Kingfisher ʻO ia kekahi o nā manu maikaʻi loa i loaʻa ma ʻEulopa. Ma muli o kona kala ʻōlinolino a me ka liʻiliʻi, kāhea ka poʻe i ka kingfisher ka hummingbird ʻEulopa, a ʻaʻole lākou i mamao loa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai he nani a nani hoʻi kēia mau manu ʻelua i ka lewa. Wahi a ka moʻolelo Baibala, ua loaʻa i ka kingfisher kahi kala ʻōniʻoniʻo ma hope o ke kai a Kahinaliʻi. Hoʻokuʻu akula ʻo Noa i ka manu mai loko mai o ka hale lana, a lele kiʻekiʻe loa ia i lawe nā hulu i ke kala o ka lani, a ʻā ka lā i kona umauma a ʻulaʻula.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kingfisher
Ua ʻike ʻia nā Kingfishers mai ka wā kahiko a me kā lākou wehewehe mua ʻana mai ka kenekulia 2 BC. Ma muli o ko lākou unpretentiousness a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, noho nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana kingfisher ma kahi ʻāina nui mai ʻApelika a hiki i Rusia.
ʻO ka ʻohana kingfisher (ka inoa Pelekania ʻo Alcedinidae) kahi hoʻonohonoho nui o nā manu, kahi e piha ai ʻehiku ʻano piha, ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me ke kala, ka nui a me kahi noho.
Video: Kingfisher
I ka manawa like, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kingfishers o nā ʻano like ʻole e nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe:
- ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (a i 50 gram);
- nuku elongated, kūpono no ka lawaiʻa ʻana;
- huelo pōkole a me nā ʻeheu;
- kala ʻulaʻula;
- ʻo ke ola ke ola he 12-15 mau makahiki;
- nā wāwae pōkole a nāwaliwali hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana ma nā lālā lāʻau a i ʻole ka honua.
He kala like nā lunamakaʻāinana a me nā wahine, akā ʻo nā kāne ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua manawa ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. Luʻu nā hulu manu, uhi ʻia i kahi kiʻi momona momona e pale aku i ka plumage mai ka pulu. Hiki i ka lā ke nānā aku ke hoʻomālamalama a hoʻokalakupua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He ʻulaʻula carotenoid ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha o ka manu. Ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kēia pigment, aia ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka manu i kahi sheen metallic sheen.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole makemake nā mōʻī i ka huehue, makemake i kahi nohona hūnā. Hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e noho kokoke i kahi noho o kahi kanaka a pale i ka hālāwai ʻana me ia. ʻO ke mele ʻana o nā manu i like me ka nui o nā manu lele a ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu loa i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mōʻī wahine
ʻO ka helehelena o kahi mōʻī e pili ia i nā ʻano ona.
Hoʻonohonoho ka ornithology Classical i nā kingfishers i 6 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa:
- maʻamau (polū). ʻO ka manu maʻamau ke ʻano o ka manu. ʻO ia ka mea e ʻike pinepine ai ka poʻe. Noho ka mōʻī polū mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika a i ke komohana ʻākau o Lūkia. Noho kēia manu kupaianaha loa ma kapa o nā muliwai nui. Minamina, i nā makahiki i hala, ua emi ka heluna kanaka o ka kingfisher maʻamau, i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka poʻe i ko lākou alo a ʻaʻohe o nā manu e noho kaʻawale i nā wahi pūnana.
- onionio. ʻO nā pūnana manu aloha wela wale nō ma ka ʻĀkia ʻāpana o Eurasia a me kekahi mau mokupuni wela. ʻOkoʻa ka nui i hoʻonui ʻia (a i 16 kenimika) a me nā kāne e hoʻonani i kahi ʻalani polū mālamalama ma ka umauma;
- polū nui. ʻO ka lāhui kingfisher nui loa (a i 22 kenimika). ʻOkoʻa lākou mai ka kingfisher maʻamau i ka nui a me ke kala ʻōlinolino. ʻAʻole ʻike ka manu i polū, akā polū ʻulaʻula, ke kala o ka lani kauwela. Loaʻa ia mau manu i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi loa ma ka wāwae o ka Himalayas a me nā panalāʻau hema o Kina;
- kuhukukū. ʻO ka noho aloha aloha wela ma ʻApelika. ʻO ka hapanui o nā kuhukukū turquoise e pūnana ma nā kapa o ka Nile a me Limpopo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole paʻakikī e koho, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa kona kala i kahi hue turquoise i haʻi ʻia a me ka ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo. Hiki i ke kingfisher turquoise ke ola i nā lā maloʻo loa a hiki ke hopu i nā nahesa wai liʻiliʻi.
- pepeiao polū. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina ʻAsia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka neʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke alualu i ka hua nui agile. Eia nō naʻe, ko lākou hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka plumage polū ma ka piko o ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū ʻalani;
- kōpena. Kū i waho no kona kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo cobalt pouli. Mālama ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema a ʻo kahi kala ʻeleʻele e kōkua i ka manu e camouflage iā ia iho e kūʻē i ke kumu o nā muliwai lohi a kahe hoʻi.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o kahi manu kingfisher. E nānā ma kahi e loaʻa ai kēia holoholona.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai ʻo kingfisher?
Kiʻi: Kingfisher ma Lūkia
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, nui ka nohona o ka kingfisher. Kūleʻa nā ʻano manu like ʻole ma Eurasia, ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Kingfishers ma ka pae ʻāina ʻo ʻInidonesia exotic, nā mokupuni o ka Caribbean a me New Zealand.
ʻOiai ke ʻano aniau o Lūkia, ʻike nui ʻia ka mōʻī ma aneʻi. Wahi a ka helu ʻana o nā mea hoʻonaninani, mau pūlua manu o nā manu e pūnana ma nā wahi o nā kūlanakauhale Siberia e like me Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk ʻO ka pūnana akau loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka waha o Angara, a ma ka palena me Kazakhstan (ʻaʻole mamao aku mai Pavlodar).
Akā ʻo ka helu nui loa o nā kingfishers ma Italia. No 2017, ma kahi o 10 tausani mau kānaka i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, e pūnana ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻohana liʻiliʻi ma ka Crimea, a ma Kuban hoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia aia he neʻe lohi a e hoʻonui ka nui o nā mōʻī i Lūkia.
Hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ke kūlana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pīpī pīpī loa e pili ana i nā pūnaewele pūnana. E ola a hānai wale ia ia ma kahi kokoke o kahi kahawai me ka holo (akā ʻaʻole ka wai wikiwiki) me nā kahakai kiʻekiʻe a lepo paha. ʻAʻole makemake ka manu i ke kaiāulu wale nō me nā kānaka, akā me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā koi koʻikoʻi e lilo i mea liʻiliʻi a ke emi nei ka helu o nā mōʻī mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka mōʻī?
Kiʻi: Manu manu Kingfisher
ʻAno ʻē ka papaʻai a ka manu. ʻAi wale ʻo ia i nā mea i loaʻa i ka muliwai.
ʻO ka papa nui a me ka papa nui no kahi mōʻī ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka papaʻai pū kekahi.
- nā ʻenuhe a me nā rana liʻiliʻi;
- nahesa wai (ma ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika Hema);
- molluscs liʻiliʻi;
- ʻōpae;
- nā mea kolo wai.
ʻO ka mea lawaiʻa he mea luʻu kupanaha ʻole, a hiki ke neʻe i lalo o ka wai me ka wikiwiki loa. Penei ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. Pa'ū ka manu i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau ma kahakai a hiki ke noho me ka neʻe ʻole no nā mau minuke he ʻumi.
A laila, ke ʻike nei i ka mea pio, hāʻule koke ka mōʻī i loko o ka wai, lālau i kahi iʻa a iʻa a hoʻi koke i hope. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻai iki kēia manu i nā mea pio ola. Kau pinepine ʻo ia i ka iʻa ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole lepo, a ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana ua make ka mea i make.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu i ka nui a kaupaona ʻia he mau ʻumi mau gram wale nō, i nā hola o ke ao hiki iā ia ke hopu a ʻai i nā iʻa he 10-12. Ke hiki mai ka manawa e hānai ai i ka wahine a me nā moa i ka pūnana, hoʻonui ka hopu ʻana o ke kāne i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua manawa. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o ke kaumaha o ka mōʻī ponoʻī ponoʻī. ʻAʻole ʻike ka manu i ka hānai hānai a hānai wale i nā mea i hiki iā ia ke hopu iā ia iho.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kingfisher i ka lele
ʻO ka kingfisher kekahi o nā manu liʻiliʻi ma ka hona puni honua e noʻonoʻo like i nā ʻano ʻekolu: ma ka honua, i ka wai a me ka ea. Ma ka honua, ʻeli nā manu (a i ʻole ʻike) i nā lua e hānai ai lākou. ʻIke ʻo Kingfishers i ka meaʻai i loko o ka wai, a ʻauʻau maʻalahi wale nō. A i ka lewa, hiki i kēia mau manu ke hana i nā hana mana, e hōʻike ana i ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka lokomaikaʻi.
Makemake ka manu i kahi nohona kaʻawale, a mālama aloof ʻaʻole wale mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, akā mai kona mau hoahānau ponoʻī nō hoʻi. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻalā, nā mea e ʻeli i ko lākou mau lua i mau kenimika ke kaʻawale, ʻo ka palena iki ma waena o nā minks kingfisher he 300-400 mika. Kūpono, hiki kēia mamao i 1 kilomita.
ʻO nā manu ʻē aʻe i lele i loko o ka moku o ka mōʻī manaʻo he ʻenemi ia a e hoʻouka koke ka manu iā lākou. No laila, i ka pūnāwai hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā kingfishers e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka aoa ʻana no nā lua ʻoluʻolu loa.
E ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole maʻemaʻe ka mōʻī. Aia kahi pilau a puni kahi o kona pūnana ʻana, ʻoiai ka manu e regurgitates iwi i loko o ka mink iho, a i ʻole kokoke iā ia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Kingfishers ke ʻae i ka lepo o kā lākou mau moa a hui pū me nā iwi a me nā koena o ka iʻa popopo e hana i kahi ʻala hoʻomau a ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He pālua
I kā lākou kumu, ʻo nā kingfishers he mea nui loa i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hōʻalo lākou i ka nohona aloha a noho wale i nā pālua. Ma muli o kēia ʻano nohona, manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā kingfishers e hana i kahi paʻa paʻa, akā mamao loa kēia mai ka hihia. ʻO ka pinepine, komo nā kāne i ka pilina polygamous a nui a ʻohana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pālua i ke ala aʻe. Hāʻawi ke kāne i ka iʻa i hopu hou ʻia (a i ʻole nā mea pio ʻē aʻe) i ka wahine, a inā ʻae ʻia ka hāʻawi, hana ʻia kahi paʻa paʻa, hiki ke hoʻomau no kekahi mau kau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau mahana, wāwahi ka pāpālua a lele ʻokoʻa nā manu no ka hoʻoilo, pinepine i nā ʻohana hipa like ʻole. Akā me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau hou, hui hou ka lua a noho i ka mink kahiko.
ʻO ka kingfisher kahi ʻano manu manuahi e hoʻolewa i nā lua i ka lepo. ʻO ka wahi maʻamau no ka mink ma ke kahawai kūpikipiki ma kahi kokoke o ka wai. Hōʻike pinepine ka manu i ka pūnana me nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau. Hiki i ka pūnana i lako pono ke 1 mika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopau pono ka mink me kahi keʻena nui, a ma laila e hoʻolako ai ka manu i kāna pūnana. Eia kekahi, hoʻomoe ka manu i nā hua manu me ka ʻole o kahi moe, ma luna pono o ka lepo.
Ma ka awelika, hoʻomoe kahi mōʻī i nā hua he 5-7, akā aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa i nā hua he 10 a mālama nā mākua i nā moa āpau Pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka hatch egg. Noho lākou i ʻekolu pule ma ka huli, e nānā ana i ke kaʻina koʻikoʻi a me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou hana.
Hānau ʻia nā keiki moa Kingfisher makapō a hulu ʻole, akā ulu wikiwiki. No ka ulu ikaika, koi lākou i ka nui o ka meaʻai a me nā mākua e hopu iʻa a me nā kamaʻāina o ka muliwai mai ka wanaʻao a ahiahi. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, lele nā moa ʻōpio mai ka pūnana a hoʻomaka e ʻimi iā lākou iho.
He haʻahaʻa lākou i ka poʻe mākua i ka nui a me ka ʻōlinolino o ka plumage, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i emi i ka wikiwiki i ka lewa. No kekahi mau lā lele aku nā ʻōpio ʻōpio me ko lākou mau mākua a hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai mai iā lākou, akā ma hope lele lākou mai kā lākou pūnana manu. I nā ʻāina mehana, loaʻa ka manawa o ka kingfishers e hānau keiki 2 ma mua o ka lele ʻana no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka mōʻī
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mōʻī wahine
I ka nahelehele, ʻaʻohe nui nā ʻenemi o ka mōʻī. Hoʻopili wale kēia i nā hawk a me nā falcon. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke akahele loa ka mōʻī a hūnā maikaʻi i kāna lua. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona, noho ka manu me ka neʻe ʻole ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau a ʻaʻole ia e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻaihue.
Eia hou, i ka lewa, hiki i ka kingfisher ke wikiwiki a hiki i 70 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola a ʻoiai kahi hawk wikiwiki ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hopu i kahi mea wikiwiki. He mea paʻakikī loa kēia mau mea āpau, a ʻo nā manu o nā mea lele e ʻimi pinepine ʻole i nā kingfishers, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa i nā mea pio maʻalahi.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea ʻaihue lāʻau e like me nā ʻalopeke, nā ferrets a me nā martens ke hoʻopōʻino i nā manu a hōʻino paha i ka pūnana. ʻAʻole kolo wale nā mea ʻehā ʻehā i ka lua a ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i nā hua me kā lākou mau wāwae. Hoʻoweliweli loa ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻala lawa a hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā manu ʻio.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻino nui loa i nā kingfishers e nā hana a ke kanaka, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka wahi noho o ka manu a me nā helu o nā wahi kūpono no ka pūnana. Nui aʻe nā hihia o ka make kingfishers e make ana ma muli o ka haumia o nā kahawai a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o nā waihona iʻa. Hana ʻia ua koi ʻia ke kāne e haʻalele i ka pūnana me nā moa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hānai i ka ʻohana. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e make nā keiki moa i ka pōloli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu manu Kingfisher
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, palekana ka lāhui kingfisher. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia wale nō, helu ʻia nā ornithologists ma kahi o 300 tausani mau manu a paʻa paʻa ka helu o lākou.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka heluna nui o nā kingfisher ma ʻEulopa i loaʻa i ʻItalia. Aia ma kahi o 100 tausani mau kānaka i kēia pae ʻāina. ʻO ka lua o ka wahi i ka mahele ʻana o nā manu moa ʻo Rūsia. ʻO ka wahi hoʻokaʻawale o nā kingfishers e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ma luna o kahi ʻāina nui, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o Don a me St. Petersburg a hoʻopau me ka waha o nā Dvina a me nā palena palena me Kazakhstan.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻike ʻia nā mōʻīwī i ka Meschera National Park, aia ma ka palena o Ryazan, Vladimir a me nā wahi ʻo Moscow. No laila, manaʻo nui kēia mau manu i ʻelua haneli mau kilomita wale nō mai ke kapikala o Rūsia.
Ma ʻApelika, ʻAmelika Hema a me nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o nā kingfisher, akā ʻoiai e like me ka manaʻo conservative, ʻo kā lākou helu ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua miliona. ʻO nā wahi nui ʻole i noho ʻia o ka ʻāina ʻApelika ka mea kūpono loa no kēia manu.
ʻO ka moku wale nō ma ka honua kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ka mōʻī i loko o ka Red Book ʻo Buryatia. Akā ma laila, ʻo ka emi o ka nui o nā manu ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu uila, i hoʻohuhū i ke kaulike kaiaola o nā muliwai a hoʻemi i ka pae o nā mōʻī.
Kingfisher ʻO ia kekahi o nā manu maikaʻi loa o ka honua. Nui ka manaʻo o kēia mea kū hoʻokahi i ka ʻāina, i ka wai a me ka ea, a pono i ka poʻe e hana i nā mea āpau e mālama i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu i ka pae like.
Lā hoʻopuka: 08/04/2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 21:32
