Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka dia
He holoholona kupaianaha - hiki i ka reindeer ke lilo i holoholona hihiu a holoholona hoʻi. He mea hilahila ke lilo kēia haʻaheo, lunamakaʻāinana hanohano o ka holoholona i mea i mākaukau no nā mea ʻaihue, no ka mea ʻaʻole ulu ka poʻe dia, akā e emi wale nō.
Liʻiliʻi ka ulu ʻana o kēia holoholona, ma kahi e mae wale ai a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika wale nō, lōʻihi ke kino, a hiki i 220 knm ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻi ʻia ke kāne. Kaupaona nā kāne uʻi mai 100 a 220 kg.
Manaʻo ʻia kiʻi o ka dia, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he waiwai kūpono kā kā lākou huluhulu i nā aka o nā momona a me nā momona. ʻO nā dia ka naheleʻeleʻele loa, akā ʻo nā ʻohana mokupuni ka māmā.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi ke kala o ke kapa, a māmā māmā ka dia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kāne uʻi lehu. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine i ke kala.
I ka reindeer, komo nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā antlers
Ke hoʻolei ʻana, hulu hipa kauwela, aia ma kahi o 1 cm ka lōʻihi, hāʻawi i ka huluhulu hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a mānoanoa. Ma muli o ke ʻano o kēia pale, ʻaʻole hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻomanawanui wale i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, akā he ʻauʻau kupanaha.
Akā ʻaʻole wale ka hulu hipa i mea pilikino i kēia holoholona, hoihoi pū ke ʻano o nā mākia. Ua ākea lākou e pili pono i ka papa o ka hau, a ulu pū nā lauoho lōʻihi ma waena o nā mānoanoa, kahi e kōkua pū i ka holoholona e noho i ka hau. Kūpono nā mākū iā lākou iho, no laila maʻalahi ke ʻeli a hiki i ka holoholona ke loaʻa i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī.
A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, haʻaheo kūikawā dia he pepeiaohao... Ma ke ala, loaʻa lākou i nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā kāne ʻoi aku kā lākou leʻaleʻa - lālā a lōʻihi. Akā i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻolei nā kāne i ko lākou nani, akā noho mau nā wahine me ka pepeia ʻole ma hope o kā lākou hānau
ʻOhi ʻia nā ʻono deer i ossified ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe. Kāhea ʻia kēlā mau pepeiaohao antlers a he waiwai hoʻōla loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Māhele ʻia nā dia i tundra, ulu lāʻau a me nā dia mauna. Hōʻike nā inoa i kahi e makemake ai ka dia. ʻO Tundra dia noho lākou i ka tundra, makemake nā dia i ka nahele i loko o nā ululāʻau, a mālama nā dia mauna i nā kuahiwi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā dia ma nā wahi, no ka mea neʻe pinepine kēia mau holoholona.
Kūleʻa ka dia ma ʻAmelika Hema, Lūkia, Kamchatka, ʻĀkau o Kanada, Alaska, Sakhalin a me Taimyr. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i kapa ʻia ka dia ʻo "ʻākau", ʻoi aku ka makemake o kēia holoholona e noho i nā kūlana o ke kūkulu ʻākau.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka reindeer
Hoʻolilo ka reindeer i ke kauwela a pau ma kahakai ʻo Arctic. I kēia manawa, i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻonāukiuki ka poʻe holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa iā lākou, akā pale ka makani Arctic maikaʻi i nā midges mai nā holoholona ʻeha. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hoʻouna ʻia nā pūʻā dia i nā ululāʻau.
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, nānā kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi i nui ʻole ka hau, no ka mea ma kahi o nā hau nui he paʻakikī iā lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi pēlā, hiki i ka pūʻā ke lanakila ma mua o 500 km, ʻau ma nā kahawai a hele i nā āla ʻē aʻe. Me ka hoʻomaka o Mei ke poʻo o nā dia e hoʻi ai i ka tundra. Ma ke ala, neʻe mau nā bipi reindeer ma ke ala like.
ʻO ka pinepine, noho nā dia i loko o nā pā bipi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, noho kaʻawale kekahi poʻe, akā ʻaʻole ʻano kēia. ʻOkoʻa ka helu o nā kānaka i loko o ka pā. Ma ke ʻano he rula, aia kekahi kāne i ka hui, a ʻo ke koena he wahine me nā manu ʻōpio.
Pēlā nō, pale ke poʻo o ka bipi i kāna mau koi ʻelua mai nā ʻenemi a mai nā mea komo hewa o nā kāne ʻē aʻe. I loko o nā wā male, ma muli o kēia, hoʻoili kaua koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā kāne. Kaha ke kāne i kona wahi noho me kahi huna kūikawā.
Mea ʻai
ʻO Reindeer, e like me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona ʻai mea kanu. Hoʻohana nui lākou no ka meaʻai i nā mea āpau e hāʻawi ai ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea ʻai nui a kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka puaʻa ka lichen, a kuhi hewa ʻia he limu (ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he lichen ia).
Hāpai ʻia nā kāhūhū o kēia mea kanu e ka reindeer e 90%, akā ʻaʻole paha e ʻānai loa nā holoholona ʻē aʻe iā ia. Akā ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o nā wikamina i ka reindeer reindeer e hoʻopiha ai i kā lākou papaʻai me nā hua, nā lau, a me nā mauʻu like ʻole.
Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o nā wikamina i ka laikini reindeer, pono ka dia e hoʻopiha i kāna papaʻai me nā hua a me nā mea kanu like ʻole. Hana kēia i ke kauwela. Aia i ke kauwela e hana ai ʻo reindeer lichen i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā mea āpau a ka holoholona e ʻai ai.
I kēia wā, hāʻawi ʻokoʻa ka holoholona i kāna papa kuhikuhi. ʻAi ʻo Reindeer i ka mauʻu nui, ʻohi i nā hua, nā lau, a me nā lemmings ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā. Kūpono loa lākou e pili ana i ka palaʻai. Ma ke ala, hānai ʻia nā dia kahu holoholona me lākou. Hāʻawi ʻia nā pipi i ka mauʻu, hoʻohui ʻia ka silage.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu a me ke ola o ka reindeer
Mai ka waenakonu o ʻOkakopa a hiki i Nowemapa, hoʻomaka ʻo reindeer i ka rutting, ʻo ia ka wā hānau. I ka wā o ka rut, ʻike nā kāne i ko lākou ʻoi aku ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ke olakino, no ka mea, ʻo ka hakakā no nā wahine (koʻikoʻi), ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka lōʻihi o ka genus. Hiki i kahi kāne lapuwale a mana hoʻi ke uhi ma mua o 10 mau wahine i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo reindeer
Hāpai nā wahine i ka fetus no 8 mau mahina, a ma Mei-Iune wale nō hānau ʻia nā keiki. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi pēpē. Hana ʻia nō hoʻi nā māhoe, akā ʻaʻole iki kēia.
Liʻiliʻi a palupalu hoʻi ke pēpē hou, 6 kg wale nō ke kaumaha, akā ʻekolu mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka pepeiaohao e haki. Pono e ulu wikiwiki kahi fawn, e loaʻa wikiwiki i ke kaumaha, no ka mea kūlike ka hānau me ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana.
ʻIke koke ke keiki bipi iā ia iho ma nā ʻano non-greenhouse - pono e lanakila i kahi mamao koʻikoʻi. Akā i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā dia i nā ʻīlio hae, wolverine, lynxes a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, nānā pono nā kāne i ka pūʻā, inā ʻaʻohe o ka dia ke manawa e pakele ai, ʻae lākou i ke kaua a hiki ke hōʻino loa i ka ʻenemi me ko lākou mau pepeiaohao a me nā kui. No laila, pale ka wahine a me ka bipi keiki.
Noho kokoke ka bipi keiki i ka makuahine, noho pū ʻo ia me ia i ʻelua mau makahiki a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio. Wā ola reindeer ʻaʻole nui loa, 25 wale nō nā makahiki, no laila he mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka hoʻopōkole ʻana o kēia ola e nā poʻe ʻimi ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
