Bipi musk He holoholona kupaianaha ia he helehelena kikoʻī kona, mahalo i ka poʻe zologist i koho ʻia i wahi kaʻawale. ʻO ka inoa ma muli o nā ʻano kūwaho o nā hipa a me nā bipi. Lawe ka holoholona i ke kumukānāwai a me nā ʻōnaehana o loko a me nā ʻōnaehana mai nā bipi, a me ke ʻano o ka lawena a me kekahi ʻano o ka hipa. I nā kumuwaiwai palapala he nui, loaʻa ia ma lalo o ka inoa o kahi musk ox.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Musk ox
Pili ka bipi musk i nā holoholona chordate, hāʻawi ʻia ia i ka papa o nā mammals, ke kauoha o artiodactyls. He lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana bovids, ka genus a me nā ʻano o nā bipi musk. ʻO ka inoa o ka holoholona, i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latina kahiko, he bipi kāne hipa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻepekema e hele i kahi ʻae no ka kumu a me nā kūpuna o ka holoholona.
Video: Musk bipi
Ua noho nā kūpuna kahiko o nā bipi musk o ka wā hou ma ka honua i ka wā o ka Miocene - ma mua o 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka wahi o ko lākou wahi noho i kēlā manawa nā wahi mauna o Central Asia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei a wehewehe i ka helehelena, ke ʻano a me ka nohona o nā kūpuna kahiko ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o nā mōʻalihaku.
Ma kahi o 3.5-4 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ai ka paʻakikī o ka manawa, ua iho mai nā bipi musk kahiko mai ka Himalaya a pālahalaha ma nā ʻāina o ka ʻākau o Eurasia a me Siberia. I loko o ka wā Pleistocene, nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, a me nā mammoth, bison a me nā rhinoceroses, noho nui ʻia ma Arctic Eurasia.
I ka wā o ka glaciation ʻo ʻIlino, ua neʻe lākou ma ka Bering Isthmus i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a laila i Greenland. ʻO ka mea mua ma ʻEulopa e wehe i kahi bipi musk he limahana ia no ka Hudson's Bay Company, he kanaka Pelekane ʻo Henry Kelsey.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka bipi musk
He helehelena kikoʻī loa ka musk bipi, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kūlana o kona ola. ʻAʻohe pili i kona kino, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka pohō o ka wela. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ka helehelena o ka holoholona he loloa a mānoanoa loa. Hiki i kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 14-16 mau kenimika ma ke kua a hiki i 50-60 kenimika ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū. Ma waho, me he mea lā ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia mai luna me kahi kapa chic.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma waho aʻe o ka hulu hipa, loaʻa i ka bipi musk kahi undercoat mānoanoa a mānoanoa loa, kahi e mehana ai nā manawa he 7-8 ma mua o ka hulu hipa. ʻO ka lole paleʻuʻukuʻu he ʻewalu mau ʻano o ka lauoho. Mahalo i kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka mea nona ka huluhulu mehana o ka honua.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hulu ka mānoanoa a lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka ʻo Molt i Mei a kū i ka waena o Iulai. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā holoholona e nā mākala ikaika, hoʻomohala maikaʻi. He poʻo nui kā ka bipi musk a he ʻāʻī pōkole. Ma muli o kaʻaʻahu nui, hāʻule nui, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka maoli. ʻO ka mua, ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo e uhi ʻia me ka hulu. ʻO nā pepeiao he triangular i ke ʻano a ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka pale mānoanoa. He pepeiaohao nui ko ka bipi musk. Ua mānoanoa lākou i ka lae, e uhi ana i ka hapa nui.
Hiki i nā pepeiaohao ke hina, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele. ʻEʻeleʻele nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma mua o ke kumu. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiaohao i 60-75 kenimika. Loaʻa lākou i nā kāne ʻelua, akā i nā wahine wahine ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa a me ka nui o ka nui. Pokole a ikaika loa nā lālā o nā bipi. He mea nui hoʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lou i mua o ka hope. Uhi ʻia nā lālā me ka hulu mānoanoa a lōʻihi hoʻi. Pōkole ka huelo. Ua uhi nui ʻia me ka hulu hipa, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona ma kahi maloʻo ʻo 1.3-1.5 mau mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o hoʻokahi mākua ma kahi o 600-750 kilokilo. ʻO nā kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hina, brown, brown and black. ʻO ka maʻa mau o ka ʻāpana luna o ke kino he leo māmā kona, ʻane ʻane ʻeleʻele ka lalo. Aia kekahi kaha māmā i ka ʻiwi. Uhi ʻia hoʻi nā lālā me ka hulu māmā.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bipi musk?
Kiʻi: Musk ox ma Lūkia
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona o nā holoholona i nā wahi o ka Arctic o Eurasia. Ma ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ma ka Bering Isthmus, ua neʻe aku nā bipi musk i ʻAkau ʻAkau, a ma hope hoʻi i Greenland.
ʻO ka loli honua i nā kūlana anilā, i ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ua alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona a me ka piʻina o kona wahi noho. Hoʻomaka ka ipu polar e emi a hoʻoheheʻe, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka uhi o ka hau, a ua lilo ka tundra-steppes i mau wahi pohō. I kēia lā, ʻo ka wahi nui o ka musk bipi ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ma nā ʻāina Greenel a me Pari, a ma nā ʻākau hoʻi o Greenland.
A hiki i ka 1865, komo pū, noho ka bipi musk i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Alaska, akā i kēia wahi ua hānai ʻia. I ka makahiki 1930, ua lawe hou ʻia lākou ma laila i nā helu liʻiliʻi, a ma 1936 ma ka mokupuni ʻo Nunivak. I kēia mau wahi, ua aʻa maikaʻi ka pipi musk. I Kuikilana, Iceland a me Norewai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau holoholona.
I ka wā i hala ʻole aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hānau bipi ma Lūkia. Wahi a nā manaʻo ʻepekema paʻakikī o ka ʻepekema, ma kahi o 7-8 tausani mau kānaka e noho ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Taimyr tundra, ma kahi o 800-900 mau kānaka ma Wrangel Island, a ma Yakutia a me Magadan.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka bipi musk. E nānā kāua i ka mea a ka holoholona e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka bipi musk?
Kiʻi: Bipi musk holoholona
ʻO ka bipi musk kahi lāʻau ulu lāʻau kō. Ua hoʻokele a ola pono ia i nā kūlana anilā o ka Arctic anu. I kēia mau wahi, hala wale ke kau mahana i kekahi mau pule, a laila hoʻi mai ka hoʻoilo, ka ʻino hau, ka makani a me nā hau hau ʻino. I loko o kēia wā, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai ka mea kanu maloʻo, kahi a nā holoholona e kiʻi ai mai lalo o kahi mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana o ka hau me ka hoof.
Kumu kumu ʻai no ka bipi musk:
- birch, willow shrub;
- lichens;
- lichen, limu;
- mauʻu pulupulu;
- hoʻohiehie;
- astragalus a me mytnik;
- arctagrostis a me ka arctophila;
- mauʻu partridge;
- foxtail;
- mauʻu ʻohe;
- kanaka mākala;
- ʻulā;
- hua hua.
Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau mahana, hele mai nā bipi musk i nā leila paʻakai maoli, kahi a lākou e pani ai no ka nele o nā minelala a me nā kumuwaiwai o ke kino. I ka hoʻoilo, kiʻi nā holoholona i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, e ʻeli ana iā ia mai lalo o ka uhi o ka hau, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa i ka hapalua mika. Inā piʻi ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka hau, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bipi musk ke kiʻi i kāna meaʻai. I ke kau anuanu, ke maloʻo ke kumu meaʻai nui, nā mea kanu paʻahau, nā bipi musk e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka ʻeli ʻana.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana, hoʻāʻo lākou e noho kokoke i nā awāwa kahawai, kahi o nā mea ulu momona a momona hoʻi. I ke kau mahana, mālama lākou e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui momona. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ma kahi o 30% o ke kaumaha o ke kino.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Siberian musk ox
ʻO ka bipi musk kahi holoholona i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia e ola i nā anuanu a paʻakikī hoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi pinepine i kahi nohona nomadic, ke koho nei i kahi kahi kahi manawa kūpono e hānai ai. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe pinepine lākou i ke kuahiwi, ke holoi ka makani ikaika i ka uhi o ka hau mai ko lākou mau piko. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka puna, hoʻi lākou i nā awāwa a me nā wahi pā o ka tundra.
ʻO ka nohona a me nā ʻano o ka bipi musk e like me ka hipa. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi, hiki ka helu o 4 a 10 mau kānaka i ke kauwela, a hiki i 15-20 i ka hoʻoilo. I ka puna, ʻākoakoa pinepine nā kāne i nā hui ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole alakaʻi i kahi nohona kaʻawale. ʻO kēlā mau kānaka no 8-10% ka nui o nā holoholona.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hui kona wahi noho a me kāna wahi mahi ʻai. I ke kau mahana, hiki i 200 mau kilomika kilomika, i ke kauwela e hoʻemi ʻia ia i 50. He alakaʻi ko kēlā me kēia hui e alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia i ka ʻimi no kahi kahua ʻai. ʻO ka pinepine, hana ʻia kēia kuleana e kahi alakaʻi a makua paha, wahine wahine ʻike. I nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, hāʻawi ʻia kēia hana i ka bipi kauō.
Holo mālie nā holoholona, i kekahi mau hanana hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki i 35-45 km / h. Hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi lōʻihi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. I ke kau mahana, hānai ʻē aʻe me ka maha i ka lā. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaha lākou i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kanu aʻu e lawe ai ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka uhi hau. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka bipi musk i ka makani ikaika a me nā hau hau nui. Ke hoʻomaka ka ʻino, moe lākou me ko lākou kua i ka makani. ʻO nā hau kiʻekiʻe, i uhi ʻia me ka pā, hoʻonoho i kahi makaʻu iā lākou.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka lewa me ke kōkua o ka ʻike i hoʻomohala ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka pilau, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hoʻokokoke i ka ʻenemi a loaʻa ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka hau. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka bipi musk he 11-14 mau makahiki, akā me ka lawa o ka hānai, aneane pālua kēia wā.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Musk ox i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka wā hānau hānau mai ka waena o Iulai a i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa. ʻO nā wahine wahine moekolohe āpau, mākaukau no ka moʻa ʻana, uhi ʻia e hoʻokahi kāne, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka ʻohana. I kēlā mau hui kahi kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o nā poʻo, ʻo kekahi mau kāne kāne subdominant hou aʻe ka hope o ka genus. ʻAʻohe mea paʻakikī no ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine.
I kekahi manawa hōʻike ikaika nā kāne i mua o kekahi. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i nā kuʻi poʻo, ka ʻū ʻana, ke kī ʻana, ka hahau ʻana ma ka honua. Inā ʻaʻole mākaukau ka hoa paio e ʻae aku, i kekahi manawa aia nā hakakā. Neʻe aku nā holoholona mai kekahi i kekahi no kanalima mau mika, a, e lūlū ana, kuʻi me ko lākou mau poʻo. Hana kēia a lanakila ka mea ikaika i ka nāwaliwali. ʻO ka pinepine, make nā kāne ma ke kahua kaua.
Ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana, hāpai ka hapai, a he 8-9 mau mahina ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka hopena, hānau ʻia he ʻelua mau keiki, kākaʻikahi loa. ʻO ke kino o nā keiki hānau hou ma kahi o 7-8 kilokika. I kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, mākaukau nā pēpē e ukali i ko lākou makuahine.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka waiū o ka waiū o Māmā a he pākēneka nui o ka momona Ma muli o kēia, ulu wikiwiki nā pēpē hānau hou a loaʻa ke kaumaha. I ka manawa ʻelua mau makahiki o lākou, ke loaʻa nei iā lākou ma kahi o 40 kilokilo, a ma ka ʻehā pālua lākou i ko lākou kino kaupaona.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana me ka waiū umauma he ʻehā mau mahina, ʻo kekahi manawa a hoʻokahi makahiki ka lōʻihi. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka pēpē e ʻono i nā limu a me nā mea kanu. I hoʻokahi mahina, hana ʻiʻo nō ia i ka mauʻu mauʻu me ka waiū o ka umauma.
Mālama ʻia ka hānau hānau hou a mālama ʻia i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Hoʻohui mau nā keiki bipi i nā hui no nā pāʻani like. Ma waena o nā keiki hānau hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne i nā helu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā bipi musk
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka bipi musk
Hāʻawi maoli ʻia nā bipi Musk me nā pepeiaohao ikaika a ikaika hoʻi, nā mākala ulu maikaʻi. Pili pili loa lākou, i ʻae pinepine iā lākou e kaua i ko lākou ʻenemi. ʻOiai kēia, he mau ʻenemi lākou i ko lākou wahi maoli.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā bipi musk:
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻeleʻele a me nā bea polar;
- ʻīlio hae.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi weliweli loa ke kanaka. Alualu pinepine ʻo ia i ka holoholona no nā pepeiaohao a me ka hulu. ʻO nā Connoisseurs o nā trophies laha ʻole ke waiwai nui iā lākou a hāʻawi i kahi kālā he nui. ʻO ke ʻano o ka honi a me ka hihiʻo i hoʻomohala ʻia e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ke ala o ka weliweli mai kahi mamao aku. I kēlā ʻano kūlana, hoʻoholomua ka musk bipi i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe, hele i kahi ala, a laila lele. I kekahi mau hanana, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā wikiwiki o 40 km / h.
Inā ʻaʻole lawe mai kēia taktika i ka hopena i makemake ʻia, hana nā mākua i kahi apo paʻa, ma ke kikowaena o lākou he mau ʻōpio ʻōpio. Ke hōʻike nei i ka hoʻouka kaua a ka mea hoʻomake, hoʻi hou ke kanaka makua i kona wahi i ka pōʻai. ʻO kēlā ʻano hana pale e ʻae ai i kekahi e pale kūʻē i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, akā ʻaʻole ia e kōkua, akā i ka mea ʻē aʻe, e maʻalahi ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona ʻaʻole pono e alualu i kā lākou mea pio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Bipi musk holoholona
I kēia lā i ka bipi musk i ke kūlana o ka "makaʻu liʻiliʻi o ka make ʻana". Eia nō naʻe, kaohi ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Arctic. Wahi a ka World Organization for the Protection of Animals, ʻo kona helu helu he 136-148 tausani mau poʻo. ʻO Alaska i ka makahiki 2005 kahi home ma kahi o 3,800 mau kānaka. ʻO ka nui heluna kanaka ma Greenland he 9-12 tausani kānaka. Ma Nunavut, aia ma kahi o 47 tausani mau poʻo, a he 35 tausani o lākou i noho ma ka moku o nā mokupuni Arctic.
I ke komohana ʻākau, aia ma kahi o 75.5 tausani kānaka. ʻAneʻane ʻo 92% o kēia heluna kanaka i noho i ka moku o nā mokupuni Arctic. I kekahi mau ʻāpana, aia ka bipi musk i nā ʻano o nā mālama a me nā pāka aupuni, kahi e kapu loa ai ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia.
No ka heluna kanaka muskox, hoʻomaka ka makaʻu nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ke aniau, nā mea ʻai holoholona, hoʻomehana a me ka hau o ka uhi hau, ke kū ʻana o kahi nui o nā bea grizzly a me nā ʻīlio hae ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika. Inā uhi ʻia ka hau i kahi pā hau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke loaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī.
I kekahi mau āpana, ʻimi ʻia nā bipi musk ma muli o ko lākou hulu waiwai, i kekahi e ʻimi lākou e loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo, i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano, e like me ka pipi. I kekahi mau wahi, waiwai nui ka momona holoholona, ma ke kumu o nā hamo hoʻōla i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i ka cosmetology.
Bipi musk He holoholona hoihoi loa ia e hoʻohui i nā ʻano o nā hipa a me nā bipi. He kamaʻāina ʻo ia o nā anu, nā wahi pana. Minamina, me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke aniau, ke emi nei kona helu a me kona ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻu i kēia manawa.
Lā paʻi: 07/27/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 21:21
