Pōkō hina He manu nani a pohihihi hoʻi ia. Ua aloha nui ʻia kēia mau manu e nā poʻe mai ka wā kahiko loa. ʻO ka hōʻoia o kēia nā kiʻi pena pōhaku i waiho ʻia e ka Pithecanthropus 50-60 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia nā kaha kiʻi e nā ʻepekema ma nā ʻāina āpau. I ʻAigupita kahiko, ua kapa ʻia nā manu ʻāhinahina "sunbirds" a ua mōhai ʻia i nā akua i nā manawa kūikawā. I kēia lā, kakaikahi ka poʻe e hoʻomana iā lākou, akā ma Iapana kēia mau manu i ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Grey Crane
ʻO ka crane hina (Grus grus) no ka ʻohana Cranes. He manu kupaianaha loa kēia ma mua o kahi mika kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ʻēheu o ʻelua mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i nā kāne ke kaupaona i 6 kg a me nā wahine a i 5 kg. ʻAʻohe dimorphism moekolohe i nā manu koe wale no ke kaupaona a me ka nui. ʻAneʻane hulu a hulu ʻulaʻula paha nā hulu āpau o ka manuʻū maʻamau, e ʻae iā ia e camouflage pono iā ia iho mai nā mea ʻaihue i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā wahi pohopoho.
Video: ʻO Grey Crane
ʻOi aku ka pouli o ke kua a me ka huelo o ka manuahi ma mua o ke kala o ka plumage nui, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻeheu, i nā ʻeheu ke kala o ka plumage nui me nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi ma ke ʻano o ka palena. Eia kekahi i ka ʻeleʻele, kahi liʻiliʻi iki i ka hina ʻeleʻele, pena ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo o ka manu. Hinahina ka hope. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo he ʻelua mau kaha keʻokeʻo ākea e hoʻomaka ma lalo o nā maka a hoʻopau i ka lalo o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻAʻohe o ka hulu i ka ʻaoʻao parietal o ke poʻo o ka manuʻū, a he ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula kā ka ʻili ʻōhule, he ʻano like me ka pāpale ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. Māmā ka nuku o ka manu, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpio o ka manu ʻā maʻamau mai nā mākua i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ke alo o nā ʻulaʻula ma ke poʻo a me ka hulu o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kahi inoa hale kaulana, geranium, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka manu ʻāhinahina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻāhinahina
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻO ka hina o ka plumage i nā manu makua he hina nui ia, he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo wale nō kekahi mau wahi. Lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī o nā manuʻū, lahilahi, ʻōlelo paha kekahi - lokomaikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻāpana parietal o ke poʻo i nā manu he ʻōhule, ʻaʻole ia he hiʻohiʻona o ka lāhui, ʻoiai he "pāpale" kekahi i loko o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu. Liʻiliʻi nā maka o nā manuʻioʻe, noho ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, me kahi iris ʻulaʻula.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka manuahi maʻamau:
- ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo aia ʻelua mau kaha keʻokeʻo i ʻike maopopo ʻia e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao a i ke kua o ke poʻo a ma lalo;
- kiʻekiʻe - a i 115 knm;
- ʻēheu - a i 200 cm;
- ke kaupaona kāne - 6 kg, kaupaona wahine - 5 kg;
- ka lōʻihi nuku - a i 30 cm;
- i nā ʻōpio, hina ka hulu, akā me nā wēlau ʻulaʻula;
- ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o nā ʻāpā i ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha;
- nā plumage o ke kala hina, e kōkua ai i ke camouflage ma waena o nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā ulu lāʻau;
- ke ola - a i 40 mau makahiki;
- hiki mai ka ʻōpio i ka makahiki 3-6 makahiki;
- ka lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā - a i 800 km;
- i loko o ka wā hoʻoheheʻe (kauwela), ke ʻano o ka nalo ʻana o nā hulu lele a pau, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke lele no kekahi manawa a neʻe wale ma ka honua.
Mea hoihoi: I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i nā crane hina ke ola mai 20-40 mau makahiki, a i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ola nā manu a 80 mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manu ʻā hina?
Kiʻi: Manu ʻāhinahina manu
ʻO nā wahi pūnana o ka manu ʻā maʻamau aia ma ʻEulopa (ʻākau hikina) a me ʻAsia (ʻākau). ʻO ka hibernate manu ma ʻApelika (ʻākau), Pakistan, Korea, India, Vietnam, ka Iberian Peninsula. ʻO nā makemake manu no ka nohona nā ʻāpana nui o nā kahawai, nā muliwai wai kai a me nā loko. Makemake lākou e noho kokoke i nā ulu lāʻau ʻo Alder. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, kipa pinepine nā crane i nā wahi hānai a me nā ʻāina mahi.
He manu neʻe nā manu ʻio hina. ʻElua mau makahiki i ka makahiki - i ke kau a me ka puna, lele lākou i kahi mamao loa mai nā pūnaewele pūnana i nā wahi hoʻoilo a hoʻi, e koi ana i nā koina ikehu kiʻekiʻe. No kēia kumu, i ka hopena o ke kauwela, nui nā manuʻā (a hiki i kahi mau tausani mau kānaka) e ʻākoakoa i nā wahi palekana a hoʻomaha, e loaʻa ana ka ikaika ma mua o ka lele ʻana. Pēlā nā wahi palekana: nā mokupuni, nā kuha one, nā kahawai hohonu.
I ke kakahiaka, ʻākoakoa nā manu i kahi ʻeke a lele i nā wahi hānai, a i nā ahiahi hoʻi lākou i kahi kāʻei no ka pō. I kēia wā, ʻaʻole hopohopo nā manu e pili ana i ke kū ʻana o ka poʻe ma ke kula a i ʻole ke kū ʻana o nā lakohana like ʻole. I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou e pili kokoke ana, a lohe pū i ko lākou mau leo. I ka hopena o ʻAukake i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau a i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa i nā wahi hema, neʻe nā manuahi i ka hema. Loaʻa i nā ʻeheu ākea, hoʻohana nā manu i kahi hoʻolālā lele e hopu ʻia ai nā ea ea mehana (thermals), e ʻae iā lākou e mālama i ka ikehu a me ka ikaika i hiki.
ʻO ka lele ʻana o nā manu ʻio i ka hema he mea hoihoi ia: hemo koke ka ʻohana, hoʻomaka i ka pōʻai, ke kī ʻana i kahi kurlyk, piʻi kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe aʻe i nā ʻeʻa lewa, kū i ka pā a hiki i kona nalowale loa ʻana i ka lani.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manu ʻā hina. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka manu ʻā hina?
Kiʻi: ʻEleʻele hina i ka lele
ʻO nā manu ʻāhinahina he manu omnivorous, no laila ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou papa kuhikuhi a pili i ke kau.
I ka wā kauwela-kauwela, hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma:
- nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi - nā rana, nā iole, nā moʻo, nāhesa, nā iʻa, nā moa;
- invertebrates - ilo, molluscs, crustacean;
- nā hua o nā kumulāʻau a me nā lāʻau - nā hua, nā hua, nā ʻākala, nā ʻanoʻano;
- nā pua, nā lau, nā pua o nā lau nahele;
- nā mea kolo, a me kā lākou larvae.
I ke kauwela, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana no ka hoʻoilo, hānai nui nā crane i nā māla, kahi e ʻai ai lākou i ka nui o nā hua o nā mahi mahiʻai a me nā kōpuʻu potato i koe ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO kekahi "kīʻaha" punahele o nā manuʻā i loko o kēia wā ʻo nā pua lū hoʻoilo. No laila, kōkua ka papa ʻaina koloni kiʻekiʻe-calorie i nā manu ʻio e loaʻa ka ikaika a me ka ikaika ma mua o ka lele lōʻihi.
Inā he mau māla i kanu ʻia me ka palaoa ma kahi o kahi e noho ai nā manu ʻino, a laila e hoʻāʻo nā manu e hānai ma laila, a ke hoʻoweliweli nei hoʻi i ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ʻAitiopa, ʻo nā hoʻouka kaua manawa pinepine o ka manuahi maʻamau i nā māla hou i kanu hou ʻia he paʻakikī ʻāina ʻole. ʻOi loa inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole nui nā ʻāina kūpono no ka mahiʻai (ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻApelika), a haʻahaʻa ka pae o ka noho ʻana ma kēia ʻāina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Grey crane mai ka Red Book
Makemake nā Cranes e noho a pūnana i nā wahi pohō a i ʻole nā kapakai kahawai o nā loko a me nā kahawai. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, hiki ke loaʻa kahi pūnana o nā manuā ma kahi kokoke i kahi māla palaoa, keu hoʻi inā he kino wai ma kahi kokoke. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka pūnaewele pūnana ka mea e pono ke pale pono ʻia.
Hoʻomaka mua ka wā hoʻomoe - i ka hopena o Malaki. ʻO nā manu manu, ʻaʻole hiki iki a hoʻomaha, hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana. Hiki i nā Cranes ke hoʻi i kā lākou pūnana kahiko inā paʻa mau ia. Mālama pono ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnana. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa mai kekahi i kekahi ma waena o ka radius o 1 km a ʻoi aku. Koho pinepine nā crane hina i nā pūnaewele pūnana ma nā puʻu i uhi ʻia me nā lau nahele nui.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, hoʻomaka nā mākua e hoʻoheheʻe. I loko o kēia wā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke lele, ʻoiai ua pau nā hulu lele. I ka manawa o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, no nā kumu palekana, hoʻāʻo lākou e hele i nā wahi paʻakikī. Hoʻomau ka plumage nui i nā manu ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, a hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōlapa o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio: ua loli hapa kā lākou plumage i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. I ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola, holo lākou i ke ʻano makua.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o nā ʻāhinahina hina ko lākou mau leo. ʻO lākou nā leo kani pū e hiki ai ke lohe ʻia ma loko o kahi radius o 2 km. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau kani (kurlykany), kamaʻilio pū nā manu ʻekahi me kekahi i kekahi, e aʻo aku i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau e pili ana i ka pilikia, kāhea aku i kā lākou hoa i ka wā o ka male
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻOhana o nā Crane Kaulana
ʻO nā manu ʻāhinahina he manu e makemake i nā pilina monogamous. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pālua no ke ola a haki wale ma hope o ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā hoa. Eia nō naʻe, ke ʻimi nei nā manu ʻolua i kāna hoa noho ʻoiai ma nā wahi hoʻoilo. Kūkulu mau ʻia nā pūnana manu ma nā puʻu liʻiliʻi a ulu nui kokoke i nā kino wai. Nā mea kūkulu hale: lumo, peat, lālā maloʻo. ʻO ka pūnana he pola papakū ākea a hiki i kahi mika ke anawaena.
Ma hope o nā pāʻani moena, me nā mele a me nā moena, hoʻomoe ka wahine mai 1 a 3 mau hua i ka pūnana. Hana kēia i ka waena o Mei. ʻO ka manawa incubation mau ʻo 30-35 mau lā. Hoʻokomo nā wahine a me nā kāne i nā hua. ʻOiai lele kekahi makua e ʻai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hulu, noho ka lua i ka pūnana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I loko o ka wā incubation, uhi nā crane i ko lākou hulu i ka lepo a me ka silt no ke kumu o ka camouflage a me ka pale ʻana mai nā mea hōkai.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻo Chicks i kekahi mau lā ʻokoʻa. Hoʻolālā lākou e like me ke ʻano semi-brood. ʻO ke kumu ia o ka maloʻo ʻana o nā moa ʻelua a hiki ke hele wāwae, haʻalele koke lākou i ka pūnana a hāhai i ka poʻe mākua ma nā wahi āpau. ʻIke nā mākua i ka meaʻai a hānai koke iā ia i nā pēpē e ukali ana ma ko lākou kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā manu ʻāhinahina me ka hina mānoanoa o ka hina i lalo, a e loli i nā hulu ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina. Ke loaʻa nā hulu i nā moa, hiki iā lākou ke lele koke a hānai iā lākou iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka manuʻā maʻamau
Kiʻi: Grey Cranes
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā mākua o nā manu ʻā hina, ʻoiai he manu nui, akahele, a lele lele maikaʻi hoʻi. Me kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi loa paha, hoʻomaka nā manuʻō e ʻuwā, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ko lākou mau hoahānau a piʻi i ka lani, kahi a lākou e palekana ai. Inā kokoke kahi predator i ka pūnana, a laila hoʻāʻo kekahi o nā mākua e lawe aku iā ia, a hoʻohālike i ka mea ʻeha.
Eia nō naʻe, makaʻu nui nā paʻa hua a me nā keiki hou. Nā koraka, nā aeto, nā ʻio, nā aeto gula, nā ʻalopeke, nā puaʻa hihiu, nā ʻīlio hae, nā mea hoʻohaunaele, hiki i nā ʻīlio raccoon ke hoʻopau i nā pūnana a ʻimi i nā moa. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o nā manuʻā e nā poʻe, ʻoiai komo pinepine nā manu i nā māla hou i lūlū ʻia, e ʻai ana i nā ʻōpuʻu o nā hua palaoa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena ʻaʻole pilikia kēia - ma kahi kokoke e lawa pono ai nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu.
Ma ʻApelika, me kona ʻano wela wela, nui ka ʻai o ke ola. No laila, hoʻouka pinepine nā crane hina i nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa no ʻAitiopa, ʻoiai lele ka nui o nā manu ʻāhinahina i kēia ʻāina no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai, ke ʻike nei i nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa i kā lākou māla a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pale aku i kā lākou mea kanu, pana wale lākou iā lākou i nā helu he nui, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka pāpā maoli ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻāhinahina
I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka heluna kanaka o ka manuʻoki maʻamau i ka honua ma mua o 250 tausani mau kānaka. Makemake ka hapa nui o ia e pūnana i nā kahua hoʻomoana Scandinavian a me Lūkia.
ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka helu ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā palena o ka nohona kūlohelohe, e pili pū ana me nā hana a ke kanaka (ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kualapa, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pani wai, ka ʻoki lāʻau nui ʻana, ke kī ʻole ʻana i ka mana ʻole).
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hāʻule nui ka nui o nā crane hina i nā makahiki 60-70 o ke kenekulia i hala, a pili ia me ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka honua i lawe ʻia i loko o nā repubalika o ka USSR ma mua e alualu ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāina mahiʻai a me ka makemake o ke alakaʻi o ka ʻāina e hoʻokō i nā mea hiki ʻole i kekahi manawa o ka hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻolālā ʻia.
ʻO ka manuahi maʻamau i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book o Ukraine, ka Red Book o Belarus, a me ka Red Book o ka Saratov Region (Russia), ma lalo o ke kūlana pale "He ʻano liʻiliʻi me kahi paʻa paʻa a me kahi pae palena".
Hiki mau ʻo Crane i ka ʻāina Saratov no ke kumu o ka pūnana a me nā keiki hānau. I loko o kēia wā, kaulana loa nā pūʻulu hipa o kēia mau manu a puni ka ʻāina. ʻO ka helu o nā manu ʻāhinahina hina i hoʻomoe ʻia i nā wahi i pale ʻia e fluctuates i loko o nā makahiki, akā i ka laulā he mea mau ʻole ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e emi.
Ka pale ʻana i nā manuahi maʻamau
Kiʻi: Grey crane mai ka Red Book
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ka heluna kanaka o ka manuʻoki maʻamau ma ka pae honua, ʻoiai ka lohi, ke emi nei. Pili pono kēia pilikia i nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa, ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ʻAsia Waena, kahi e hoʻomaloʻo ai nā pali a me nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a no ka haunaele o ke kaulike kaolaola, a laila e hoʻopili ana i nā palena o nā panalāʻau kūpono no ke ola a me ka pūnana ʻana o kēia mau manu.
I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina e komo pū ana ka wahi noho o ka manu ʻā, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kēia mau manu i pāpā ʻia e ke kānāwai. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o Israel a me ʻAitiopa, hauʻoli nui nā mahiʻai i kēia kūlana o nā hihia, kahi e hoʻouka ʻia ai nā māla e nā crane no ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka International Fund for the Conservation of Cranes e hoʻoholo i kēia pilikia ma ke ʻano e māʻona ai kēlā me kēia. Aia ka manuahi maʻamau i ka papa inoa CITES kūikawā (World Conservation Union) a he kūlana kona o kahi laha, pāpā nui ʻia ka halihali ʻana a kūʻai aku me ka ʻae ʻole kūikawā.
Mālama i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā manuʻahi maʻamau, lawe nā hui kaiapuni āpau āpau i nā manu ma lalo o kā lākou pale, a hoʻopau ʻia "Nā ʻae no ka mālama ʻana i nā moa kai neʻe" i waena o lākou iho, a ua hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia ʻano i ka International Red Book.
I ka wā Helene Kahiko manu ʻā hina ʻo ia ka hoa hele mau o nā akua he nui, e like me Apollo, Hermes, Demeter. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Helene kahiko i kēia mau manu ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka puna a me ka mālam, kahi hōʻailona o ka ʻike a me ka makaʻala. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ka poeta Helene kahiko ʻo Homer i ka holo ʻana o nā manu ʻū, e lele ana i ka hema i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻai ai i nā pygmy pygmy ma laila.
Lā paʻi: 08/12/2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 22:00
