva.
ʻO ka pīpī a me ka larva ka mea ʻai nui, akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole loaʻa mau ka nui i nā kūlana maoli, pono ka ʻona me nā moʻo, nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻenuhe, nā nananana, nā ʻūhini, nā koʻokoʻo, nā rana, nā hua ulu a me nā huaʻai Ua kāhea ka Pelekania i ka buzzard meli "Honey Buzzard", akā he kuhi hewa ʻole kēia. Makemake ka manu i nā nalo, kākaʻikahi wale ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nalo meli, a ʻai ʻole i ka meli.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He monogamous ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpala a hana hoʻokahi wale nō pālua no ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ko lākou ola ʻana. Hoʻomaka ke kau moʻo ʻekolu pule ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana mai nā wahi hema. Hiki mai ka manawa no ka hulahula: lele ke kāne, lele i nā ʻeheu ma luna o kona kua a hoʻi hou i lalo i ka honua. Pūnana ʻai poʻe ʻōpala kūkulu i luna, ma nā lāʻau 10-20 m mai ka honua.
ʻOiai ʻo ka makemake o ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpelu i nā ululāʻau, makemake lākou i nā wahi ākea kokoke. Kū ka pūnana i ka mahina o Mei, no laila nā lālā ʻōpio me nā lau e lilo i mea kūkulu hale. Hana nā lālā a me nā lālā i ke kumu, a mai loko aku e pālahalaha nā mea āpau me nā lau a me ka mauʻu i hiki i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ke hūnā mai ka makaʻu.
He 60 cm ka laulā o ka pūnana. Hiki i nā mea ʻai holoi holoi ke noho i ka pūnana like no nā kau he nui, no ka mea maʻamau ka paʻa o nā pūnana a lawelawe i mau makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomoe nā wahine i 2-3 mau hua ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia mau lā, ʻo ka manawa incubation he 34-38 mau lā. Hoʻokomo ka wahine a me nā kāne i ka paʻa i ka ʻelua.
ʻO nā pule mua ma hope o ka hatching, ʻo ka makuakāne ka mea ʻai wale nō, a hoʻomehana mau ka wahine i ka pūnana. Mai ka hebedoma ʻekolu, loaʻa nā mākua ʻelua i ka meaʻai i loko o kahi radius a i 1000 m mai ka pūnana. Hānai ʻia nā chicks me nā larvae a me nā pupae. Hānai nā mākua i nā keiki hānau hou no 18 mau lā.
A laila aʻo nā keiki i ke kūʻokoʻa: ʻo lākou iho ka mea i haki i nā kāhuna a ʻai i ka larva. Ma hope o 40 mau lā, hoʻomaka lākou e lawe i ka ʻeheu, akā hānai mau nā mākua iā lākou. A ʻo ʻAukake, ulu aʻe nā moa a lilo i makua. Lele haʻahaʻa ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpala, akā maikaʻi ka lele, hiki ke hoʻokele. I ka huina, ola nā mea ʻai ʻōpala i 30 mau makahiki.
Ka leo o ka mea ʻai holoi
Ka leo o ka mea ʻai holoi ʻano like ʻole, "kiii-ee-ee" a i ʻole "ki-kki-ki" wikiwiki. ʻO ka maʻamau o kēia mau manu he hāmau, akā i kahi manawa o ka makaʻu, i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona leo.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- No ka hoʻoilo, makemake ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpē e noho i nā wahi me ka maha like me ka pūnana.
- ʻO ka mea ʻai ʻai ʻōpelu kahi manu liʻiliʻi loa a makemake nui ka poʻe e ʻai inā e ʻai ka ʻāpā i ka puke ʻula a ʻaʻole paha. ʻAe, ua helu ʻia ka ʻāpā ma ka puke ʻula ʻĀina ʻo Tula.
- I ka wā alualu, noho manu ʻole nā manu ma nā lālā. No laila, ua hoʻoponopono nā ornithologists e hoʻoponopono i ka mea ʻai ʻūpē, kahi i noho me ka ʻole o hoʻokahi neʻe no ʻelua hola kanahākūmāhiku minuke
- Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli kaukani ʻānai ʻai ʻāpā e lele ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma luna o Gibraltar, e hele ana no ʻApelika, a ʻo kekahi iwakāluakūmālima tausani hou aʻe - ma luna o ka Bosphorus. Akoakoa nā manu i nā hui nui, a hemo koke i ka hiki ʻana mai.
- Ke ulu nei nā moa, huki iā lākou iho i nā larvae mai nā waihona, nā mea a ko lākou mau mākua e hāpai ai a hoʻāʻo nui a i kekahi manawa e ʻokiʻoki lākou i ko lākou mau pūnana.
- No ke aha makaʻu ʻole ka nalo ʻana a me ka nīnūnē i nā nalo? ʻO ka mea huna i loko o nā hulu kūikawā, ka mea, liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele, mānoanoa a wīwī, hana i kahi mea pale paʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻokokoke aku. ʻAʻohe mana o nā ʻūpā a me nā nalo meli i mua o ka uhi hulu mānoanoa, a hoʻopau ʻole ʻia nā mea kolo. Hoʻohui ʻia, uhi ʻia nā hulu o ka manu me ka aila e kipaku aku ai i nā nalo a me nā pi. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻūlū i ko lākou alelo: manu, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i nā nalo meli, haehae i kā lākou ʻāʻī.
- ʻO ka mea ʻai holoi ka mea ʻai wale nō e lele ma luna o Vespa mandarinie hornets. Nui loa lākou a ʻino nā mea ʻino ʻino loa me ka lako o ka lāʻau make a me kahi ʻū ʻoi o 6 mm.
- Kūkulu pinepine ka poʻe ʻai ʻōpelu i ko lākou mau pūnana ma luna o kā haʻi, e laʻa, he moa. Hoʻohuli ia i kahi hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hale no kekahi mau makahiki.
- ʻOiai he mea hūnā ka mea ʻai ʻūpū, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o nā ʻepekema ornithological no ka manawa lōʻihi ke hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻai ʻana o kēia manu i nā nalo. Aia wale nō nā kaʻao a me nā lono. A i kekahi mau makahiki wale nō i hala, ua hiki i kahi hui o nā mea hoʻonaninani Kepanī ke ʻike maka a palapala i ka mea e ʻai ai ka mea ʻai nū i kahi pūnana o ka pū. Ua ʻaneʻane he ʻumikūmāwalu makahiki ka lōʻihi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻepekema.
- E like me ka mea i lilo, i ke pio ʻana, hiki i ka mea ʻai ʻōpelu ke ʻai i ka meaʻai maʻamau. No laila, i loko o nā zoo, he mea maʻamau ka hānai ʻana i nā mea ʻai ʻōpala me ka ʻiʻo, ka tī, nā ʻoma a me nā hua manu. ʻO ka pinepine, ua kāwili ʻia kēia huahana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kolo, nā ʻalekiki, nā ʻāpā, nā zoophobes a me nā mea hoʻomāinoino.
- ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōpelu phlegmatic, lohi. ʻO ka lohi maoli ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea ʻai ʻūpē e alualu i ka mea pio no ka manawa lōʻihi a paʻa i ka wahi hoʻokahi me ka neʻe ʻole a i kekahi mau hola.
- Loaʻa i nā mea ʻai ʻōpala nā parasite i makemake e kaʻana like i kahi ʻaina awakea me ia. I ka manawa i nānā aku ai nā kamaʻāina i ka wā o ʻekolu mau nuthatches i kīwī ai i nā ʻiʻo isp mai nā waihona.
- ʻO ka piko ma ke poʻo o ka mea ʻai ʻūpū crest wale nō i kahi ʻano pīhoihoi, a i ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka mea ʻokoʻa mai ka mea ʻai ʻūpē maʻamau.
- ʻAʻole weliweli ka mea ʻai ʻānai i nā mea hānai holoholona ʻāmaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e ʻimi i nā nalo meli. ʻAi wale ʻo ia i nā nalo meli a me nā nalo ma ka nāhelehele, ma ka honua nui.
- ʻAi ka mea ʻai ʻūpē, paʻahau i ke kakali i ka mea pio, makaʻu ʻole i ka poʻe. Ke kū nei i kahi kanaka, hoʻomau ʻo ia e noho a nānā i kāna mea pio.
- ʻAi ka moa ʻai ʻōpelu crested i ka liʻiliʻi he 100 mau gram o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. • No ka hānai ʻana i hoʻokahi moa, pono e ʻike nā mākua ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi larva tausani.
- I ka wā hānai, kēlā me kēia keiki ʻai ʻai ʻūpū ʻai i ka nui o nā ʻūlū ma kahi o ʻelima mau kilokika, ma kahi o kanalima mau larva.
- ʻElua mau moa i loko o ka pua, kahi e luku ai nā mākua ma kahi o ʻeono mau pūnana ʻoi i kēlā me kēia lā.
- Loaʻa i nā mākua ma kahi o iwakālua tausani mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia lā, e lele ana mai ka pūnana a i kahi o ka mea pio a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
- ʻImi pinepine nā mea ʻai holoi i nā hui pālua: noho kokoke kekahi, makaʻala, a me nā "hana" ʻē aʻe - e hōʻino ana i ka pūnana o ka pepeiaohao.
- I mea e hoʻoweliweli aku ai i nā mea hoʻomake, hana nā mea ʻai ʻōpala i ka hana koʻikoʻi: lawe lākou i ka lepo o nā moa liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka pūnana.
- He pāpālua kā ka nīpā - he manu like me ia - ka buzzard. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka nalo, aia nā kaha ma nā hulu a me kahi lele nani loa, manuahi hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o Buzzard, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o Rūsia i nā ululāʻau a me nā steppes.
Kuhi hewa pinepine ka poʻe i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēlā mea ʻai ʻūpā - ʻenemi maikaʻi loa. I ka manawa i ʻike ai ka poʻe hahai holoholona i kahi mea ʻai nū ma kahi ʻālea i make a manaʻo lākou ua make ʻo ia a ke ʻai nei nō. I ka hāmama ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka manu i make, ua loaʻa nā nalo cadaverous wale nō i loaʻa iā lākou.
Pahu ʻia kekahi mea ʻai ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hele wāwae ana i nā keiki pipi pheasant ʻōpio. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻai nā ʻāpā i nā pheasants ʻōpio. Eia nō naʻe, makehewa: ʻo ka ʻānai ʻai wale nō e pono ai nā ʻūhini wale nō ... ʻAi ʻai holoi He manu hoihoi loa ia, manu ʻole e noho ana ma nā paiwa monogamous. He mea makaʻu ʻole ia i nā kānaka a no laila ʻaʻohe kumu no ka luku ʻia.
