ʻO ka Tuna kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o ka mackerel, e uhi ana i nā ʻohana 5 a me 15 mau ʻano. He iʻa kālepa ʻo Tuna i ka wā kahiko, e like me ka ʻike o ka mōʻaukala, ua hopu nā lawaiʻa Kepanī i ke ʻano tuna he 5 tausani mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka inoa o ka iʻa mai ka Greek Greek "thyno", ʻo ia hoʻi "hoʻolei, hoʻolei."
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka tuna
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano tuna āpau e kahi kino spindle elongated e ʻāʻī ana i ka huelo. Loaʻa i kahi fin dorsal kahi ʻano concave, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai he ʻano pahi kā kekahi, ʻāwīwī a kūwaho hoʻi e like me ka anal. Mai ka lua o ka lua a hiki i ka huelo, ʻike ʻia nā wīwī liʻiliʻi he 8-9.
Ke nānā aku nei ka huelo me ka mahina puāhilo. ʻO ia ka mea e hana i ka hana locomotive, ʻoiai ke kino, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ke anawaena, noho mau me ka neʻe ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana. He poʻo conical nui ka tuna me nā maka liʻiliʻi a me ka waha ākea. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā iwi ā me nā niho liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka lālani hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā unahi e uhi i ke kino o ka tuna ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻoi aku ka nui i mua o ke kino a ma nā ʻaoʻao, hana ia i kekahi mea e like me kahi carapace pale. Aia ke kala i ka laha, akā ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau e kahi kua ʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻōpū māmā.
Iʻa tuna he waiwai pohihihi kona - hiki iā lākou ke mālama i kahi mahana o ke kino kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka wahi o waho. ʻO kēia mākaukau, i kapa ʻia ʻo endothermia, ʻike wale ʻia i ka manō tuna a me nā herring.
Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ke tuna ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki nui (a i 90 km / h), hoʻolilo i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi ma luna ona a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā kūlana kaiapuni, ʻokoʻa i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o nā moku liʻiliʻi me nā koko ʻelua a me nā aʻa ākea, i hoʻopili ʻia a kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka iʻa, kōkua i ka "hoʻomehana" i ke koko o ka tuna.
ʻO ke koko mehana i loko o nā veins, hoʻomehana ʻia e nā kuʻina mākala, uku no ke koko anuanu o nā aʻa. Kāhea nā loea i kēia pūʻulu vascular lateral "rete mirabile" - "magic network".
ʻO ka ʻiʻa tuna, ʻokoʻa me ka nui o nā iʻa, he hue ʻulaʻula a poni. Loaʻa kēia i ke koko o nā iʻa o kahi protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo myoglobin, nona ka nui o ka hao. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ke hoʻokele nei i ka wikiwiki.
MA ho'ākāka iʻa tuna ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopā aku i ka pilikia o ka culinary. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o kaʻiʻo tuna e like me ka pipi, no ka mea ʻono maʻamau i kapa ʻia e nā poʻe restaurateurs Farani he "veal sea".
Aia i loko o ka hui o ka ʻiʻo kahi laulā o nā kumumea kumumea, nā amino acid a me nā huaora pono no ke kino. ʻO ka ʻai mau ʻana o ia mea i ka meaʻai e hōʻemi ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā maʻi puʻuwai, e hoʻonui ai i ka pale a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o ke kino ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
Ma USA, ʻo kahi laʻana, koi ʻia nā kīʻaha tuna ma ka papa kuhikuhi o nā kānaka noiʻi a me nā haumāna o ke kula nui. Hoʻopili nā mea i loko o kāna hoʻohui i ka hana o ka lolo.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka Tuna i ka maʻi me nā parasite, hiki ke ʻai maka ʻia ka ʻiʻo, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai i nā kuke aupuni he nui o ka honua. Aia ma mua o 50 mau ʻāpana o ka tuna, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana:
I ke kiʻi, ka iʻa tuna
- maʻamau;
- ʻAkelanika;
- ʻakaʻakai;
- ʻōniʻoniʻo (skipjack);
- hulu loloa (albacore);
- melemele;
- maka nui.
Maʻamau tuna - nui ka iʻa mahalo loa. Hiki iā ia ke ulu a 3 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a 560 kg. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino, e like me nā iʻa āpau e noho ana i ka wai o luna, ʻeleʻele ke kala. I ka hihia o ka tuna maʻamau, he uliuli hohonu ia, no ka mea i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he tuna bluefin. He keʻokeʻo silvery ka ʻōpū, ʻalani ʻalani kekena.
Tuna maʻamau
ʻO ʻAtelanika (blackfin tuna) ma kahi o 50 cm ka lōʻihi, me ka palena palena o 1 m. ʻO nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo 21 kg ka nui o ke kaupaona. ʻAʻole like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ʻohana iʻa, tuna ola ʻo blacktip ma kahi palena wale nō ma ke Komohana ʻAkelanika.
Tuna ʻAtelanika
ʻO ka mackerel tuna kahi kamaʻāina waena o nā wahi kai: ka lōʻihi - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30-40 cm, ke kaumaha - a i 5 kg. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala o ke kino mai nā mea ʻē aʻe: ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻōpū māmā. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā ia e nā ʻelua pectoral fins ʻelua: ma loko ʻeleʻele lākou, ma ka waho he poni.
Mackerel tuna
ʻO ka tuna Striped ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka moana ākea i waena o kā lākou ʻano iho: ma ka awelika ulu wale ia a 50-60 cm, nā mea maʻamau - a hiki i ka 1 m.
I ke kiʻi onionio kiʻi ʻia
Hulu-lōʻihi (keʻokeʻo tuna) - iʻa kai a i 1.4 m ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona a 60 kg. Polū pouli ka hope me ka sheen metallic, māmā ka ʻōpū. Kapa ʻia ʻo Longtip no ka nui o nā peʻa pectoral. ʻO ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka mea waiwai nui, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i kūʻai ai nā mea kuke Kepani i kahi kupapaʻu no $ 100,000.
I ke kiʻi, tuna longfin
Hiki i nā tanuna Yellowfin i kekahi manawa i 2-2.5 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a 200 kg. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa no ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele huali o ka dorsal a me ka anal anal. Hinahina-polū ke kino ma luna, a ʻāhinahina ma lalo. Ma ka laina ʻaoʻao aia kahi lemon me kahi ʻalani polū, ʻoiai i kekahi o nā poʻe e ʻike ʻole ana.
I ke kiʻi melemele tuna
Ma waho aʻe o ka nui o nā maka, ʻo ka tuna maka nunui kahi mea hou aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kona mau hoahānau kokoke. Kai hohonu ʻo ia ʻano tuna - iʻa ola ma kahi hohonu o 200 m, a ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio wale nō ke mālama i ka papa. Hiki i nā kānaka nunui i 2.5 m a kaupaona ma mua o 200 kg.
Iʻa tuna maka nui
ʻO ka nohona Tuna a me kahi nohona
Ke aʻo nei ʻo Tuna i nā iʻa pelagic e makemake i ka wai mehana me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe. He poʻeʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou, wikiwiki a wikiwiki. Pono ʻo Tuna e neʻe i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻoiai ma kēia ala wale nō e lawa ai kahi lako o ka oxygen ma loko o nā gills.
Hele ka iʻa tuna i nā kahakai a hele i kahi mamao loa e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. No laila, mālama ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa i kekahi manawa ke nui ka piʻo o ka iʻa ma ia wahi. ʻAʻole moeʻuhane kahi lawaiʻa laha ʻole i ka hana kiʻi o ka tuna - iʻa me ka ulu kanaka.
Nā wahi wai, kahi e noho ai nā iʻa tuna - nunui. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke ana wela o ke koko, ʻoluʻolu nā iʻa ma + 5 ° a me + 30 °. Hopu ka laulā o ke tuna i nā wai tropical, subtropical a me equatorial o ʻekolu moana: ʻInia, ʻAkelanika a me ka Pākīpika. Makemake kekahi mau laha i ka wai papakū kokoke i ke kapakai, kekahi - ma ka ʻokoʻa - ka maʻalahi o ka wai hāmama.
Mea ʻai tuna
He iʻa ʻaihue ʻo ke kūka. Huli lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, hānai i nā ʻano crustacea a me nā mollusc. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nā anchovies, capelin, sardines, mackerel, herring, sprats. Hopu kekahi i nā pāpaʻi, nā heʻe a me nā cephalopod ʻē aʻe.
ʻIke nā ʻIchthyologists, i ke aʻo ʻana i ka heluna tuna, i ke ao ke iho mai kahi kula iʻa i ka hohonu a ʻimi i laila, ʻoiai i ka pō kokoke i ka papa.
ʻO kahi hihia pīhoihoi, i kiʻi ʻia ma ke wikiō, i kū ma ke kapakai o Sepania: he tuna nunui, i lure ʻia mai kahi moku, a ale i kahi limu, a makemake pū e ʻono i ka iʻa, me ka sardine. Ma hope o kekona kekona, ua hoʻololi ka manaʻo o ka pilikua a kuha aku i ka manu, akā ʻo ka laulā o kona waha a me ka wikiwiki o kāna hana i kū i ka poʻe āpau.
Ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka tuna
I ke kaona equatorial, nā tropics a me kekahi mau wahi o ke kāʻei subtropical (hema o Iapana, Hawaii), e hua mai ana nā tuna i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I nā latitude wela a mehana hoʻi - i ke kau mahana wale nō.
Hiki i kahi wahine nui ke kahili a i 10 miliona mau hua i ka manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm ka nui. Hana ʻia ka mea hoʻomomona i ka wai kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai ke kāne i kāna wai seminal.
Ma hope o 1-2 mau lā, hoʻomaka ka palai mai ka hua. Hoʻomaka koke lākou e hānai iā lākou iho a loaʻa koke ke kaumaha. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpio, ma ke ʻano he rula, mālama i nā papa mehana o ka wai, waiwai i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me ka plankton. Ua hōʻea ʻo Tuna i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki 3, ola ma ka awelika 35, kekahi mau kānaka - a 50 paha.
Ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ke kaiapuni a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke aloha ʻole, nui nā ʻano tuna e kokoke ana i ka make. Ua hoʻokau ʻo Greenpeace i ka tuna ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o nā meaʻai e pono ai ke hōʻole ʻia i mea e mālama ai i ka nui o nā lālani ʻaneʻane a hōʻeha ʻole i ke kaiaola.
