ʻO Woodcock - kahi manu liʻiliʻi, kahi mea hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana. ʻO kāna ʻano o ke ola a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kona helehelena i noho lōʻihi i nā kālaihonua a me nā biologists. Eia nō naʻe, hoihoi kēia ʻano ʻaʻole wale no ka poʻe ʻepekema, akā no ka poʻe puni holoholona hoʻi, ka mea e manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ke kī ʻana i kahi lāʻau lāʻau he kūleʻa maoli a he kumu no ka haʻaheo. He aha kāu e haʻi ai e pili ana i kēia manu me kahi inoa ʻano ʻole?
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka genus
ʻO Genus manu manu pani ʻia e kahi liʻiliʻi o nā laha, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope. ʻAno like kēia ʻano a pau a he nui nā ʻano like. No laila, e hoʻomaka me kahi wehewehe o ka genus manu āpau.
Manu ʻo Woodcock i ka lele ʻana
ʻO ia mau manu he kamaʻāina nui i ko lākou kaiapuni. Piʻi lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 40 knm a me ke kino o 400-500 gram. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e kahi ʻēheu nui, hiki i 50-60 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻOkoʻa iki ke kala o nā manu i ke kala o ka plumage o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. No laila, hoʻomanaʻo nui nā woodcock i ko lākou mau hoahānau pili - nā ʻūlū, nā mea aloha a me nā ʻāpana one.
He ʻeleʻele māmā a hulu paha ka hulu o kā lākou hulu, a ma luna ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā kiko ʻeleʻele he nui. Eia kekahi, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino o nā manu i nā kaha ʻeleʻele. No laila, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻole ʻia ka manu ma waena o nā lau nahele lau o nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻano ka nuku loloa a lahilahi o nā manu. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi he 10 cm. ʻO ka mea mua, kōkua ia i nā manu e kiʻi i ka meaʻai a mālama i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO Woodcock maʻamau
Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou nuku kū hoʻokahi, he ʻike maikaʻi kā nā wahie wahie: kau ʻia ko lākou mau maka ma nā ʻaoʻao o kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻike a aneane 360 kekelē. No laila, i ka wā o ka lele a me ka hoʻomaha, pili like kēia mau manu i ka lewa e like me ka pueo, i hiki ke nānā i ko lākou wahi a puni me ke kōkua o kahi ʻāʻī maʻalahi.
Nā ʻano Woodcock
I ka genus o kēia mau manu, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he manu aliʻi, ʻokoʻa ʻewalu mau ʻano kaʻawale. ʻO ka mea mua a maʻamau o lākou ka Common Woodcock, ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa mai kona "mau hoahānau" i kekahi mea kūikawā. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻohālikelike maʻamau o kona ʻano a he nui kona ʻano a me ka plumage "classic". E noʻonoʻo mākou i nā ʻano like ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia - ʻAmelika, Amamiya a me ʻOakland Woodcock.
Manaʻo ʻAmelika
ʻO nā lunamaka'āinana o kēia laha i loaʻa kēia inoa ma muli o ko lākou wahi noho. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia kēia mau manu ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau. ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe o kēia ʻano i ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano o ke kino "pōʻai". He haʻahaʻa loa lākou, squat. Ma muli o nā wāwae pōkole loa a me ke ʻano poepoe o ke kino, me he mea lā ʻaʻole hele iki kēia mau manu i ka honua, akā ʻōwili wale nō ma luna.
ʻO Woodcock ʻAmelika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ia mau manu he 25-32 cm wale nō, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 210 gram. ʻO ka plumage o ka manu a me kāna "stockiness" kōkua iā ia e camouflage maʻalahi iā ia iho a ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia e nā mea ʻino. Ma ke kino o nā manu ʻAmelika, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaha ʻeleʻele he 4-5 wale nō, no ka mea, liʻiliʻi lākou no ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ʻekolu.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka plumage o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka genus lāʻau. He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, hina a kala kala gula paha i kekahi manawa. ʻO ka lāhui ʻAmelika kekahi o nā mea ʻimi holoholona waiwai nui i waena o nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
ʻAmiami
ʻOkoʻa ka nānā ʻana o ka Amami mai ka ʻAmelika i kona ʻano. He kino wiwi a kino kona me nā wāwae ikaika a ʻike maka ʻia. ʻO nā mea nui nō hoʻi nā manamana lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi o ka "Amami", i kōkua iā lākou e hemo a pae i ka ʻāina.
ʻO Amami wahie
Heʻuʻuku ka "ulu" o nā manu o kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻano ʻAmelika - 34-37 knm. ʻO ka plumage o nā manu e lawe i kahi kala brownish-ʻoliva, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele hoʻi i loaʻa i ke kino o luna. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka "Amami" he "mau apo" ʻili o ka ʻili ākea a puni nā maka ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, ke nānā aku nei i kahi manu, paʻakikī loa lākou e ʻike.
Kaupalena ʻia nā wahi o ka mahele o ka ʻano Amami. Noho nā manu ma ka ʻĀkia hapa o ko mākou honua, ma nā mokupuni wale nō o ke Kai Kina Hikina. No kēia kumu, pale ʻia kēia ʻano.
ʻAukake
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana o nā ʻelele o kēia laha ua kaupalena ʻia hoʻi. Noho lākou ma nā mokupuni wale nō o Nūhōlani (ʻo ka mea mua, ma ko ʻAukilani Pae ʻĀina), e pili ana i loaʻa ai iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi no nā woodcock.
He mea nui ia ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻepekema he nui i kēia mau manu i ka genus o nā lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO lākou, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i waena o ka genus o nā manu e like loa me nā lāʻau ʻoki lāʻau - i ka genus o snipe. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano like o kēia mau manu me nā kānaka o ka ʻohana aliʻi, me ka pili a lākou i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻonohonoho iā ia ma waena o ka genus a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei. No laila he aha kēia mau mea like?
ʻO Oakland wahie
ʻO ka mea mua, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ua like ke kala o nā hulu o ka snipe Auckland me ka like me nā manu aliʻi. He plumage ʻeleʻele lākou me nā wahi he nui. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā "Aucklands" ma mua o nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ko lākou kino kaupaona kino he 100-120 wale nō, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ko lākou ʻēheu ma mua o 10-11 cm.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka "Aucklands" ko lākou nohona, kahi kokoke like loa me nā lāʻau. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka honua, loaʻa ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o nā ʻaoʻao nerve i ko lākou nuku a alakaʻi i kahi ʻano malū, nocturnal, kahi ʻano maʻamau ʻole no nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kā lākou genus. No laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana o kēia mau manu i kahi genus ʻokoʻa he mea kūpono.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka nohona ka waiho wale ʻana o ka laha o ʻOakland i nā hua he 2 i ka wā hānau. ʻO kēia ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ākea o ka ʻāina kahi a lākou e noho ai.
ʻO ka nohona manu a me kahi nohona
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia lāʻau lāʻau manu aliʻi ʻano like me ka sandpiper maʻamau. I kekahi manawa kapa ʻia nā lunamakaʻā o kēia genus i ka puaʻa, a i ʻole ke one ʻulaʻula. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe one, noho nā lāʻau lāʻau i nā ulu lāʻau. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, uhi maʻalahi lākou i kā lākou kala patronizing e kūʻē i ka hope o nā lau, a laila pale iā lākou iho mai nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona a me ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Aia i hea ka wahie e noho ai? Hoʻolahalaha nui kēia mau manu ʻaʻole ma ko mākou ʻāina wale nō, akā ma Kina, Mongolia, Ukraine, Pinilana a me Palani. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou i nā ulu lāʻau o ka Scandinavian Peninsula.
Noho pinepine ʻo Woodcocks ma kahi o nā kino wai
ʻO ko lākou ʻano nohona ka ululāʻau a, no laila, nā wahi nahele. Eia kekahi, makemake kēia mau manu e noho i nā ululāʻau me nā lau nahele haʻahaʻa (nā lāʻau o nā raspberry, blueberry, hazel a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe).
E like me nā ʻāpana one, makemake lākou e noho kokoke i nā kino wai i loaʻa i nā ulu lāʻau. I ka ʻāina paʻa ʻole e pili ana i nā waihona ulu nahele, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i nā manu. I ka manawa like, he mea nui ia i nā woodcock e loaʻa nā wahi palekana i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomaha maikaʻi.
A ʻo ko lākou nohona, ʻokoʻa ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe. I ke ao, alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona malū, peʻe i loko o nā ululāʻau o nā ululāʻau a i ʻole ma waena o nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau kahiko. nolaila lāʻau lāʻau i ke kiʻi ʻaʻole loaʻa iki i nā wahi ākea.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he manu neʻe ka wahie Woodckck e hoʻohana pinepine nei i ke kau anuanu ma ka ʻākau o ʻApelika. Ua ʻōlelo mākou ua like nā woodcock me nā pueo i ko lākou hiki ke ʻike. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ko lākou mea like wale nō.
ʻO nā manu a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei, e like me ka pueo, ke hele i ke ao pō, makaʻu i ka hoʻouka kaua a me nā mea ʻimi i ke ao. I ka pō lākou e hele aku ai e "ʻimi holoholona" a loaʻa nā meaʻai kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke koena o nā manu ma kahakai kahakai kahi hana wale ia i ke ao, a lawe lākou i kā lākou pilikia ponoʻī a me ka makaʻu.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hāʻawi ka nuku lōʻihi a lahilahi i nā lāʻau lāʻau i kekahi manawa no ka ʻimi ʻai ʻana. Hiki maʻalahi lākou i nā ilo a me nā kolo huna. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kū hoʻokahi ka ʻokoʻa o kēlā nuku i kona lōʻihi. I kona hopena, loaʻa i nā manu nā welelau aʻa lehulehu. ʻAe lākou i nā woodcock e "hoʻolohe" i ka haʻalulu o ka ʻili o ka honua a lawe i kā lākou poʻe i hōʻino ʻia mai ka lepo.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui a kā Woodcock e ʻai ai nā ʻano ʻelala a me nā ilo. He mea punahele maoli nā Earthworm no nā manu aliʻi. ʻAi lākou i nā larva insect a, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa, nā ʻanoʻano a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu. Me ka hemahema o ka meaʻai maʻamau, hiki i nā manu ke ʻimi a hiki i nā crustacean liʻiliʻi a me nā rana.
ʻImi pālua
Hoʻokumu kēia mau manu i nā pālua wale no ka wā hānau a ʻaʻole pili i ka hoʻoulu like ʻana o nā keiki. Hoihoi loa ke kaʻina hana o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoa. Ma ke ʻano he rula, i ka wā puna, hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻimi i kahi hoa no lākou iho, e paʻi ana i ka mea kūikawā kani nā wahie.
Kamaʻāina nā ʻano "mele" ʻaneʻane kokoke i kēlā me kēia mea hahai holoholona hānai. Lele ke kāne ma ka nahele e kali ana no ka manawa e pane ai ka wahine i kāna uē. Ma hope o kēlā, hana nā manu i kahi pālua, kahi e noho ai a hiki wale i ka hopena o ka moʻa ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, a hiki i ka manawa e hoʻouluulu ʻia ka wahine. Aia ia i kēlā manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i ka mea maoli leo Woodcock... I "ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā" kākaʻikahi lākou e hoʻohana.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o kahi lāʻau lāʻau:
Hoʻohua a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā keiki
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūnana o ka manu ma ka honua, e hana ana ia mai ka mauʻu a me nā lālā maloʻo. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, he 3-4 mau hua i uhi ʻia i ka wahine me nā kiko kikoʻī. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā no nā moa e noho i ka pūpū he 25 mau lā.
ʻO nā hua hua lāʻau Woodcock
Ma hope o kēia manawa, hānau ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻāpana ʻano ma ke kua. Kū hoʻokahi kēia kahakaha i nā moa woodcock. I ko lākou ulu ʻana a makua, e lilo ia i ke ʻano "aniani-ʻōniʻoniʻo" i ko lākou ʻano.
Hānau ʻia nā chicks me ka nuku nui i lawa no ko lākou nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona lōʻihi ma mua o nā manu makua - ma kahi o 4-5 cm. Mālama maikaʻi ka wahine i kāna hua.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka mālama wale ʻana i nā moa liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ia e koi ʻia nei e kiʻi i ka meaʻai na lākou a pale iā lākou mai nā mea ʻaihue. Ma lalo o kāna "ʻeheu" nā moa hiki koke ke lilo i ka neʻe kūʻokoʻa a me ka ʻai ʻana.
I loko o ʻekolu mau hola o ke ala ʻana, ua mākaukau lākou e ukali i ko lākou makuahine. ʻO ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻae i nā moa e neʻe kūʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, ke kū mai kahi pilikia, lawe ʻo ia i ke kūlana ma lalo o kāna kaohi. Hiki iā ia ke hāpai i nā keiki i ke kī a i ʻole "lawe" i nā moa i loko o kā lākou mau wāwae.
Hiki i nā woodcock liʻiliʻi ke camouflage pono iā lākou iho ke ʻike ʻia nā predators. ʻAʻole ʻike ka nui o nā holoholona i nā hipa e kūʻē i ka hope o nā lau i hāʻule a me nā lālā. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau pule, neʻe nā manu i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa loa.
ʻO Woodcock wahine me nā moa
Haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana a ko lākou makuahine a hoʻomaka e ʻimi no ko lākou home ponoʻī. Mai kēia manawa hele lākou i ke ola kūʻokoʻa o kahi manu makua, a ma hope o kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou iho ke hānau.
Wā ola
Noho ʻo Woodcocks 'wā kamaliʻi i wahi nui ʻole i ko lākou ola. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo ke hoʻokumu a me ke hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi kanaka makua ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mahina (me ka wā embryonic). Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ola holoʻokoʻa o kahi manu kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi, ma kahi o 10-11 mau makahiki.
No nā lāʻau ʻino, ʻenemi kūlohelohe - nā mea ʻino a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona he mea weliweli nui. I kēia hihia, hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kali ʻana o ko lākou ola: ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i ka makahiki o ʻelima.
ʻO ka ʻimi a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahie
Kamaʻilio e pili ana ʻimi lāʻau, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā manu o ke aloha, akā e pili ana hoʻi i ka paio mau ʻana o kēia mau manu me nā mea ʻaihue nahele. ʻO ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe he nui a me nā hedgehogs, hoʻopau, ka hapa nui, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia nā moa.
ʻO ka wahine e kiaʻi nei i kāna mau moa, he palupalu hoʻi ia i nā mea ʻaihue. No laila, nā ʻāpana ʻino, martens, sables, ermines a me kekahi mau holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻouka i kēlā mau wahine a pepehi pū iā lākou me kā lākou pua.
I kekahi manawa luku ʻia nā wahie wahie e ka poʻe hahai holoholona, akā na kā lākou ʻīlio hopu holoholona, e holoholo ana ma waena o ka ululāʻau e ʻimi nei i nā mea pono e pono ai ka haku. ʻO ka lele ʻana i nā wahi mehana a hoʻi i nā ululāʻau me ke aniau ahulau ʻaʻole paʻakikī iki no nā lāʻau lāʻau.
Pipi Woodcock
ʻO nā mea ʻimi holoholona, he mea waiwai nui nā wahie lāʻau no lākou. ʻO ka hapanui pepehi ʻia lākou no ke kūʻai aku a loaʻa ke kālā he nui mai ia mea. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻopihapiha ʻia lākou a hōʻike ʻia e like me nā pahu hopu holoholona koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻoiai inā ʻike ke kanaka a me ka mea ʻino e pili ana i ke alo o kahi wahie huna peʻe ma kahi kokoke, paʻakikī loa iā ia e ʻike i ka manu. Kuhi hewa hewahewa pinepine ʻia nā kānaka huna ʻia no ka puʻu o nā lau a i ʻole kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu. ʻO kēia ko lākou akamai launa ʻole, akā naʻe, i kekahi mau manawa o ko lākou ola, ʻaʻole pale ʻia nā manu mai ke kaiapuni.
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea wale nō ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā lāʻau lāʻau make āpau i hoʻopau ʻia e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā hui honua e pāpā i kēlā ʻano ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka helu o nā woodcock, i hoʻopau ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue ulu lāʻau, me ka nui o nā manu i luku ʻia e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma nā helu helu kūpono. Inā hoʻomau ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā manu i nīnau ʻia i kēia nui, hiki koke paha lākou i ka luku o ka make.
E ʻōlelo i nā puke a me ka kinima
Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ka lāʻau wahie he manu "kūloko" no nā moʻolelo o nā mea kākau Lūkini e pili ana i nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona. ʻO nā hana kaulana loa me ko lākou komo ʻana nā moʻolelo o I.S. ʻO Turgenev lāua ʻo A.P. ʻO Chekhov. ʻAʻole hoʻemi ʻia ka mea nui a lākou i ʻōlelo ai i nā hana a G.N. Troepolsky, I.S. ʻO Sokolov-Mikitov lāua ʻo Guy de Maupassant.
No ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā manu aliʻi ma loko. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kaulana loa kahi hana a Ukraine i hana ʻia ma hope o nā manu ponoʻī. Hōʻike ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ke ola o ka poʻe Ukrainian i nā makahiki he ʻehā o ke kenekulia XX. Loaʻa i nā mea nānā ke manawa kūpono e hōʻike kūʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ke poʻo inoa o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
No laila, i kēia ʻatikala ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā lāʻau lāʻau - nā manu nani a kupaianaha hoʻi. I ko mākou manawa, ke hoʻonui nei i ka nui o nā holoholona like ʻole e hoʻopau koke ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue a me nā kānaka, e pili ana kahi e pono ai kā lākou pale.
I ke ao hou, he mea nui e mahalo i ke ʻano nani a kū hoʻokahi a me ka pale ʻana i kona mau lunamakaʻāinana - ko mākou mau hoanoho ma ka honua. ʻO ia ke kumu e pono ai e pāpā i ka ʻimi manu ʻana no nā manu aliʻi, ka mea e lawe ʻole ai i ka pōʻino i ke kaiapuni a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka.
