ʻO ke kanaka o kēia ao e waiwai i kona olakino e nānā pono i ka papaʻai pololei a kaulike hoʻi. ʻO nā minelala a me nā huaora i loaʻa i ka iʻa iʻa e lilo ia i huahana pono i kā mākou papaʻai. ʻO ka iʻa ʻulaʻula, i kūpono ke nānā ʻia he hanohano, ʻike ʻia he kūpono loa.
ʻO kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana salemona iʻa char... Ma waho aʻe o nā waiwai kūpono a me nā meaʻai, ua kaulana kēia ʻano wai wai no nā ʻano ʻono maikaʻi loa. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he kaulana nui ka char ʻaʻole wale ma waena o nā kuke, akā ua ʻike pū ʻia i kāna noi i ka papa lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ke kūkākūkā nei nā ʻepekema-ichthyologists i ke kumu o char, kona ʻano lāhui, nā ʻano o ka nohona, etc. No laila, palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia kēia ʻano iʻa i kēia manawa.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona loa o ka char kona unahi unahi, i ʻike maka ʻole ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. He paheʻe a palupalu ia, no laila hāʻawi ia i ka manaʻo he ʻōlohelohe ka iʻa. No laila ka inoa o ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana salemona. Char ma ke kiʻi he nani a hanohano ke nānā aku, maopopo koke ka elite o ka iʻa, a no laila ʻaʻole nani wale, akā pono pū kekahi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i ka char mai nā ʻano iʻa ʻulaʻula ʻo ia ka palena iki o nā blotches ʻeleʻele i ke kino, a i ʻole ko lākou haʻalele piha ʻana. Aia i ka laha, ʻaʻohe ona ʻeleʻele, akā keʻokeʻo, beige a i ʻole nā kiko ʻalani, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona mua aia i mua ou kēia ʻano iʻa.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka char kona ʻano: hiki ke noho maʻa a neʻe paha. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano i ka wā hoʻoulu huaʻai. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoi aku ka makemake o kēia iʻa i ka noho kaʻawale, me ka hana kākaʻikahi o nā kula. Mālama maʻalahi i nā mahana wai haʻahaʻa, char hoʻololi pinepine i ka nohona. I kēia hihia, hoʻololi ka ʻiʻo o ka mea noho wai i ke kala.
ʻOiai nā ʻano, i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei o kēia mea noho wai, ʻo nā ʻāpana āpau āpau nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole:
- kipaku ʻia ke kino, ʻano torpedo, ka mea e kōkua i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana i ka wai;
- nui ke poʻo, kihi nā maka, hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻoki kua huelo;
- ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka iwi ā lalo i ka pili o luna, nui ka waha;
- i ke alo o nā kiko, hoʻopuehu liʻiliʻi ʻia lākou a puni ke kino;
- ʻo ke kala nui o nā pā paʻakai he ʻōpū māmā, nā ʻaoʻao kālā a me kahi kua hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo; i ka wai hou, loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino nā pale polū-polū e uhi i kēlā me kēia i ka wai holo;
- pili ka nui o ka char i ka nohona a me nā laha: hiki i nā kānaka kai ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1 m a kaupaona ʻia he 15-16 kg, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kai wai kai - me ka lōʻihi o 50 cm ka nui o 1.5-2 kg. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa he wai hou. Hiki i ka nui o hoʻokahi kanaka ke hōʻea i 30 kg.
ʻIʻo Loach, ke hoʻomākaukau pono ia, kapa ʻia ʻo nā huahana papaʻai. I mea e maikaʻi ʻole ai ka pā, akā maikaʻi nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokau ʻia kēia iʻa i ka mālama wela kūpono.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻino i kahi huahana waiwai inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka pepa kini a i ʻole ka paila mahu i ke kuke ʻana iā ia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nui iwi e hana i ka iʻa iʻa.
Nā ʻano
Hōʻike ka wahi nohona char i nā ʻano salemona i kekahi o nā ʻano o ia ʻano. Ma waena o nā mea maʻamau ʻo:
1. Arctic. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, ʻo kēia ka lāhui kahiko loa i pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻē aʻe kekahi o nā kumukūʻai nui loa. Nui loa nā mea kikoʻī, kaupaona ʻia he 15-16 kg, a hiki i ka 90 cm ka lōʻihi. Ua helu ʻia kēlā kanaka i loko o ka Red Book, no laila ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana.
2. Ozerny. ʻO kahi lāhui char sedentary ʻaʻole prone i ka neʻe ʻana. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau ʻāpana, ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me ka nui a me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o kekahi kanaka he 45 cm. ʻO ka paona moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o nā ʻohana char Lake i hōʻea i 30 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 150 cm.
3. Ruchevoy. Makemake kēia ʻano char e ulu a hoʻonui i nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai kuahiwi. Piʻi mālie ia, akā ʻo ka nui o kāna heluna kanaka ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka trout mai kēia mau wai wai. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o kēia ʻano iʻa ka tiger char, a, e like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, ua kū mai ma ke ʻano he keʻa o ka noho wai i loko o ka nīnau a me ka iʻa.
4. Pākīpika (Kamchatka). Nui ka nui o nā kānaka o kēia ʻano, ma ka awelika 10 kg, ʻokoʻa lākou mai ka arctic e ke kala. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he anadromous - i loko o ka wā spawning, hoʻomaka ʻo Kamchatka char i ka neʻe nui ʻana i nā kahawai a me nā loko wai hou.
5. ʻO Boganidsky. Wahi a nā ʻepekema mai Siberia, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano char ma ke ʻano he keu pono nui loa ma muli o ka nui o nā omega acid i loko o kāna ʻiʻo. Liʻiliʻi kona helu, no laila, kākaʻikahi loa ka hālāwai ʻana me kēlā iʻa.
6. Mīkini (avdyushka). Pili ke char i ke kauoha o nā carps, loaʻa ia i loko o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, nā loko a me nā waihona wai, kahi ma lalo o ke one a me kahi kahe wikiwiki o ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki iki ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i 20 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka laha ke kū o nā antennae triple. Ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, kanu ka avdyushka iā ia iho i ke one o ka lalo, no laila ʻaʻohe wahi e hopu ai i kēia wā.
Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i luna, aia kekahi melemele char, char, davatchan, Dolly Varden char, a ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e lilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka wai kai paʻakai, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia iʻa iʻa iʻa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka noho ʻole ʻana o ka wai i kahelehele ʻia i loko o ke kai, akā i loko o kona wā e makemake ai e waiho i ka waha o ka muliwai kahi i neʻe mai ai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Iʻa Char ma kona ʻano, he kanaka mahiʻai, ʻaʻole ʻano iki nā hipa. ʻO ka poʻe o kēia ʻano salemona he unpretentious i nā mahana haʻahaʻa o ka wai, no laila ko lākou wahi noho he kino wai i ka ʻākau ʻākau.
ʻAe maʻalahi ka predator i nā loli i nā pae paʻakai, kahi e hiki ai i kekahi ʻano neʻe mai kekahi wahi a kahi noho ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ka pickiness o ka char i ka meaʻai i ka nui o ke ola; me ke kūlike like e hiki ke hānai i nā meaola ola ʻelua, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho me he mea ʻino, a me nā flora wai.
Nui loa ka char char. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lako o ka meaʻai, hele ʻo ia i "huakaʻi", neʻe i kahi mamao mai kona kino wai kūloko. I Rūsia, ʻo ka lunamakaʻāinana o nā salmonid e nānā ʻia nei ʻike pinepine ʻia ma Western Siberia, nā ipu Baikal a me Amur, a me ka Teritori Trans-Ural.
Hoʻomaopopo nā lawaiʻa i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko, nā kahawai kuahiwi ola ke char waena-nui. ʻO nā mea kaumaha he mea maʻamau i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā waihona wai nui, a mai haʻalele i nā wahi e hoʻomoana ai no kahi mamao.
ʻO ka mea kūikawā o char ka mea e noho ana i ka wai hou, ma ke ʻano he hele, e hele i ke kai e hua, a ʻo ka poʻe i ulu i ka wai paʻakai e hoʻomoe i nā hua i loko o nā kino wai hou. ʻO nā mea koe wale nō ka loko char, kahi mea noho a spawn kahi i ulu ai lākou.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia iʻa ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he unpretentious loa ia i ka meaʻai. I ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he 2-3, hoʻomaka ka poʻe noho wai o kēia laha e hana i nā hoʻouka ʻai, a ma laila lākou e hōʻike ai iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he predators hana. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou e ka liʻiliʻi cod, capelin, pollock, gerbil, goby, smelt, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole hōʻole ʻo Loach i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, molluscs a me nā ilo wai, nā ʻelala.
ʻOiai ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he iʻa i makemake i ka noho kaʻawale, i ka wā hānai, ʻākoakoa nā mea ʻino i nā kula (nā kula). Mālama nui kēia i ka hopu holoholona, a mālama ʻia mai nā hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e nā iʻa predatory nui aʻe. I ka manawa like, aia ka hanauna ʻōpio o char ma lalo o ka pale a me ka pale o ka poʻe kahiko. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hoʻonui i ka nui o ke ola o nā lāhui.
Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ke olaola o ka char ke hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻina hana metabolic o ka digestion, a me ka nui o nā ʻōpū, me kahi ʻimi kūleʻa, hoʻopiha i ka hiki, hiki i ka iʻa ke noho me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e loli kona olakino a me kona kaumaha i kekahi ʻano.
Aia ke kū hoʻokahi o ka char i ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia i ka wā o ka spawning. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka luhi o ka neʻe ʻana no ka hānai ʻana me ka nele o ka meaʻai, lilo ka ikaika o ka char i kona ikaika a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e make i ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka spawning char iʻa ʻulaʻula hāʻule i waenakonu o ka puna, ʻApelila, a pau i Mei-Iune. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka kekahi ʻano o ka predator i ka hānau keiki kokoke i ka kauwela. ʻO ka makahiki o nā kanaka makua he 3-5 mau makahiki. Aia kēia kumu i ka palapala honua o ka wahi a me ka char char.
Koho nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana salemona e noho ana i nā waihona wai wai papakū i nā wai pāpaʻu, nā kahawai a i ʻole nā auwai no ka hānai ʻana i hiki ke hāʻawi i nā keiki e hiki mai ana me ka nui o ka oxygen.
Haʻalele nā huakaʻi kai neʻe i nā wahi noho a hele e hanau i nā kahawai a me nā loko me ka wai hou. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i nā ālaina ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka muliwai, a i ʻole ma ka pā kaulike o ka lalo.
Koho ka char i nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka wai i nā wahi e hānau keiki ai. Kūpono pololei kekahi mau ʻano i ke one, ʻiliʻili, a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili i nā kino wai. I ke kau moʻo, hoʻololi nā kāne a me nā wahine i ko lākou kala i mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. I kekahi ʻano char, ʻike ʻia nā tubercles a me nā ulu ʻana ma ka papa waho o nā unahi.
Ke komo nei ka wahine i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka "pūnana", e kīkēkē ana i nā hoʻomaha ma lalo o ka lepo me kāna huelo. I laila e hoʻomoe ai ʻo ia i hua manu ʻalani a ʻulaʻula, 4-5 mm o kēlā me kēia. Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana o ka momona o nā hua manu e ke kāne, hāʻule ka wahine i ka hiamoe i ke kaumaha, ʻoiai e hoʻokumu ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke ʻia ka hanauna ʻōpio mua i ka wā mua o ke kau a i ʻole ka puna (e pili ana i ka char char). ʻAi ʻia i nā meaola liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma lalo o ka waihona.
E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia roe iʻa char he waiwai waiwai nui kona. No laila, i kēia lā he nui nā ʻoihana e hana i ka mahi ʻana o kēia predator. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka caviar wale nō i loaʻa mai i kēlā me kēia kanaka e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala kūlohelohe, kūlohelohe o ke ola e lawe mai i ka pōmaikaʻi ʻoi loa.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka char he 7 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi ʻano e like me ka arctic ke ola a 12 mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻelemakule o ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka lilo i hoʻokahi lima, hōʻole e hui pū me nā ʻohana hipa, keu hoʻi i ka wā e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
Lawaiʻa Char
Lawe pinepine nā lawaiʻa ma nā kolamu i kā lākou kūleʻa i ka lawaiʻa char. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo kēia predator ka mea i makemake ʻia o kēlā me kēia o lākou. Ma ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, aʻoaʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻoihana no lawaiʻa char hoʻohana i kahi puna, kahi mea nani loa i ka predatory e noho ana i ka mea wai. Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi koʻokoʻo lana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he tackle, a laila pono e hoʻohana i nā iʻa iʻa, kahi ilo me ka maunu.
ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa e lawaiʻa ai no char ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā a me ka puka ʻana o ka lā. ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka mea ʻaihue e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, e hopu ana i nā mea kolo i hāʻule i luna o ka wai. I nā kau anuanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i lalo no ka lawaiʻa ʻana - ʻo ka mea ʻino i kēia wā kokoke i ka lalo no ka nui o ka manawa, kahi e ʻimi ai i nā larvae, crustacea, nā ilo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Pono e koho i ka maʻa, maunu a me ka maunu no char, e kia ana i ke kau, ka hiʻona o ka waihona wai, ke ʻano o nā ʻano i noho ʻia ma laila. Paipai pū nā lawaiʻa mākaukau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea nahu nahina e ʻumeʻume i ka iʻa me ke kōkua o nā pheromones kūikawā e hoʻoulu i ka makemake o ka predator. I kēia hihia, aia kēlā me kēia manawa kūpono e hopu i ka ipu i kali ʻia.
ʻO ka iʻa kekahi o nā meaʻai e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kā lākou papaʻai. Iʻa char ʻono He koho maikaʻi loa ia no kahi kīʻaha e lawe ʻole i ka leʻaleʻa culinary, akā hoʻopiha hou i ke kino me nā microelement pono. Hāʻawi kēia mea ʻaihue me kona lima ponoʻī i ka hauʻoli kūikawā. ʻAʻole ia he minamina ke hoʻolilo manawa a me ka ikaika ʻole no kēia.
