I ka nānā mua ʻana, hiki i kahi oncilla ke huikau me kahi pōpoki kūloko pono: ʻo ia ka mea waena, lokomaikaʻi, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. Akā maoli nō ʻonika He predatorable predator i hele kīnā ʻole i luna o ka mea pio a alakaʻi i kahi nohona malū loa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Oncilla
ʻO Oncilla kahi lālā ʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana feline. He pōpoki dexterous kēia pōpoki waena i kona wahi noho. ʻOiai nui ka nui o nā pōpoki feral, he holoholona liʻiliʻi ka oncilla, akā ʻo kona nui ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka kaulahao meaʻai. Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka oncilla, i ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i kā lākou wahi noho.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻekolu, ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka hope i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻelua:
- leopadius tigrinus tigrinus;
- leopardus tigrinus guttulus;
- leopadius tigrinus pardinoides.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kēia mau laha i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ke kumu, ʻoiai he mea nui ʻole nā ʻokoʻa, no laila, e nīnau pinepine ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka oncilla. Ua kupu mai nā pōpoki ahiu mai nā miacid - nā mea ola e like me nā martens nunui i noho i ka Paleocene. I ka Oligocene, ua lilo kēia mau holoholona i mau mea konohiki karnivora, noho i ka piko o ka kaulahao meaʻai.
Video: Oncilla
ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻohana nui o felines:
- nā pōpoki nui e like me ke Tiga, liona, cheetah, leopadi;
- nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi - manul, pōpoki nahele, oncilla a me nā ʻano kūloko;
- nā pōpoki niho kīlehu, kahi i pau i ka hopena o ka Pleistocene.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o oncilla i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi he kūlana ia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, akā i ka manawa like i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka subfamily o nā pōpoki nui. ʻO ka pili kokoke loa o ka oncilla i kēia manawa ʻo ka leopadi (a i ʻole panther). Kūpono ka like, no ka mea like ka oncilla me ka leopadi i ke kala, a no laila, ke ʻano o ke ola, ka mea ma muli o nā camouflage mau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o Oncilla
ʻO ke kūkulu a me ke kala o ka oncilla e like me kahi jaguar liʻiliʻi - loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo "jaguar liʻiliʻi". ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma mua o ka ocelot a me ka pōpoki huelo lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā pōpoki home. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne - hiki iki i ʻekolu kg., A ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana i ka huelo ma kahi o 65 cm. Pōkole ka huelo, 30-40 cm wale nō.
ʻO nā maka a me nā pepeiao o nā oncillas nui loa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka leopadi genus. Ke nānā ʻia nei nā maka e nā keʻokeʻo a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Lahilahi nā pepeiao a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻalahi i nā capillaries o ka pōpoki ma o lākou. Nui a poni ka ihu. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka ʻumiʻumi a he ʻano pani kona. Liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka oncilla, ʻoiai ma ka lakio kaulike, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻohana pili loa.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻokahi o nā oncillas ʻelima he melanistic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻeleʻele kona kala. ʻO kēia nā kiko e uhi i ka hapa nui o ke kino o ka holoholona.
Pōkole a palupalu kona hulu, nona ka hulu ʻokoʻa a pau loa. ʻOcher ke kala, me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, umauma a me nā wāwae o loko. Aia kekahi māka keʻokeʻo ma ka maka. Aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona i ke kino holoʻokoʻa - he apo kaulike ʻole i pena ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kiko i nā lālani lonikū a lilo i mau kiko liʻiliʻi ma ka hopena o ka huelo.
Uhi uhi ʻia ka hiʻu me nā kiko apo ʻeleʻele. Ma waho o nā pepeiao, aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo e like me nā mea i loaʻa i nā tigika tropical. Liʻiliʻi nā wāwae o Oncilla, me nā māiʻuʻu liʻiliʻi a ʻoi. Pōkole hoʻi nā wāwae, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hope ma mua o ka mua. Liʻiliʻi loa ke poʻo i ke kua nui o ka pōpoki. ʻAe kēia ʻano iā ia i ke kaulike maikaʻi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka oncilla?
Kiʻi: Oncilla i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO Oncillae nā pōpoki subtropical e noho ana i nā aniau wela, wela. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou ma Costa Rica, ma ka ʻākau o Panama, ma ka hema hikina o Brazil, a me ka ʻĀkau ʻo ʻAtenaina. I ka manawa like, pale ka pōpoki i ka hele ʻana i nā wahi tropical: ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka oncilla ma kahi kokoke i ke kahawai ʻo Amazon, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna mau wahi i hoʻopili me kēia wahi. Ua like ka wahi me ka mosaic, a ma kekahi mau wahi, ua liʻiliʻi loa.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, ola oncilla i nā wahi aʻe:
- leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - Venezuela, Guyana, ʻākau hikina o Brazil;
- leopardus tigrinus guttulus - waena a me hema o Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, ʻākau o ʻAtenitina;
- leopardus tigrinus pardinoides - komohana Venezuela, Colombia, ʻEkuatoa.
Piʻi maikaʻi ʻo Oncilla i nā kumulāʻau a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa - hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3200 ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻOiai ke ala nui o ke ola o kēia mau pōpoki terrestrial. Makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā savannas, e noho nei i nā lāʻau ʻoʻoi. Noho ka hapa nui o nā oncillas i nā aniau subtropical. Aia kekahi ʻike e ulu holomua ana ka heluna oncilla i nā ululāʻau deciduous, no laila, kokoke kēia wahi i ka nohona kūpono.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe ma hea kahi e noho ai ʻo Oncilla. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia pōpoki.
He aha ka ʻai a oncilla?
Kiʻi: Cat Oncilla
ʻAʻohe kikoʻī kikoʻī e pili ana i ka mea e ʻai pono ai ka oncilla. Alakaʻi ka holoholona i kahi nohona malū a makaʻala i ka poʻe, no laila, paʻakikī ka nānā ʻana iā ia i ka nahelehele.
Alualu paha ʻo ia i nā holoholona aʻe:
- manu;
- kiwi;
- nā moʻo a me nā moʻo liʻiliʻi;
- nā moʻo liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana macaque;
- mammal liʻiliʻi.
Aia kekahi hōʻike e makaʻala loa ka oncilla i kā lākou papaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai manu me nā hulu, akā ʻohi mua pono i nā hulu mai kahi manu i pepehi ʻia, a laila ʻai wale ia. Hōʻike paha kēia i ka ʻōnaehana digestive maʻalahi o ka oncillus, ʻo ia ke kumu i ulu ai ka instinc e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mea pio mai nā mea haole.
ʻO Oncilla he poʻe hahai holoholona maikaʻi loa. Alualu malū lākou, e like me ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana manu, mai nānā pono i ka alualu ʻana. Ma muli o ko lākou kala camouflage, ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou i waena o nā lau a me nā laʻalāʻau. Eia kekahi, neʻe maʻalahi ka pōpoki ma nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau - ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hele wāwae ma nā lālā lahilahi.
ʻIke hoihoi: I loko o ka wā pōloli, hiki i kēia mau pōpoki ke ʻai i nā mea kolo nui a me nā ʻūlū, e noho nui ana i nā ulu lāʻau subtropical.
Aia ʻo Oncilla ma ke poʻo o ke kaulahao meaʻai i ka nui a me ka laulā. Ke hoʻouka nei i ka mea pio, lele ʻo ia i kahi lele lōʻihi, e hoʻāʻo nei e nahu ma ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke kua o ke poʻo o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, a make koke iā ia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Oncilla
ʻO nā Oncillas nā pōpoki mehameha e like me nā tigers, nā leopadi a me nā jaguars. Makemake lākou e alakaʻi i kahi nohona malū, hūnā i nā mānoanoa mānoanoa i nā hola o ke ao a i ʻole ke kau nei i nā lālā lāʻau. I ka pō, hele aku nā pōpoki i ka hopu holoholona.
ʻO Oncilla nā pōpoki teritore. Loaʻa ka palena palena o nā wahine a me nā kāne e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻimi. I ka wā hānau wale nō hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻeha i kēia mau palena, a me ke koena o ka manawa, oncilla kaha kaha i ko lākou ʻāina.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hōʻike kēia mau pōpoki i ka huhū i kekahi i kekahi. Kūleʻa nui nā kāne i nā wahine: hiki iā lākou ke nahu iā lākou a hōʻeha loa iā lākou. No laila, hoʻāʻo nā oncillas ʻaʻole e komo i ka ʻāina haole.
ʻOiai he pō nui nā oncillas, ikaika loa lākou. Mahalo i ka huhū, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona ʻelua i ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou i ka nui, a lele kolohe hoʻi i nā mea ʻino weliweli. ʻOi aku ka hakakā o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, no laila ʻeha pinepine lākou i kā lākou hana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Makemake nā Oncillas e ʻauʻau, kahi e like ai me nā tigika a me nā jaguars.
I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻeleu oncilla i ka lā. ʻO ka hapanui he mau wahine lactating kēia e ʻimi mau nei i nā mea pio. I ka wā ua hoʻi, hana nui kēia mau pōpoki, ʻoiai paʻakikī ke ʻike i ke kumu kikoʻī. Maliʻa paha he kūleʻa loa kēia wā no ka ʻimi holoholona, no ka mea hū ka ua i ka ʻala a me ka walaʻau, i hiki ai i kēia mea ʻino ke ʻoi aku ka make.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: keiki a Oncilla
Noho nui ʻo Oncillas i ka manawa me kahi hoa i hiki i ka wā hānau. ʻIke nā kāne a me nā wahine i kekahi i kekahi e ka honi a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻano kamaʻāina. Moe like lākou i ka nui, hamo i ko lākou alo i kekahi i kekahi a ʻano ʻoluʻolu loa.
Ua oʻo kolohe nā wahine i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau makahiki, a hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻohua i nā keiki ma mua o ka makahiki a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Lōʻihi ka manawa o ka estrus i 3-9 mau lā, i mālama ʻia ai nā pāʻani moena.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻAʻole nui ka ʻike e pili ana i nā pāʻani moʻo o oncillas i ka nāhelehele, akā ma ka home makemake kēia mau pōpoki i nā keiki i nā manawa āpau me hoʻokahi hoa.
ʻO nā hoa kāne ʻo Oncilla i ka mahina ʻo Malaki, a ʻo ka hāpai hāpai he 75 mau lā. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, haʻalele ka kāne i ka wahine a hoʻi i ke ola maʻamau. I ke kau, lawe mai ka wahine i hoʻokahi keiki, akā i kekahi manawa ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.
ʻAʻohe mea kōkua nā keiki hānau hou a ʻemi iki i ka 100 gram. Wehe lākou i ko lākou mau maka i hoʻokahi pule ma ka ʻoi loa, akā i kekahi manawa hiki i ka makapō ke kū i 18 mau lā. Mālama ka wahine iā lākou i kahi mehameha: i loko o kahi ululāʻau nui, nā mānoanoa, kahi lua i haʻalele ʻia e kekahi. Ma laila, noho nā keiki a hiki i ka hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka ʻiʻo - ma kahi o 5-7 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Ulu wikiwiki nā niho, maoli i loko o nā hola o 21 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. He wā lohi kēia, akā uku ʻia ia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā niho i nā keiki i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Wale i 4 mau mahina keiki i lilo kūʻokoʻa i ko lākou makuahine, a hiki i ka nui makua ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o oncilla
Kiʻi: Cat Oncilla
He ʻaihue paʻakikī ʻo Oncilla, ʻoiai kona liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe nāna e alakaʻi i kahi huli no kēia pōpoki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau holoholona ke hoʻoweliweli i ka oncilla.
Hiki i kekahi ʻano nui o nā mōʻī ke hoʻouka iā oncilla i ka pale ʻana iā ia iho. ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo Monkeys i ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki i kēia pōpoki, no laila, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha iā ia a make paha. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i ka oncilla ke hoʻouka i nā primates nui, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ke hoʻouka nei lākou i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou.
Hiki i nā manu lele nui ke lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli i ka oncilla. Inā piʻi kiʻekiʻe ka pōpoki i loko o nā kumulāʻau, e maʻalahi ka manu o ka manu lele e lālau iā ia mai ka lālā. Liʻiliʻi iki ʻo Oncilla, no laila hiki i kahi harpy a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā aeto ke lawe maʻalahi iā ia i kā lākou mau wāwae. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā keiki keiki.
Hiki i nā Pythons a me nā boas ke hoʻoweliweli i nā oncillas, ʻoiai he lohi loa. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ka pōpoki i ka mea camouflaging boa constrictor e ka honi a hopu i nā kani iki, no laila ʻaʻole e hopu ʻia nā mākua e kēia mea ʻaihue. Akā hiki i kahi constrictor boa ke kīkē i ka ulu ʻana o nā oncillas a i ʻole ka luku ʻana i kahi pūnana me nā keiki keiki makapō. Pēlā nō, hiki i nā moʻo liʻiliʻi ke hānai i nā keiki hānau hou ʻoiai e ʻimi holoholona nei ko lākou makuahine.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o Oncilla
Ua emi nui ʻo Oncilla i ka heluna kanaka i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Nui nā kumu no kēia, e pili nui ana i nā kumu anthropogenic. Lilo i ka nohona ma muli o ka mahiʻai mahiʻai. Hoʻopili pū kēia i ka nāhelehele no nā māla kope, kahi e lawe ʻia nei i nā wahi āpau. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Oncillas e ʻimi i kahi palekana no lākou iho, ʻo ia ke kumu e make pinepine ai lākou i ka pōloli a i ʻole e nalo i kā lākou wā hānau.
I kekahi mau wahi, ua luku ʻia nā oncillas i kuhi ʻia. ʻO kēia ke kumu o kekahi manawa i kekahi manawa ka overcaps kahi noho o ka oncilla me nā wahi kanaka, kahi e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hoʻouka i nā moa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hōʻino kēia i ka mahiʻai a hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i nā ʻōiwi.
Ma mua, ua luku ʻia nā oncillas no ko lākou huluhulu palupalu. Kūʻai ʻia nā ʻili he kumu kūʻai nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou waiwai kūpono - ʻaʻole lākou mehana, a he nui nā ʻili e humuhumu i kahi ʻāpana lole.
Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Oncilla e like me nā holoholona. He ala weliweli loa kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi holoholona, no ka mea paʻakikī ke kiki i ka oncilla - he pōpoki hihiu loa a ikaika loa hoʻi. ʻO nā pēpē wale nō i hānau ʻia i loko o ka pio e hiki ke hele a palaka.
Eia nō naʻe, mālama mau ʻia kēia mau pōpoki i loko o kekahi mau pahu pipi, ʻoiai i ka lawe pio ʻana hōʻole lākou i ka hoʻohua, a ʻike pū i ke koʻikoʻi nui mai ka noho kokoke ʻana i ka poʻe.
Pale Oncilla
Kiʻi: Oncilla mai ka Red Book
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Oncilla i loko o ka Red Book ma lalo o ke kūlana o kahi ʻano palupalu. Ua aneane hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka heluna kanaka, ākea ka oncilla, ʻoiai he kakaikahi loa. He lawaiʻa maoli ʻo Poaching no ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau pōpoki, ʻoiai mai ka manawa mai 1970 a 1980 ua luku ʻia he ʻumi mau tausani oncillas. A i ka makahiki 1983, ma kahi o 84 tausani mau ʻili i hopu ʻia mai nā poʻe mākaʻi holoholona.
I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 50 mau tausani oncillas, nā mākua. Kūleʻa ʻole ke kiʻi a hoʻonui i kekahi manawa a hoʻemi i kekahi manawa ma muli o ka nāhelehele. Ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā oncillas, akā i nā wahi he nui kahi e ola ai, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ke kūlana o kahi holoholona mālama.
ʻO ia, ʻaʻole kiaʻi ʻia ma nā wahi aʻe:
- Ekuakola;
- Guiana;
- Panama;
- Nikalakua;
- Pelū.
I loko o ka International Convention on the Trade in Wild Animals and Plants, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo oncilla i ka hoʻohui hoʻohui i ka makahiki 1989. ʻAʻole hana ʻia kahi hana kikoʻī e kākoʻo a hoʻihoʻi hou paha i ka lehulehu ma muli o ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka nohona o kēia pōpoki. ʻIke hilinaʻi ʻia ua pau ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia.
Onika He holoholona nani a make loa ia. ʻOiai kona helehelena nani, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia kēia pōpoki i ke ola ma ka home ma muli o kona kūpikipiki maoli a hoʻonui i ka hana nocturnal. Lana ka manaʻo e hoʻihoʻi piha ʻia ka heluna oncilla hihiu.
Ka lā paʻi: 07.10.2019
Lā hou: 08/29/2019 ma 19:11
