Kharza (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Ussuri marten a i ʻole melemele-umauma) He holoholona hānai mammal ia no ka ʻohana o nā mustelids, a ʻo ia ka lāhui nui loa ma waena o kēia genus a ʻike ʻia e ka waihoʻoluʻu kupanaha a ʻano ʻē hoʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
He palupalu ke kino o ka harza, muscular a elongated, me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me kahi poʻo waena waena. Kuhikuhi ka waha, a liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao e pili ana i ke poʻo.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka holoholona ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino, nā wāwae me nā kapuaʻi ākea a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi. ʻO nā paona kaupaona mai 2.4 a 5.8 kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine e ka hapakolu, i kekahi manawa a ʻo ka hapalua.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka kharza mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā mustelid e kona ʻālohilohi a me ke kala hoʻomanaʻo ʻole.
ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka holoholona a ʻokoʻa i ke kala o nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe i nā aka like ʻole. ʻO ka waha a me ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke poʻo he ʻeleʻele maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke poʻo me nā ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo.
ʻO kaʻaʻahu ma ke kino o ka harza o kahi malu gulaʻeleʻele, e lilo i brown i nā paws a me ka huelo. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā ʻōpio, a pouli loa i ka makahiki.
Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Kharzu ma nā mokupuni ʻo Greater Sunda, ka Peninsula ʻo Malay, Indochina a i ʻole nā kuʻina wāwae o ka Himalayas. Hoʻomohele ʻia ia ma India, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Turkey, Kina a me ke Kōlea Korea.
ʻO Afghanistan, Dagestan, North Ossetia, nā mokupuni o Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, Israel a me Georgia aia i kahi o kēia mau mea ʻaihue weasel. I Lūkia, noho ka harza ma nā moku Amur, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnodar a me Khabarovsk. I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia ka marten umauma melemele i ka Crimea (ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa ma kahi kokoke o Yalta a me Massandra).
Makemake nui ʻo Kharza i ka noho ʻana i kai kokoke i ka wai. ʻO kahi ʻano laha ʻole e like me Nilgir kharza, loaʻa wale ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o India, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma hope wale nō o ke kipa ʻana i nā wahi hiki ʻole o kēia ʻāina.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka harza
Noho ʻo Kharza i nā ulu lāʻau ulu me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. I nā ʻāina wela, neʻe kokoke ia i nā wahi pohopoho, a ma nā kapuaʻi wāwae e noho ia i nā ulu lāʻau juniper a me nā kumulāʻau i hūnā ʻia ma waena o nā pōhaku. Hōʻalo ʻo Kharza i ka poʻe a hoʻāʻo e noho mamao mai nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale. ʻAʻole ʻo ia makemake i nā wahi anuanu a me ka hau me kona alo.
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano martens ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole nakinaki ʻia kēia holoholona i kahi panalāʻau a alakaʻi iki i kahi ʻano noho, koe wale nō nā wahine ʻo Horza i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana a me ka wā lactation.
Aia a harza– marten predatory, ʻoiai e ʻimi nei i kahi pio, hele ia a i iwakālua mau kilomika i kēlā me kēia lā, a no ka hoʻomaha e koho ia i ia mau puʻuhonua e like me ke kahawai i loko o ka pōhaku a i ka lua paha o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe aia i loko o kahi pā makani, hiki ʻole i ke komo kanaka. Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pili kokoke ka Ussuri martens i nā hale paʻa mau, makemake e alakaʻi i kahi nohona nomadic.
Hiki iā Harza ke ʻākoakoa pinepine i nā hui liʻiliʻi.
Hele ʻo Kharza ma ka honua, ʻoiai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ia, e piʻi manuahi ana i nā kumu lāʻau paheʻe a lele i waena o lākou ma kahi mamao a he ʻumi mau mika. ʻImi ʻia ʻo Ussuri martens i nā hui (maʻa mau mai ʻekolu a ʻelima mau kānaka), ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai lākou he holoholona nohona.
I kēia hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kā lākou kuleana ma ke kaʻina ʻimi holoholona: kipaku kekahi i ka mea pio i loko o kahi pahele, kahi e kali nei nā "hoa ʻē aʻe" iā ia. I ka wā o ka alualu ʻana, hoʻopuka mau lākou i nā kani e like me ka hae ʻana o nā ʻīlio, a he hana hoʻohuihui kāna.
Hiki i nā martens umauma melemele ke hana i nā kāne male a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i mau hui ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻimi holoholona, akā no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi pū kekahi.
ʻO ka meaʻai Harza
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he predator ka harza, a ʻoiai e manaʻo ʻia ia he holoholona omnivorous, ʻo ka nui o kāna papaʻai he aneane 96% o nā meaʻai holoholona.
Hiki iā Kharza ke ʻai i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā squirrels, nā ʻīlio raccoon, sables, hares, pheasants, hazel grouse, nā iʻa like ʻole, molluscs, nā ʻelala, a me nā holoholona nunui e like me nā puaʻa hihiu, dia dia, elk, dia a me nā dia ʻulaʻula.
Makemake ʻo Harza i nā hua, nā hua a me nā hua mai nā mea kanu mea kanu. Makemake pū kekahi ʻo Ussuri marten e ʻahaʻaina i ka meli, e ʻūlū i kona huelo i loko o ka pū meli a laila palu iā ia.
I ke kau anuanu, hele hewa nā holoholona i loko o nā hui no ka hopu like ʻana, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka puna, hele ka harza i kahi kālepa kūʻokoʻa a hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai iā ia iho.
ʻOiai ka nui o ka papaʻai o ka martens umauma melemele ākea, mai nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi a me nā dia sika i nā hua paina a me nā ʻano hua like ʻole, mahalo nui ʻia nā dia musk, kahi a lākou e kalaiwa ai i loko o kahi moe o kahi kahawai i paʻa i mea e nalowale ai ka holoholona i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā neʻena ʻoiai he pahee. , a, no laila, ua lilo i waiwai pio na ka kharza.
Hiki iā Harza ke hoʻouka i nā manuʻai i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka wā hānau o nā Ussuri martens i ʻAukake. Kaua pinepine nā kāne no nā wahine, e hakakā ana no lākou. Noho ka hapai o ka wahine no 120 mau lā, a ma hope iho ua ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho kahi palekana, kahi e lawe ai i nā keiki i ka nui o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau keiki.
Hāʻule nui ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki hānau hou ma ka poʻohiwi o ka makuahine, ʻaʻole hānai wale ka wahine i nā keiki, akā aʻo pū iā lākou pehea e alualu ai a me nā hana ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ke ola hou ʻana i ka nāhelehele.
Noho ʻo Cubs i ka manawa me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka puna aʻe, a laila haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana makua. Hiki i nā wahine Harza ke oʻo i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau makahiki.
ʻO nā martens umauma melemele nā holoholona pilikino a hana i nā kāne i male ʻole i haki i ko lākou ola. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻenemi maoli i ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka kharza, he ʻano lipi lōʻihi lākou a ola a ʻumikūmālima a iwakālua mau makahiki, a ʻoi aku paha.
Kūʻai kharza pilikia loa, ʻoiai no ka laha ʻole kēia holoholona a komo pū ʻia i loko o nā papa inoa o nā kālepa kūwaho i nā ʻano ʻaneʻane pau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa kiʻi o kharza a mai huki i kēia nomadic marten mai kona wahi maoli.
