ʻO Ruff- kahi iʻa maʻamau loa i loaʻa i loko o nā wai maʻemaʻe o nā kahawai a me nā loko i loko o Rūsia, kahi one a pōhaku paha ka lalo. Kaulana ka iʻa no kāna ʻāpala. ʻO kēia nā ʻohana pili o ka perch, a i ka manawa like i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohilohi. Hoʻohana hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ma muli o kā lākou ʻono.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Ruff
ʻO Ruffs no ka mahele o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia. Pili lākou i ka ʻohana perch. I ka manawa like, manaʻo ʻia lākou kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana maʻamau o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka iʻa wai mānoanoa e noho ana i nā ʻano wai like ʻole o ʻEulopa, a ʻo ʻAkia Waena hoʻi.
He mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i 4 mau ʻano ruffs wale nō:
- maʻamau;
- don;
- onionio;
- Keka.
Video: Ruff
ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua wale nō i ʻike ʻia ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Rūsia, ʻoi aku ma ka ʻaoʻao waena. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka laha.
Hana kēia i kekahi mau hanana:
- e loaʻa i nā ruff kahi i loko o ka wai papau, kahi kokoke i kahi lua, kahi puahiohio, kahi kaumaha.
- ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loko e pale i ka hau, aia lākou i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, e neʻe mālie nei i ka lihi o ka lua;
- me ka hau mua, heʻe nā ruffs i loko o ka lua a paʻa ma laila i nā papa;
- e hōʻole hōʻole i ka iʻa i ka meaʻai a hiki i ka kō ʻana o ka wai.
Inā ʻaʻole paʻa ka waihona wai, a laila hiki i nā ruffs ke hoʻomau i ka hānai ʻana, akā ʻaʻole like me ka ʻeleu e like me nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ruff?
Manaʻo kekahi i ka ruff ma ke ʻano o ka helehelena he mea mua loa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ma nā hihia āpau. Loaʻa i nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona (ʻoiai e hoʻohui i nā kākalaioa). He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hina maʻamau he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko kala ma nā ʻaoʻao. Pōkole ke kino o ka ruff a kaomi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o ka ruff ma ka averiga like i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o kona kino.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā iwi ā o ka ruff me nā niho e like me ka hulu, ʻaʻole nā canine. Pau ke poʻo i ka waha o ka snout pālahalaha iki. ʻO ka "kāleka kipa" o ka ruff he kakalaioa. Aia lākou ma nā pectoral, dorsal a me nā anal anal. Ma ka awelika, hiki i ka ruff ke ulu a 19 cm, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna kaumaha ma 300 gram. I kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike he mau hihia i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia kanaka a 30 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a 0.5 kg.
ʻAneʻane ʻano like nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ruffles āpau. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui wale nō i nā palena liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻano nui ke ʻano o nā ruff kaha onionio, i loaʻa nā kaha ʻano ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iʻa:
- poʻo nui, ka nui o nā mea a hiki i ka hapakolu o ke kino;
- ke kalaʻeleʻele o ke poʻo a me nā peʻa;
- iris polū o nā maka ʻōpuʻu maopopo;
- ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia nā peʻa ʻaoʻao;
- spine hou ma nā gills, hiki ke wehe inā ʻike ka iʻa i ka weliweli.
Pili nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ruffs i ko lākou wahi noho, a pono nō hoʻi e hōʻoia i ka pae kūpono o ka pale.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ruff?
Kiʻi: Ruff i loko o ka wai
Noho wale ʻo Ruffs i ka wai hou. ʻAʻole lākou e komo iki i ke kai. Makemake nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano i ka noho ma lalo. Ma ke kūpono, ʻike lākou i nā wai hohonu kahi maopopo loa o ka wai. Ma kahi kokoke i ka papa o ka waihona wai, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou. ʻAʻole nā wahi me nā kahe wikiwiki e ʻumeʻume i nā ruffs. Hoʻāʻo hou lākou e ʻike i nā wahi mālie kahi anuanu ka wai.
ʻAno maʻalahi ʻole ka iʻa i ke ʻano o ka nohona. Hiki i nā Ruff ke noho pono a hiki i nā kahawai i haumia me nā ʻōpala i nā kūlanakauhale - ʻaʻole pili iki kēia i ka maikaʻi o ko lākou ola, inā he kaulike ka haumia. ʻO ka mea nui loa no ke ola maʻamau o nā ruffs ka lawa o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai. ʻO ia ke kumu e noho ʻole ai ka iʻa i loko o ka wai stagnant. Akā makemake nā ʻōpala i nā loko iʻa a me nā loko me ka wai holo, makemake e noho ma laila kokoke i ka lalo i hiki.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ruffs āpau e aloha i ka wai anuanu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, koi ʻia lākou e nānā no nā wahi anuanu, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka lethargic o ka iʻa, lohi. Hana ʻia kēia inā hoʻomehana ka wai a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 kekelē Celsius. I ke kauwela, ke hoʻomaka nei ka hau e hana, a i ka puna, hiki i ka ruff ke noho i ka wai pāpaʻu. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, wela loa nona ma laila. I ka hoʻoilo, hele nā ruffs i kahi hohonu a noho i ka wā hoʻoilo ma laila.
Ma waho aʻe o ka mahana o ka wai, ka intolerance o ke kukui uila e koi i ka ruff e noho kokoke i ka lalo. Aloha nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano i ka pouli. Pili pū kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā wahi punahele loa o nā ruffs he whirlpools, nā pali kūpikipiki, driftwood. ʻAʻole neʻe ʻo Ruffs ma kahi mamao.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka ruff. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ruff?
Kiʻi: iʻa Ruff
ʻO Ruffs he poʻe ʻaihue. ʻAʻole loa lākou e hoʻopau i nā meaʻai mea kanu. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻopau nā ruffs i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, a me nā larva insect. Akā ʻo ka mea weliweli loa no ke kūlohelohe i nā mea āpau ke hiki i nā ruffs ke hoʻopau i ka caviar, nā keikikāne a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe hoʻi no ka meaʻai. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i nā lehulehu ʻē aʻe.
Inā nui loa nā ʻōpala i loko o ka waihona wai, pilikia kēia i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma laila. ʻO kēia nā benthophages - nā mea ʻaihue ʻai nui i ka poʻe noho benthic. Akā i ka manawa like, i kekahi mau hihia, ʻai paha lākou i nā kolo i hāʻule i ka papa o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia o nā ʻano ʻino e nā ʻai a me nā ʻōpio, i hiki ʻole ke ʻimi i nā iʻa nui aʻe.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai e pili pono i ka nui o nā iʻa. ʻO Rotifers ka papaʻai nui no nā ruffs hānau hou. Hānai nā ʻai nui i nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi, daphnia, cyclops, a me nā ʻokoke. ʻO nā ʻōpio, nā ruffs makua e aloha i nā ilo a i ʻole nā lepe. Akā makemake nā mākua nunui e ʻimi wale i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Mea hoihoi: Kūleʻa nui ʻo Ruffs. Hanai lākou i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka wā hoʻoilo, ke ʻaneʻane koho nā ʻano ʻē aʻe āpau e lele i ka meaʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomau mau ai ka ulu ʻana o nā ruffs.
Akā i ka manawa like, ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa i kēia manawa ke loaʻa wale ka meaʻai i mea e hānai ai iā lākou iho, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i māʻona. Akā ma muli o kahi nohona hana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā ruffs i ka momona e like me kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Huli ʻo Ruff i ka hapanui o nā mea āpau i ke ahiahi - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai na kēia iʻa.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki iā Ruff ke alualu i ka pouli piha. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia i ka maka e ʻimi ai i ka mea pio. ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka heluna kanaka i kahi laina laina i hoʻomohala ʻia e kiʻi ʻia i nā fluctuations liʻiliʻi loa i ka wai, e kōkua ana e ʻike i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea pio ma kahi mamao loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Ruff ma Lūkia
Aloha ʻo Ruff i ka wai ʻoluʻolu. Ke lilo ka wai i loko o ka wai i mehana mehana, hele aku ia i ka waha o nā kahawai a hūnā paha ma lalo o nā bogs. Ma laila hiki iā ia ke kali i ke kauwela āpau inā noho ʻo ia i kahi wai pāpaʻu. ʻO kekahi mea makemake ʻole i ka wai mehana e noho ma laila - mormysh, i lilo i meaʻai nui na ka ruff i kēia manawa. Inā hiki, hiki iā ia ke waiho i nā loko i ka moe o ka muliwai i ke kauwela a hele i laila i ka muliwai hou, kahi e loaʻa ai iā ia ka loko wai hohonu loa, i hiki iā ia ke kali i ke kauwela ma lalo.
Inā pono, hiki i ka ruff ke noho i nā wahi o kēia au wikiwiki. Akā, e like me ka nui o nā iʻa lalo, ma laila ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo ai e makemake i kekahi ʻano snag, kahi pōhaku nui, kahi pale i hūnā ma hope ona a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i kēlā wahi mehameha. ʻO ka maʻamau, he iʻa maluhia nā ruffs. Launa pū kekahi me kekahi ma waena o ka heluna like. ʻOiai wau e noho nei i kahi o nā makahiki like ʻole a me nā nui o nā ruffs, ʻaʻole lākou e hakakā me kekahi a ʻaʻole hoʻokūkū kekahi. Akā i ka manawa like, ma kahi e noho ai ka heluna kanaka, koe wale no ka burbot, kākaʻikahi ka mea i hiki ke hele pū kekahi. Mai poina i nā ruffs he predators mau nō.
ʻAʻole makemake nā Ruffs e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano e ka neʻe ʻana. Hana wale lākou i kēia me ka ikaika ke hoʻomehana ka wai a i kahi pae koʻikoʻi. I kēia hihia, hele nā ruff i nā wahi ʻē aʻe e ʻimi i kahi au anuanu. Ke hala ke kauwela a hiki i ke kauwela, hoʻomaka nā ruffs e hui pūʻulu, e koho ana i kahi nohona no lākou iho me ka nui o ka meaʻai. Ma ke ala, aia i kēia manawa i lilo lākou i mau pio maʻalahi, no laila ʻo ka lawaiʻa nui o nā ruff i waenakonu o ke kauwela.
Mea hoihoi: Haʻalele nā iʻa nui no ka hoʻoilo i ka lalo o nā loko ma mua o ka ʻōpio.
ʻO ka luʻu mua kahi ana pono. Ke kīloi nei nā makani ikaika i nā ʻūlū ma luna o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻohe manawa e haʻalele i ka wai papau i kahi hohonu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Ruff i ka muliwai
Hele mau ʻo Ruffs no ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka ulu mua. I nā loko a i ʻole nā loko iʻa, hoʻomaka kēia i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau. Akā i nā kahawai - a hiki i kahi kahawai. Ma kahi o ka hopena o Malaki-i ka mua o ʻApelila ka hoʻomaka o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻohe hoʻomākaukau kūikawā nā ruffs no kēia pae. Hiki iā lākou ke lūlū i nā ʻāpana o ka waihona wai. Hānau ʻo Ruffs i ka pō a i ʻole ahiahi iki. Ma mua, ua huddled ka iʻa i loko o nā kula o kekahi mau tausani oʻo makua.
Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine i ka manawa ke kau i nā hua he 50-100 tausani, i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻokahi membrane mucous. ʻO nā pōhaku, nā limu a i ʻole ka driftwood, a me nā mea kūpono ʻē aʻe i ka lalo nā wahi kūpono e hoʻopili ai i nā hua. ʻO ka hatch fry ma hope o 2 mau pule. ʻAneʻane koke, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa: hānai a ulu. ʻO ke kanaka i ka makahiki o 2-3 mau makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he oʻo kolohe. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole mākaukau ka mākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ruffs i ka makahiki wale nō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino kekahi mea e hoʻoholo ai. Manaʻo ʻia no kēia mea pono e ulu ka iʻa a 10-12 knm. Akā me kēia lōʻihi, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe ma mua o kekahi mau kaukani mau hua i ka wā o ka hānau mua ʻana.
ʻAʻole centenarians loa nā Ruffs. Hiki i ke kāne wahine ke ola a 11 mau makahiki i ka hiki, akā ʻaʻole ola ke kāne ma mua o 8. I ka manawa like, e like me ka helu helu, make nā iʻa i nā kūlohelohe ma mua o kēia makahiki. Ma mua o 90% o nā ruffs i kū i ke kūlohelohe he mau kānaka i hōʻea ʻole i 3 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ola ka nui o nā iʻa ʻōpio i ke oʻo makua ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū kūlohelohe, nā maʻi a me ka nele o ka oxygen, nā meaʻai i ke kau hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia ka mea e wehewehe ai i ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia i hoʻokahi paʻa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, 1-2 wale nō o lākou e ola i ka wā makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ruffs
Kiʻi: iʻa Ruff
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ʻo Ruffs, mahalo i kā lākou kākalaioa, pale palekana ʻia mai nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia. ʻOiai he kākalaioaʻoi loa kā lākou, nui ko lākou mau ʻenemi i ka nāhelehele. ʻO nā ʻano iʻa predatory nā mea weliweli na lākou. ʻO Pike perch, catfish a me burbot he mea weliweli loa ia no nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Hoʻouka lākou i nā ruff inā ʻaʻole paʻa ka lākou kui - a laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoweliweli i ka hoa paio.
I ka manawa like, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole nui ka iʻa nui no nā ruffs i ka nui o nā iʻa e like me nā manu (waterfowl). ʻO nā herona, nā cormorants, nā hahi i hopu i nā ruffs kokoke i ke kahakai. Eia hou, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia he ʻōpelu ʻōpio a me ka ʻai. He weliweli loa kēia no ka lehulehu o ka iʻa i ka nui.
No kēia kumu, noho nā ruffs i kahi wahi waena i ka loiloi holoʻokoʻa o ka kaulahao meaʻai maoli. Hoʻohui ʻia, manaʻo ʻia ka poʻe he ʻenemi ka lehulehu. ʻO ke kumu e ʻimi ʻiʻo nui ana. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ʻo Ruffs no nā ʻano hana like ʻole, no laila ke emi nei kā lākou helu. Akā ʻaʻole wale ma kēia mea, hoʻopōʻino ke kanaka i ka laha.
ʻO ke kumu i loko o ka haumia kaiapuni. Hiki i nā Ruffs ke noho wale i nā wai maʻemaʻe. Inā hoʻomaka koke kahi kanaka e hoʻohaumia i ka wai, a laila make paha nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano. No laila, kumu ʻole ke kanaka i ka pololei a pololei ʻole hoʻi i ka hōʻino i ka heluna lehulehu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ruff?
I kēia lā paʻakikī loa e koho i ka helu kikoʻī o nā heluna ruff i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ke kumu ke noho nei lākou i nā kino wai he nui. He paʻakikī hoʻi e noʻonoʻo i kahi o lākou i ka nui o nā kanaka o kēia iʻa e ola. ʻO ia ke kumu hiki ʻole ke helu pono i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i ke kūlohelohe.
I ka manawa like, palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana he mea hoʻohoka loa ke kūlana o ka lehulehu. Aia nā Ruffs i ka mahele o nā iʻa, ka mea e emi wikiwiki nei a no laila koi ʻia ka pale hana mai nā keʻena aupuni.
Kaulana nā Ruffs ma ke ʻano he lawaiʻa. Eia kekahi, i nā kūlana hana, ʻaʻole i hānai ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma nā mahiʻai. ʻO nā kānaka wale nō i hopu ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e hoʻopau ʻia no ka meaʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu e emi wikiwiki nei kā lākou helu. Eia hou, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, alo pū lākou i nā mea weliweli he nui, ʻo ia ka mea i pili pono i kēia kūlana.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ana i nā ana, e nalo koke ana nā mea he nui a i ʻole nā ʻano ruffs āpau. Akā inā hiki ke hoʻoponopono iki ʻia ka nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ma ka pae kau kānāwai, e kaupalena ana i kēia pilikia, a laila ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hana kūʻē aku i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia mau iʻa.
Kiaʻi Ruff
Kiʻi: Ruff mai ka Red Book
I kēia lā, helu ʻia ka ruff i loko o ka Red Book wale nō. ʻO ke kuhi ʻaʻole lawe ʻia kēlā mau ana i nā mokuʻāina āpau, a pili wale nō hoʻi i kekahi mau ʻāpana iʻa. Ma mua, ʻo Ruff-Nosar wale nō ke kiaʻi ʻia. I ka manawa mua, ua komo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Ukraine. ʻO kēia wale nō nā subspecies o nā ruffs i hoʻolaha ākea ʻia i nā kīʻaha muliwai o Ukraine, a ma laila i ʻike ʻia ai kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane make.
A laila ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka Ruff-nosar (Donskoy) i loko o ka Red Book ma Lūkia. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha koke no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ruffs he mea ʻono, akā i ka manawa like he maʻalahi lākou. Ua paʻa paʻa ʻia kēia iʻa no nā makahiki he nui. e pili ana me ka mea e emi wikiwiki nei kāna poʻe. E hoʻonā i ka pilikia, hana maʻalahi ʻia nā mahiʻai kūikawā, kahi e hānai ʻia ai kēia ʻano no ka hoʻohana ma hope i ka meaʻai.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, kaupalena ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā ruffs. Hāʻawi kūikawā ʻia ka manawa, a me ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka lehulehu. He mea nui ka nānā ʻana i ka pāpā pāpā ʻia i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia iʻa i ka wā spawning. Hoʻopili pū kēia mau iʻa i ka manaʻo o nā mea he nui no ko lākou helehelena exotic, ʻo ia ke kumu i hopu ʻia ai lākou i kekahi manawa no ka hana ʻē aʻe.
I kēia ala, kāwili ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia he iʻa e pono ai ka pale kūikawā mai ka mokuʻāina. Hoʻoiho kēia mau iʻa nani i ka manaʻo i nā ʻano o ko lākou helehelena a me nā iʻa o ka hopu kai. Akā no ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka i ka pae kūpono, pono e mālama e hōʻoia i ka palena ʻana o kēia mau unahi a kaohi loa ʻia.
Ka lā paʻi: 09.12.2019
Lā hou: 12/15/2019 ma 21:24
