ʻO kahi pepelu mai ke kauoha o hemiptera me kahi inoa nani, he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi ka ʻoka marble i nā mahiʻai kaiāulu. ʻO ia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea make no ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO nā leka e pili ana i kona helehelena e like me nā hōʻike laina mua me ka ʻike e pili ana i ke komo ʻana o ka ʻenemi i nā wahi hou. ʻO ka inoa piha o ka malihini ʻpala kinikini palaoa.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO kahi ʻano e like me ka pepeke pale, like me nā ʻano pepelu o kona ʻano. ʻO kahi kino peʻaleʻa pālahalaha ʻia he 11-17 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o kahi pepeke i hoʻomohala ʻia he brownish a hina paha.
ʻO nā kiko o nā aka ʻokoʻa e hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ke poʻo a me ke kua, no ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ʻano "marble" i ka inoa o ka ʻūpā. Mai kahi mamao aku, he keleawe nā hoʻololi kala ʻana o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka lalo o ke kino ma mua o ka luna. Aia nā specks hina-ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae me nā kaha keʻokeʻo. ʻO Antennae, ʻokoʻa i nā hoahānau, i kāhiko ʻia me nā kuʻi māmā. Kaha ʻia ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele o nā forewings me nā kaha ʻeleʻele.
E like me nā ʻūpē ʻē aʻe o kahi ʻoka nui o hemiptera, hoʻopuka ka lunamaka marble o ka genus i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Hōʻike ka pilau pungent i nā "ʻono" o kahi skunk, kahi hui o ke kāpili i puhi ʻia, cilantro. ʻIke koke ʻia ka helehelena o kahi malihini, he paʻakikī ʻaʻole e ʻike. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hopena pilau e pale aku i ka pā mai nā manu lele a me nā holoholona.
Ma waena o nā māla a me nā mahiʻai kalaka, ua kāhea lākou iā ia - stink bug. Aia nā glands e hana i nā mea pale i ka lalo o ka pahu, ma ka ʻōpū. Nui ka manaʻo o ka ʻenekia aloha wela ke hoʻomehana ʻia ka ea mai 15 ° C a 33 ° C. ʻO kahi e hōʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa kahi mahana o 20-25 ° C.
ʻPala marble He pilikia nui i nā mahiʻai. Hoʻopau ka pepeke i nā mea kanu, nā hua, a me nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia. Ke hoʻonui mau nei ka nohona o nā puʻupuʻu momona. Pili ke kumu o ka pepelu ʻino i ka ʻāina ʻo Hikina Hema Asia (Vietnam, Kina, Iapana), kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ma mua o 20 mau makahiki i hala.
A laila ua lawe ʻia ka pepeke i ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, ua hāʻawi ʻia ma Georgia, Turkey, Abkhazia, a komo i Rūkia. ʻAe ʻae ʻia ua lawe ʻia mai ka mea neʻe me nā lako o nā hua citrus. Hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi nā infectations insect nunui i nā wahi mahiʻai. ʻO ka ʻāpala marble brown ma ka List Unified of Quarantine Objects, i ʻae ʻia e ka Eurasian Commission ma 2016.
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini e ʻimi i nā wahi hema o Lūkia 3-4 mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike ka poʻe kamaʻāina o nā wahi hema o ko mākou ʻāina i kahi huakaʻi hele nui i nā home a me nā hale i waho me ka hōʻea ʻana o ke kauwela 2017.
No laila, ʻāpana kinikini ma Abkhazia luku ʻia ma mua o ka hapalua o ka hua tangerine. Eia hou, ua loaʻa nā kolo i nā kamaʻāina ma nā kaona o Sochi a me Novorossiysk.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka weliweli o ka malihini kipa weliweli ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻohi ʻana, akā hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi i ke kanaka ponoʻī. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka nahu i ka bug no nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali. ʻO ka helehelena o ka edema, ka ʻili, a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka nui o nā maʻi āpau.
He paʻakikī ke pale aku i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka mea komo hewa ma muli o ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i nā insecticides. ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka pepelu pilau, koe wale no ka ʻenemi parasit e noho ana ma Kina a me Iapana. ʻO ka mea āna e hoihoi ai, ʻo ia nā hua moa. Akā ʻoiai he pest ia ka pest ʻole, ʻaʻole pili ka nalowale hapa o nā keiki i ka pālahalaha ʻana ma nā ʻāina ākea.
Ke hakakā nei i ka ʻāpana kinikini ke ulu nei ka ikaika. ʻO ka laha ākea o nā pepelu i kumu o ka make ʻana o nā piliona kālā i ka hoʻokele waiwai US, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka pest e ʻAmelika. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā ʻepekema i nā mea e luku ai i ka pale pale ʻino.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka ʻāpala kinikini brown ka mea i koho ʻia i kona kūlana ma ka taxonomy biology. ʻAʻole paʻakikī no ka poʻe loea ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi insect. Akā i nā wahi o kona puʻunaue ʻana, aia nā puʻupuʻu-shit bugs, like i ka nui, ke ʻano o ke kino, ke kala.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻokoʻa ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻelala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aniani hoʻonui me 5-10x hoʻonui a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e like me ʻōpala marble i ka kiʻi ʻokoʻa mai nā hale kau wela maʻamau.
Pepelu lāʻau. ʻO ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kauwela e ka hāʻule, huli ʻeleʻele ka camouflage i nā lau i hāʻule. ʻAʻole ia e lawe i ka pōʻino nui i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo Nezara. ʻO kahi pahu ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka membrane aniani moakaka. Ma ka hoʻoilo hoʻololi i ke kala i keleawe. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka pronotum i kekahi manawa brown brown.
Pepelu pale berry. Hoʻololi ke kala i ke kala o nā lau e pili ana: mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka brown brown. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao, antennae me nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me nā melemele. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻohi.
ʻOiai ka like o ka ʻike, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi e hoʻolohe i:
- ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka ʻāpana kinikini ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka antennae: ʻeleʻele ka ʻāpana hope loa me kahi kumu keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka ʻāpana penultimate me kahi kumu keʻokeʻo a me ka piko. ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia hui ʻana i nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe;
- ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻūʻī ma lalo o 1 cm - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pest marble.
- ʻo ke kinona kino o nā puʻupuʻu "kamaʻāina" ʻoi aku ka convex ma mua o ko ka malihini.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu pākahi o ka antennae, ka nui, a me ke ʻano o ka clypeus i hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻole i ke ʻano o ka bug ʻōpala marble.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ikaika o ka ʻāpala kinikini palaoa i ka unpretentiousness o ka ʻenemi i kona wahi noho. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻino ma ke alanui, ma nā hale like ʻole, ka hale lalo, nā wahi mahiʻai, nā hale noho, nā lua holoholona, nā pūnana manu. ʻAʻole keakea ka hoʻolaha ākea e ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, kahi wela.
Me ka hopena o ke kau mahiʻai, komo ka puʻupuʻu i loko o nā hale o nā kānaka wela, e loaʻa i ka hale i nā hale haʻahaʻa, nā hale, kahi e komo ai i loko o nā māwae. Me ka emi o ka mahana, ʻimi ʻimi nui kēlā me kēia i nā wahi no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea ʻona i nā tausani kinikini ma nā hale o ka pā.
Hūnāhū nā ʻino ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao, clog i nā wahi o ka pale lole. ʻO ka wā hoʻoilo o nā bedbugs he passive - ʻaʻole lākou e hānai, mai hanau hou i kēia wā. ʻOiai nā kolo i komo i loko o ka wahi i kuhi hewa ʻike i ka wela no ka hōʻea ʻana o ka puna, ʻākoakoa lākou a puni nā kukui, nā kumu wela.
Ma waho o ka discomfort estetika, weliweli ka hopena o ka bedbugs i ke kanaka. Aia kekahi mea ʻino hoʻopailua i ʻike ʻia e hele aku ai nā ʻenekini no ka pale ʻana. ʻO ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hoʻonāukiuki paha i nā maʻi āpau.
Nīnau, ma mua o ka lāʻau make i kahi ʻāpana kinikini, lilo i pili loa. I nā wahi e noho ai, ʻohiʻohi nā kolo i ka lima; hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻenekini a me nā mea olaola i nā wahi ākea wale nō.
I ka pūnāwai, hoʻāla ka hana a nā mea kolo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hana hou ʻana o nā keiki. Hoʻopau ka hoʻouka kaua i nā mea kanu o nā mahinaʻai he nui, luku i nā lāʻau hua, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka ʻohi ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻino pololei ʻana, ʻo ka ʻāpala kinikini brown kekahi mea lawe i nā maʻi fitoplasmic e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu he nui.
ʻIke maopopo ʻia ka hōʻino ma nā hua citrus a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻili o ka fetus, i ʻoki ʻia e ka proboscis o ka pepeke, wehe i ke ala no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina hana necrotic. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hanana, e hōʻino ana i ka helehelena a me ka ʻono o nā hua.
Kū ka hoʻomohala - hāʻule nā hua hua ʻole, kau nā hua hazelnut ma luna o ka lāʻau me ka hakahaka, hoʻopili ka pala i nā hua waina. ʻAʻole mālama ka pepeke i ka palaoa, nā legume, nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani.
E hoʻopau i ka māpala marble hiki ke hana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā larvae, hoʻohana lākou i ke ʻano o ka lulu ʻana i nā mea ʻino i nā umbrellas a i ka lole maʻamau. I nā wahi me ka heluna kānaka haʻahaʻa, hana ʻia ka nānā ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena entomological.
Māhele pahele kinikini ma muli o ka hoʻohana o pheromone e hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano kanu a pau. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā mea kolo e koi iā mākou e nānā mau i nā ala hou o nā meaola, nā hopena kemika ma ka pale pale makaʻi weliweli.
Meaʻai kūpono
He omnivorous ka ʻūlū nahele ʻāleʻele ʻeleʻele. I ka pūnāwai, ʻume ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a kokoke i nā mea kanu kīhāpai. ʻAi ka pest i nā mea kanu like i nā wā like ʻole o kona ulu ʻana. Pihi ka larva a me ka imago i nāʻaʻa o waho o nā lau, nā hua, a huki i ka kohu nui.
Ma nā kumulāʻau huaʻai i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā bedbugs, nā ʻano necrosis, uhi ʻia ka ʻili o nā koʻokoʻo me nā puʻupuʻu, a hana ʻia nā mea maʻi pathological, like me ka huluhulu pulupulu i ke kūlike ʻole. Nā hua, ʻaʻohe manawa e oʻo ai, pala, pala i mua o ka manawa. ʻO ke ʻono o nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai, nā hua citrus i nalowale.
I ka homeland o ka ʻāpala kinikini brown, ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, ua helu nā loea ma 300 mau ʻano mea kanu i hoʻouka kaua ʻia e nā mea ʻinoʻino. I waena o lākou, hoʻouka kaua ʻia nā mea kanu maʻamau e kahi ʻāpala: ʻōmato, pepa, zucchini, kukama.
ʻĀina nā ʻelima i nā pears, nā ʻāpala, nā ʻapelika, nā cherry, nā peach, nā fiku, nā ʻoliva, nā persimmons, nā kulina, nā bale, a me nā palaoa.
ʻAi ka pest i nā legume: peas, beans, ʻaʻole i mālama i nā pome, nā hua pōhaku, nā hua. ʻO ka papaʻai a ka bedbug e pili ana i nā ʻano ulu ulu: lehu, ʻoka, maple, hazelnuts. Pahu kinikini ma Sochi, Wahi a nā helu helu mai nā mahiʻai kūloko, 32 mau ʻano mea kanu i hōʻino ʻia ma Abkhazia. I nā wahi i kanu ʻole ʻia i nā māla, ola nā ʻūlū, hoʻomohala i ka hānai mai nā nāhelehele.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ke aniau subtropical huluhulu, ma Nowemapa wale nō, emi ke kope wikiwiki ʻana o nā pepeke ke hele nā mākua i ka hibernation. Nunui momona nā mea kolo - ʻike ʻia nā hanauna ʻekolu o nā mea ʻino i ke kau:
- hoʻomohala ka hanauna mua mai Mei a waena o Iune;
- ʻo ka lua - mai ke kolu o nā makahiki o Iune a i ka mua o ʻAukake;
- ʻo ke kolu - mai nā makahiki he ʻumi o ʻAukake a i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa.
Hele ka larvae ma o ʻelima hanana o ka hoʻomohala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka ulu e loli lākou i ke kala, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka manawa hoʻokahi e ʻike ai i ka ʻenekia.
- I ka pae mua, ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha ka larvae, i kēlā me kēia 2.4 mm ka lōʻihi.
- I ka mahele ʻelua, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ke kala.
- ʻO ke kolu a me nā pae aʻe i māka ʻia e nā ʻohana ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo.
Piʻi ke anawaena i 12 mm. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā bedbugs ma 2017 i haki i nā moʻolelo āpau - ma kahi o ʻekolu paʻa i kēlā me kēia kau, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻepekema ʻeono, a lilo ke kumu no ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka bio-sabotage paha ma ka pae luna.
Ua ʻike mua nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka Rosselkhoznadzor i nā ʻike i ka lawe ʻia mai o nā mea ʻino i loko o Lūkia, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ka maʻi ma kahi kōmi o mua. ʻO ka hana i mua, ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka DNA o ka bug ʻōpala marble, e hoʻomohala nei i nā ʻano meaola no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka. He mea mau ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai a me nā ʻokoʻa o ka honua e ola nei. Akā he mea nui ke kaulike o nā meaola no ka mālama ʻana i kahi mea ulu a me nā holoholona. Ma ke ala, inā pono ʻoe e hōʻona i nā bedbugs, a laila e kōkua kēia pūnaewele iā ʻoe.
