ʻŪhini ʻūhini - he pepeke ulu lāʻau ia mai ka suborder Orthoptera, ʻoka Orthoptera. E hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā kekeke a i ʻole nā katidids, ua kapa ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he mau ʻūhau kihi pōkole. ʻO nā ʻano loli e hoʻololi i ke kala a me ka lawena ma nā paona lehulehu e kapa ʻia nā ʻūhini. Aia ma kahi o 11,000 mau ʻano nāhelehe i ʻike ʻia i loaʻa i ka honua, e noho pinepine nei i nā māla mauʻu, nā kula a me nā ululāʻau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻūhini
Ua iho mai nā ʻūhini o kēia au mai nā kūpuna kahiko i noho lōʻihi ma mua o ka holoholo ʻana o nā dinosaur i ka Honua. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili fossil i ka ʻike mua ʻia o nā ʻūhini i ka wā Carboniferous, ma kahi o 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻūhini ma ke ʻano he mau mōʻalihaku, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻūhini ʻūhini (ka lua o ka pae i ke ola o ka ʻūhini ma hope o ka pae hua mua) i kekahi manawa loaʻa i ka amber. Mahele ka mauʻu ʻūhū e like me ka lōʻihi o kā lākou antennae (tentacles), i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau kiwi.
Wikiō: ʻūhini
Aia nā pūʻulu nui ʻelua o nā ʻūhini:
- ʻūhini me nā pepeiaohao lōʻihi;
- ʻūhini me nā pepeiaohao pōkole.
ʻO ka ʻūhū pōkole pōkole (ʻohana Acrididae, ma mua ʻo Locustidae) e komo pū me nā mea ʻino ʻole ʻole, neʻe ʻole a me nā mea luku pinepine, hoʻowalewale, a neʻe i ʻike ʻia he ʻūhini. ʻO ka ʻūhū lōʻihi lōʻihi (ʻohana Tettigoniidae) ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e catidid, ʻūhini mauʻu, ʻūhini poʻo poʻo a me nā ʻūhini ma nā pale.
Kāhea ʻia kekahi mau Orthoptera i kekahi manawa i nā ʻūhini. ʻO ka ʻūhū pygmy (ʻohana Tetrigidae) i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻo ka ʻāpana, a i ʻole ka ʻūhini pygmy. ʻO nā ʻūhini laufy (ʻohana Gryllacrididae) he mau ʻēheu ʻole a nele i nā mea hoʻolohe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻūhini
ʻO ka mauʻu mauʻu i waena o nā mea kolo nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he 1 a 7 mau kenimika, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻano. E like me ko lākou mau hoahānau, cathidids a me nā crickets, he mau nau nā waha o nā ʻūhini, ʻelua mau ʻeheu, hoʻokahi hāiki a ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻo kekahi ākea ākea a maʻalahi hoʻi, a me nā wāwae hope lōʻihi no ka lele. ʻOkoʻa lākou i kēia mau pūʻulu no ka mea he pōkole nā antennae e ʻaʻole i hoʻi lōʻihi i kā lākou mau kino.
Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ʻāpana femoral o nā lālā o luna o ka ʻūhulu a nui nā mākala e hoʻopili pono i nā wāwae no ka lele. Hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻopuka i kahi kani kani, ma ka ʻānai ʻana i nā ʻeheu mua (Tettigoniidae) a i ʻole me ka ʻānai ʻana i nā wānana niho ma nā ʻūhā hope e kūʻē i ka aa i hāpai ʻia ma kēlā ʻēheu o mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (Acrididae).
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka ʻūhini kahi pepeke kupaianaha i hiki ke lele i 20 mau manawa i kona lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole "lele" ka ʻūhini. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae ma ke ʻano he catapult. Hiki i ka mauʻu mauʻu ke lele a lele, hiki iā lākou ke holo i ka wikiwiki he 13 km / h i ka lele.
He mau maka nunui ko ka mauʻu mauʻu a kala kūpono ʻia e kāwili ʻia me ko lākou mau kaiāulu, ʻo ka maʻa mau o ka brown, hina, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā kāne he waihoʻoluʻu ʻōniʻoniʻo ma ko lākou mau ʻeheu, a lākou e hoʻohana ai e hoʻokipa i nā wahine Hānai nā ʻano laha i nā mea kanu ʻawahia a mālama i nā toxins i loko o ko lākou mau kino no ka pale. ʻĀlohilohi lākou e aʻoaʻo aku i nā mea ʻino e ʻono maikaʻi ʻole lākou.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻūhini wahine ma mua o nā kāne a loaʻa nā kiko ʻoi i ka hope o ko lākou ʻōpū e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua i lalo o ka honua. Hoʻopili ka manaʻo o kahi ʻūhini i nā ʻāpana i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kona kino, e like me nā antennae a me nā palp ma ke poʻo, cerci ma ka ʻōpū, a me nā mea loaʻa ma nā ʻūhā. Aia nā lālā o ka ʻono i ka waha, a aia nā ʻala o ka honi ma nā antennae. Lohe ka ʻūhū ma o ka lua tympanic ma ke kumu o ka ʻōpū (Acrididae) a i ʻole ma ke kumu o kēlā me kēia tibia mua (Tettigoniidae). Lawe ʻia kāna hihi i nā maka paʻakikī, ʻoiai ka loli i ka ikaika e ʻike ʻia e nā maka maʻalahi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻūhini?
Kiʻi: ʻōmaʻomaʻo Green
ʻO ka hapa nui o Orthopterans, me nā ʻūhū, noho i nā tropical, a aia ma kahi o 18,000 mau ʻano. Ma kahi o 700 o kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻia ma ʻEulopa - ka hapa nui ma ka hema - a he 30 mau ʻano wale nō e noho nei ma UK. He ʻumikūmākahi mauʻano o ka ʻūhū ma Britain, a hiki i nā mea āpau ke lele. ʻIke ʻia kā lākou makemake no ka wā mahana mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia ma kahi o 6 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia a hiki i Skotlandia.
ʻIke ʻia ka mauʻu mauʻu i nā wahi noho like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā waoakua haʻahaʻa, nā wahi maloʻo a me nā wahi mauʻu. ʻO nā ʻano ʻūhini ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano noho like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻūhū peʻa nui (Stethophyma grossum), no ka laʻana, aia wale nō i nā peatlands. ʻO ka ʻūhini nāhelehele, akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka fussy a makemake i nā wahi hānai ʻaʻole maloʻo loa; ʻo ia ka ʻūhini nui loa.
Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau ʻūhini i nā wahi noho loea. ʻO ka mauʻu mauʻu ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika Hema i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma nā lau lana, e ʻauʻau a hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua ma nā mea kanu wai. Nui ka mauʻu o ka mauʻu mauʻu, ma luna o 11 cm ka lōʻihi (e laʻa me ka tropidacris o ʻAmelika Hema).
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻūhini. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻūhini?
Kiʻi: ʻūhini ma Lūkia
ʻO nā ʻūhū āpau nā mea ulu lāʻau, e hānai nui nei i ka mauʻu. Ma luna o 100 mau ʻano ʻūhū i ʻike ʻia ma Colorado a ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻano ʻai. Hānai nui kekahi i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka sedge, ʻoiai makemake kekahi i nā mea kanu broadleaf. Hoʻopili ka mau ʻūhū ʻē aʻe i kā lākou hānai ʻana i nā mea kanu o nā waiwai waiwai liʻiliʻi, a ʻo kekahi e hānai nui ana i nā ʻano mauʻu. Eia nō naʻe, hānai koke nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā mea kanu kīhāpai a me nā mea kanu ʻāina.
Ma waena o nā mea kanu mea kanu, makemake ʻia kekahi mau mea kanu, e like me:
- saladi;
- kāloti;
- piʻa;
- kulina ono;
- ʻakaʻakai.
ʻAno hānai ʻole ka mauʻu mauʻu i nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā laʻalāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino. Hoʻohui, hiki i nā ʻūhini ke hōʻino pōʻino i nā kanu o ke kāʻei ke hilinaʻi lākou ma nā lālā a ʻuwī i ka ʻili, i kekahi manawa e make ana nā lālā liʻiliʻi.
Ma kahi o 600 mau ʻano ʻūhū i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma kahi o 30 ka nui o ka pōʻino i nā mea kanu ʻāina a manaʻo ʻia he pests māla. ʻO kahi hui nui o nā ʻūhini, no ka suborder Caelifera, he mau mea ulu lāʻau, ʻai lākou i nā mea kolo i hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. I ka helu nui, pilikia nui nā ʻūhini i nā mahiʻai a me ka ukiuki nui no nā māla home.
ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻūhini ke hānai i nā mea kanu like ʻole, makemake nui lākou i nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā kulina, nā alfalfa, nā soybeans, ka pulupulu, ka laiki, nā ʻōpala, nā mauʻu, a me nā paka. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka letus, nā kāloti, nā pīni, nā kulina ʻono, a me nā aniani. ʻAi liʻiliʻi ka ʻai ʻana o ka mauʻu mauʻu i nā mea kanu e like me ka paukena, ka pī, a me nā lau kōmato. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻūhū i loaʻa, ʻo ka nui paha ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kanu ma waho o kā lākou hui makemake.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻūhini nui
Hoʻoikaika nui nā mauʻu mauʻu i ke ao, akā hānai i ka pō. ʻAʻohe o lākou pūnana a ʻāina ʻē paha, a hele kekahi mau ʻano i ka neʻe lōʻihi e loaʻa nā lako meaʻai hou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha e noho kaʻawale a hui pū wale nō no ka male ʻana, akā ʻākoakoa nā mea neʻe i kekahi manawa i nā hui lehulehu he miliona a i ʻole he mau piliona.
Mea hoihoi: Ke ʻohi ʻia ka ʻūhini, "kuha" i kahi wai ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia ʻo "wai paka." Manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema hiki i kēia wai ke pale aku i nā ʻūhini mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai e nā ʻeneka e like me nā naonao a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe - "kuha" lākou i ka wai ma luna o lākou, a laila lele a lele koke.
Hoʻāʻo pū ka mauu e pakele mai ko lākou mau ʻenemi e peʻe ana i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ma waena o nā lau. Inā ua hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hopu i nā ʻūhini i ke kula, ʻike ʻoe i ka wikiwiki e nalowale ke hāʻule lākou i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAno ʻūhini ka ʻūhini. He pailaka nui a ikaika lākou. I kekahi manawa pahū ko lākou heluna kanaka, a hele lākou i loko o nā hui nui e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, a hōʻino nui i nā mea kanu a nā kānaka i ulu ai na lākou. Ma ka Hikina Waena, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻūhini e komo i ʻEulopa, ua loaʻa ka ʻūhini neʻe (Locusta migratoria) ma ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o lākou e ʻākoakoa ana ma laila.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻūlū ma ke kūlohelohe
ʻOkoʻa ke ola o ka ʻūhū i nā ʻano loli. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i ka wā e pahu aku ai ka wahine i kāna ovipositor i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ke one. Hoʻomoe nā ʻūhini āpau i kā lākou mau hua i ka lepo i loko o nā ʻākeʻakeʻa paʻa. ʻO nā lepo maloʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia e ka mahi ʻana a i ʻole ka wai.
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua i nā wahi kikoʻī me ke ʻano o ka lepo maikaʻi, ka pali a me ka orientation. Uhi ka ʻūhū wahine i nā hua me kahi hua frothy e paʻakikī koke ai i kahi pale pale a pale iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka pae huamoa ka wā hoʻoilo no ka hapanui, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā ʻūhini āpau. Hoʻopili ka hua i ka lepo a hoʻomaka i ka hā i ka puna. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻūhini ʻōpio e lele ana i Mei a me Iune. Hānau ʻia hoʻokahi hanauna o nā ʻūhini i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki.
I ka hatching ʻana, puka mai nā ʻūlū pae liʻiliʻi i luna a ʻimi i nā lau palupalu e hānai ai. He mea koʻikoʻi nā lā mua i ke ola. ʻO ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ka nele o ka meaʻai kūpono hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make make kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻūhū ola i nā pule he nui e hiki mai ana, e maʻa mau i ka pae ʻelima a ʻeono paha ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke ʻano makua.
Hiki i nā ʻūhulu makua ke noho no nā mahina, ke kūlike i waena o ka moena a me ka hoʻomoe ʻana hua. ʻO nā mea kikoʻī ma ka pae hua manu i ka hoʻoilo e make i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ke kau mua. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka ʻūhini ʻēheu e ʻike nui ʻia, lilo ka hoʻoilo ma ke ʻano he ʻelala, noho paʻa i nā wā mahana, a hiki ke ulu a lilo i ʻano makua i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻūhini
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻūhini
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā ʻūhini nā ʻano lele like ʻole i hoʻomoe i nā hua i loko a kokoke paha i nā hua ʻūhini. Ma hope o ka hua ʻana o nā hua lele, ʻai nā lele nā keiki hānau hou i nā hua moa. Lele pū kekahi mau lele i mau hua manu ma ke kino o ka ʻūhini, ʻoiai ke lele ka ʻūhini. Lele ke keiki hānau hou a ʻai i ka ʻūhini.
ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o nā ʻūhini nā:
- nalo;
- manu;
- ʻiole;
- nahesa;
- punawelewele.
ʻAi maʻamau kekahi mau nāhelehele i nā ʻūhini. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā beet blister ma nā hua o nā hua ʻūhini a me nā pōʻai lehulehu o nā beetles blister me kā lākou mau ʻāhini. ʻO nā lele no nā pōpoki mākua nā mea ʻino nāhelehele i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ʻo nā lele ʻē aʻe e ulu ana ma ke ʻano he ʻūhini ʻūhū o loko. ʻAi pū nā manu he nui, keu hoʻi i ka ʻāwi pepeiaohao, i nā ʻūhini. ʻAi ʻia ka mauʻu mauʻu e nā coyotes.
Kūleʻa ka mauʻu mauʻu i kekahi mau ʻano maʻi maʻamau. Hoʻopili ka fungus Entomophthora grylli i nā ʻūhini ma o ka neʻe ʻana i luna a pili i nā mea kanu ma mua koke o ka luku ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻenemi hoʻokipa. ʻIke, nā ʻūhini make i pili i ka puʻu mauʻu a i ʻole nā lālā e hōʻike i ka maʻi me ka maʻi. Hoʻokumu kekahi mauʻu mauʻu i kekahi manawa i kahi nematode nui loa (Mermis nigriscens). Pono nā maʻi fungal ʻelua a me ka nematode parasite i ka wā pulu.
Mea hoihoi: Pau nā kānaka i nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhini i nā kenekulia. Wahi a ka Baibala, ʻai ʻo John Bapetite i nā ʻūhini a me ka meli i ka wao nahele. ʻO nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhini ka meaʻai maʻa mau i nā papaʻai kūloko ma nā wahi he nui o ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika, a no ka mea nui lākou i ka protein, he mea nui pū kekahi mea ʻai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻūhini
Ma luna o 20,000 mau ʻano ʻūhū i ʻike ʻia a puni ka honua, a ma kahi o 1,000 e noho nei i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole hopohopo ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻūhulu i ka hōʻemi ʻana a lilo i nalowale. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻūhū nā mea ulu lāʻau maʻamau, e ʻai ana i nā mea kanu like ʻole, akā ʻai wale kekahi mau ʻano i ka mauʻu. ʻO kekahi laha, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi boom heluna kanaka a hana i nā piliona kālā i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea kanu meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi ʻūhini hoʻokahi ke hana ʻino loa, ʻoiai ʻo ia e ʻai ana ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā, akā i ka huhū ʻana o ka ʻūhini, hiki i kā lākou mau ʻano mea ʻai ke hoʻohui pono i ka ʻāina, me ka waiho ʻana i nā mahiʻai me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu a me nā poʻe me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, hoʻokumu nā ʻūhini ma kahi o $ 1.5 biliona i loko o ka pā hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hiki i ka mauʻu mauʻu nā maka i ʻike maka a weliweli loa i nā pā a me nā māla. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā mea kolo paʻakikī e kaohi no ka mea he mea lawe lima loa. No nā kumu he nui, lele ākea ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻūhulu mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki a hiki ke hōʻeha i nā wā kūpikipiki wā. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pilikia ma ke kauwela mua a hiki i ka hopena a hiki i nā hau hauʻeha.
ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻūhini ke hoʻopōʻino nui i nā mea kanu, me ka ʻole o kēia mau mea kolo, he wahi ʻokoʻa loa ke kaiaolaola. He mea nui lākou i ke kaiapuni, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i wahi ʻoi aku ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai he loli i ke ʻano o ka ʻūhini hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ala e pono ai ke kaiapuni, e hōʻike ana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana o kā mākou kaiaolaola i ka lele ʻana o nā mea kolo.
ʻŪhini ʻūhini He pepelima hoihoi ia ʻaʻole wale e pohō wale akā pono pū kekahi i ka poʻe a me ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa ma o ka paipai ʻana i ka decomposition a me ka ulu hou ʻana o nā mea kanu, e hana ana i ke kaulike ma waena o nā ʻano mea kanu e ulu pono ana. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, ʻai ka ʻūhini i ka meaʻai lawa e hoʻohuli i nā ʻano mea kanu e ulu ana ma hope.
Lā paʻi: 08/13/2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 23:43
