Deer o Dāvida - he holoholona hanohano i ʻeha i nā hana a ke kanaka a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻole. Ma muli o ka nui o nā loli i ko lākou wahi maoli, ua ola kēia mau holoholona i ka pio wale nō. Aia kēia mau dia ma lalo o ka pale honua a nānā mau ʻia ko lākou lehulehu e nā loea.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻO Deer a David
Kapa ʻia ka dia ʻo Dāvida ʻo "mila". He holoholona kēia i maʻa wale i nā zoo a noho ʻole i ka nāhelehele. Pili i ka ʻohana dia - kekahi o nā ʻohana nui loa o nā mea hānai hānai lāʻau.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka dia ma nā wahi a puni ka honua: ma nā wahi anuanu o Yakutia a me ka North North, a ma Australia hoʻi, Nūhōlani, ʻAmelika a ma ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, loaʻa i ka ʻohana he 51 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o kekahi dia ma ke ʻano he kaʻawale.
Video: ʻO David Deer
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka dia. Hiki ke liʻiliʻi i kā lākou nui - ka nui o ka hare, kahi dia pudu. Aia kekahi dia nui nui e hiki aku ana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha o nā lio - moose. Nui nā dia i nā antlers, kahi, ma ke ʻano he mau kāne wale nō.
Mea hoihoi: Nānā ʻole i kahi e noho ai ka dia, e loli mau nō ia i kāna antlers i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā dia mua ma ʻAsia i ka wā o ka Oligocene. Mai laila aku, ua hoʻolaha koke lākou ma waena o ʻEulopa ma muli o ka neʻe mau ʻana. ʻO ke alahaka ʻAmelika maoli i ʻAkau ʻĀkau i hāʻawi ʻia i ka noho kolone ʻana o kēia ʻāina e ka dia.
I nā wā mua o ko lākou ola ʻana, he pilikua nā dia, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o nā hoʻololi o ke anilā, ua hoʻemi nui lākou i ka nui, ʻoiai naʻe he mau lāʻau ulu nui lākou.
ʻO ka dia he hōʻailona o nā moʻomeheu he nui, aia pinepine i nā kaʻao e like me nā holoholona hanohano, koa a koa hoʻi. Hōʻike pinepine ka dia i ka ikaika kāne, ma muli o ka nohona polygamous o nā kāne.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dia a Dāvida
He holoholona nui ke dia o Davida. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino ke hōʻea i 215 cm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo he 140 cm i nā kāne. ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o kona kino i kekahi manawa ma mua o 190 kg, a he nui ia no ka mea ulu lāʻau. He huelo lōʻihi kā kēia mau dia - ma kahi o 50 cm.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino o kēia dia ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū, ka umauma a me nā wāwae o loko. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomehana ka dia, loaʻa ke kala hina-ʻulaʻula, a lilo kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa i kahakaha. ʻO ka mea hiwahiwa o kēia dia ka lauoho kiaʻi, nona kahi ʻano wavy a hoʻololi ʻole i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia lauoho lauoho lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka papa luna o ka lauoho dia.
Ma ke kua, mai ka pali a i ka pelvis, aia kahi kaha ʻeleʻele lahilahi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu. ʻO ke poʻo o kēia dia dia elongated, hoʻopili, me nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā puka ihu nui. Nui nā pepeiao Deer, kiko iki a me ke kelepona paʻa.
He mau wāwae lōʻihi ko ka dia a Dāvida me nā ʻūlū ākea. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe lōʻihi o ka ʻūpā e hōʻike i kahi noho wai, kahi e neʻe ai ka dia me ka paʻakikī ʻole ma muli o kēia ʻano physiological. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ka mākia e like me ka mea e pono ai.
I ka manawa like, like ke kino o nā dia me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o nā dia nui ʻē aʻe. He mea ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka huelo o ka dia - ʻano like me kahi huelo hoki elongated me kahi palaki ma ka hopena. He pepeiaohao nui ko nā kāne e poepoe i nā ʻāpana keʻa. Ma waenakonu, ʻāpana mānoanoa, lālā nā pepeiaohao, a kuhikuhi ʻia nā kaʻina i hope me nā wēlau ʻoi.
Hoʻololi nā kāne i kēia mau pepeiaohao i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki - i Nowemapa a Ianuali. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻaʻohe o lākou pepeiaohao, a ʻaʻohe o lākou moekolohe dimorphism.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā dia ʻo Dāvida?
Kiʻi: Deer o David ma Kina
He holoholona ka dia a Dāvida e noho wale ana ma Kina. I ka mua, ua kaupalena ʻia kona wahi noho maoli i nā wahi kai a me nā ululāʻau humu o Central China a me kāna ʻāpana waena. Minamina, ua ola ka lāhui i nā zoo.
ʻO ke kino o ko Dāvida mau puʻupuʻu e ʻōlelo nei no kona aloha i nā wahi pulu. Pālahalaha loa kona mau hooves, ke pāʻani maoli nei i ke ʻano o ka hau hau, akā i ka pohā. Mahalo i kēia ʻano o ka hooves, hiki i ka dia ke hele wāwae ma nā ʻāina haʻalulu nui loa, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka ʻoluʻolu a ʻaʻole e make i loko.
ʻO ke kumu o ke ʻano elongated o ke ʻano o kēia dia i maopopo. Hoʻolālā like ʻia ke kaupaona i nā wāwae ʻehā o kēia holoholona, i ʻae ʻia ia e mālama ʻia i nā kahawai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me ka lepo paʻa ʻole.
Ikaika loa nā wāwae o kēia dia, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole makemake ia e holo wikiwiki. ʻO ka wahi maʻū kahi e noho ai kēia mau dia e pono ai ke akahele a me ka lohi o ka hele wāwae, a ma kēia ʻano neʻe ke dia a hiki i ka lepo paʻa.
I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa nā dia a Dāvida i nā zoo nui he nui i ka honua. ʻO ka mea mua, he mau zoo Kina kēia, kahi e mahalo ʻia ai kēia ʻano dia. Akā hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Lūkia - ma ka Zoo o Moscow, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā ʻano mai 1964.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai nā dia ʻo Dāvida. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai nā dia a Dāvida?
Kiʻi: dia ʻo David
ʻO nā dia ʻo Dāvida he mau mea ulu wale, e like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana dia. I nā zoo, hānai ʻo ia i ka meaʻai maoli - ka mauʻu e ulu ana ma lalo o kona mau wāwae. ʻOiai, hāʻawi ka poʻe loea i nā mea hoʻopihaʻai pono i kēia mau holoholona e mālama iā lākou i ke olakino a ola i ka wā hiki.
Hoʻoholo ka nohona kūlohelohe i kekahi o nā makemake ʻono o kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu aʻe i kā lākou papaʻai.
- nā mea kanu wai - nā līlia wai, nā ʻohe, nā ʻohe;
- lepo lepo;
- nā aʻa o nā mea ulu, kahi e hiki ai i nā dia me ke kōkua o nā muzzles loloa;
- limu a me lichen. Mahalo i ko lākou ulu kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi, hiki i kēia mau dia ke hōʻea maʻalahi i ka ulu limu kiʻekiʻe. Hiki nō iā lākou ke kū ma nā wāwae o hope e kiʻi i ka mālama;
- lau ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau.
ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ke ʻai wale nā dia i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi - nā chipmunks, nāʻiole, a pēlā aku - ʻoiai e hānai ana. ʻAʻole kēia e hōʻeha i nā lāʻau hika i kēlā me kēia ʻano, a i kekahi manawa hoʻopiha hou i ka nui o ke protein i makemake ʻia i loko o ke kino.
Mea hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano papaʻai like e pili pū ana me ka hānai ʻana i nā flora aquatic i ka dia nui, ka elk.
E like me nā lio, aloha nā dia i nā mea paʻakai a me nā meaʻono. No laila, kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana paʻakai nui i loko o ka pā me ka dia, ka mea a lākou i ʻoki liʻiliʻi ai. Eia kekahi, aloha kēia mau holoholona i nā kāloti a me nā ʻāpala, nā mea i hoʻomāhuahua ʻia e ka poʻe mālama zoo. Palena kēia papaʻai e mālama pono i nā holoholona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO David Deer i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO nā dia o Dāvida he holoholona holoholona. Noho nā kāne a me nā wahine i hoʻokahi kau nui, akā i ka wā moekolohe, neʻe aku nā kāne mai nā wahine aku. Ma ka laulā, holoholona ʻole i ka hakakā, pīhoihoi a makaʻu ʻole i ka poʻe ma muli o ka pili mau ʻana me lākou.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia dia ka mea makemake lākou e ʻauʻau. ʻOiai kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ko lākou wahi maoli, ua ola kēia hiʻohiʻona a hiki i kēia lā a ua hoʻoili ʻia genetically. No laila, i loko o nā pā ākea o kēia dia, pono lākou e ʻeli i kahi loko iʻa nui, kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai nā mea kanu wai.
Hiki i kēia dia ke moe i loko o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻauʻau a hānai pū, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka wai. ʻAʻohe o nā dia ʻē aʻe i aloha nui i ka wai a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana - ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i kēia wahi no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻauʻau maikaʻi lākou. He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi ʻo Dāvida - kōkua ʻia kēia e ke ʻano o kona kino a me ke ʻano o kona mau mākia.
I loko o kahi pūʻā dia, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia kekahi alakaʻi kāne kāne nui, kekahi mau wahine a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ʻōpio. I ka nahelehele, alualu ke alakaʻi i nā kāne makua mai loko mai o ka pā - pinepine me ka hakakā e like me ke kūʻē ʻana o ka poʻe pio i ka hoʻoholo a ke alakaʻi. Ua hiki i kekahi mau wahine ke hele aku ma hope o ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o nā kāne ʻōpio mai loko mai o ka ohana bipi.
I ka pio ʻana, hoʻoneʻe wale ʻia nā dia makua i nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau wahine ʻōpio iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa. Hōʻalo kēia i nā hakakā ikaika ma waena o nā kāne, a ʻae pū i nā kāne nāwaliwali e haʻalele i nā keiki, kahi e kōkua ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka lehulehu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Cub a David
Kaha ke kau moʻo e ka hakakā maoli i waena o nā kāne. Pākuʻi lākou me nā pepeiaohao, kaomi a me ka hoʻōho. Ma waho o nā pepeiaohao, hoʻohana lākou i nā niho a me nā kui nui e like me nā mea kaua - i loko o kēlā kaua, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā ʻeha.
Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia ke alakaʻi kāne e nā kāne ʻē aʻe, ka mea hoʻi e hoʻowahāwahā nei i ka male i kēia wā. No laila, pale ka dia i kāna wahine wahine i nā kaua maʻamau. I loko o kēia wā, ʻaʻole ʻai nā alakaʻi kāne kāne a nalo ka nui o ke kaumaha, ʻo ia ke kumu e nāwaliwali ai a lilo pinepine i nā hakakā. Ma hope o ka wā rutting, ʻai nui nā kāne.
Hānau ʻole nā dia o Dāvida. I loko o kona ola, hānau ka wahine i 2-3 cubs, a ma hope ua komo ʻo ia i ka wā elemakule a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau. I ka manawa like, hana mau ka rut, a uhi ka kāne i ka wahine āpau i kāna wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka dia a Dāvida i ka nāhelehele.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o nā dia wahine wahine ʻo David i hala i ʻehiku mau mahina. Hānau mau ʻo ia i hoʻokahi bipi keiki, a lele koke i kona mau wāwae a hoʻomaka e hele. I ka wā mua, hānai ʻo ia i ka waiū o ka waiū, akā wikiwiki koke ʻo ia e kuʻu e kanu i nā meaʻai.
Hoʻokumu nā fawns liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻano kahu hānai. Ma laila, nānā nā wahine a pau o nā bipi iā lākou, ʻoiai ka hānai ʻana o ka manu wale mai kona makuahine. ʻOiai make ka makuahine, ʻaʻole e hānai ka manu o ka wahine mai nā wahine ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae iā ia e inu i kā lākou waiū, no laila hiki wale ka hānai hānai ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā dia a Dāvida
Kiʻi: He pā o nā dia a Dāvida
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kā Dāvida ʻoiai i ka nāhelehele. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho ka mea e hoʻomake ai ka dia i nā mea ʻino he nui i makemake ʻole e komo i ka wahi pohō. No laila, ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka dia a Dāvida a me nā holoholona mālie, ʻaʻole heʻe iki i ka weliweli.
ʻO ka mea ʻaihue nui i hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā dia o David ka tiger keʻokeʻo. Noho kēia holoholona ma ka panalāʻau o Kina a noho i ka piko o ka lāʻai o nā holoholona o kēia ʻāina. Eia hou, noho malie loa kēia Tiga me ke akahele, ka mea i ʻae iā ia e alualu i nā dia a Dāvida me nā ʻano nohona maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻAʻole lilo ka dia a Dāvida i mea pio wale. Ma muli o ko lākou mālama ʻole, hiki i nā mea ʻaihue ke ʻimi holoholona ʻaʻole wale i ka poʻe ʻelemākule, nāwaliwali a ʻōpio paha, akā i nā mākua nō hoʻi. ʻO ke ala wale nō e pakele ai i nā kūpeʻe o ka holoholona weliweli, ʻo ia ke holo hohonu i loko o ka poho, kahi e make ʻole ai ka dia, a ʻeha paha ke Tiga.
Eia nō naʻe, he mau leo kani ko Dāvida e hōʻike ai i ko lākou ʻohana e pili ana i ka pilikia. ʻAʻole lākou hoʻohana iki iā lākou, ʻoiai nui loa lākou a hiki ke huikau i kahi predator lurking.
ʻO nā dia kāne kāne a Dāvida, e like me nā kāne o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā dia, hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i kā lākou holoholona mai nā mea hōkai. Hoʻohana lākou i nā pepeiaohao a me nā wāwae ikaika i pale ʻana - hiki iā lākou ke kīki i ka ʻenemi e like me nā lio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dia a Dāvida
ʻAneʻane luku ʻia nā dia o Dāvida e nā poʻe, a mahalo wale i nā hana a nā loea, hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi heluna kanaka i nā zoo. ʻO Deer o David, ke noho nei i nā kahawai o Kina Waena, ua nalowale ma muli o ke kāohi ʻole ʻia ʻana a me ka nāhelehele nui ʻana.
Hoʻomaka ka luku ʻia e like me ka 1368. A laila ua ola kahi pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā dia a Dāvida wale nō i ka māla o ka Imperial Ming Dynasty. Ua hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻimi iā lākou, akā ma ka ʻohana emepaea wale nō. Ua kapu ʻia ka poʻe ʻē aʻe mai ka hopu holoholona ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu.
Ua hele mai ka mikionali Palani ʻo Armand David i Kina no kahi mea pili aupuni a ua hālāwai mua me ka reindeer a Dāvida (i kapa ʻia ma hope ona). Ma hope wale o nā makahiki lōʻihi o ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka mōʻī e hāʻawi i ka ʻae no ka haʻalele ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i ʻEulopa, akā ma Palani a me Kelemania ua make koke nā holoholona. Akā, ua aʻa lākou i ka waiwai Pelekane, a he ʻanuʻu nui nō hoʻi ia i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka lehulehu.
Eia kekahi, ʻelua mau hanana i hāʻawi i ka luku ʻia o nā dia.
- ʻo ka mea mua, ma 1895 kahe ka muliwai Yellow, i kahe i nā wahi he nui kahi i noho ai nā dia ʻo Dāvida. Nui nā holoholona i pohō, ua heʻe kekahi poʻe a ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa kūpono e hānau ai, a ʻo ke koena i pepehi ʻia e nā mahiʻai pololi;
- ʻo ka lua, ua luku ʻia nā dia i koe i ka wā o ke ala ʻana i ka makahiki 1900. Pēlā i pau ai ke ola o ka heluna dia.
Noho wale lākou ma ka waiwai ma Pelekane. I ka manawa o ka makahiki 1900, ua helu ka heluna o ka poʻe ma kahi o 15. Mai laila mai i lawe ʻia nā dia i ko lākou ʻāina hānau - i Kina, kahi e hoʻomau ai lākou i ka hānau maluhia ʻana ma ka zoo.
Kiaʻi kiaʻi koa ʻo Dāvida
Kiʻi: Deer o David mai ka Red Book
Ua helu ʻia nā dia a Dāvida ma ka puke ʻulaʻula. Noho pio wale lākou - i nā zoo a puni ka honua. Mālama ka heluna kanaka e kūpaʻa, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi.
Ma Kina, aia kahi papahana aupuni no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā dia a Dāvida i nā wahi pale. Hoʻokuʻu pono ʻia lākou i nā mālama a nānā pinepine ʻia, e like me nā mea ʻānai, nā mea ʻai holoholona a me nā pōpilikia hiki ke wāwahi i ka heluna palupalu o kēia mau holoholona.
I kēia manawa, aia ka heluna kanaka dia a puni ka honua ma kahi o ʻelua tausani mau holoholona - he poʻe keiki lākou āpau na kēlā mau kānaka he ʻumikūmālima mai ka waiwai Pelekane. Hoʻokuʻu i loko o ka nahelehele, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia, ʻoiai e aʻo haʻahaʻa ʻia nā holoholona e noho kaʻawale mai nā kānaka.
Deer o Dāvida He moʻolelo kupaianaha kāna e hōʻike mai nei iā mākou ʻoiai kahi ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he make ʻole hiki ke ola i hoʻokahi mau hiʻohiʻona a hoʻomau i ke ola. Lana ka manaʻo, e hiki i nā dia ʻo David ke hoʻi i ka nāhelehele a lawe i kā lākou niche i nā holoholona o Kina.
Ka lā paʻi: 21.10.2019
Lā hou: 09.09.2019 ma 12:35
