Mixina He kamaʻāina ʻē ia o ka Moana honua. Noho ka holoholona i kahi hohonu hohonu - ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima haneli mau mika. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke iho i kahi hohonu o 1000 mau mika. Ma waho, he ʻano like kēia mau holoholona me nā ilo. No kēia kumu, ʻo Carl Linnaeus, ke alakaʻi nei i ka noiʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale hewa iā lākou ma ke ʻano worm. Kāhea ka poʻe he nui iā myxina ka mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole, hoʻopailua, a me nā mea kolohe hoʻi ma ka honua. Ma muli o kona ʻano, he mau inoa kona - slug eel, witch fish, sea worm, vultures of the seas.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Miksina
Pili nā mixins i nā holoholona chordate; hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ka papa o nā myxines, ke kaʻina o nā myxinoids, a me ka ʻohana o myxines. Ke aʻo lōʻihi nei ʻo Karl Linnaeus i kēia mau holoholona. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia iā lākou ma ka pā me nā vertebrates. ʻOiai ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona hoihoi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona mua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hopena ʻo ka noiʻi genetic.
Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā kūpuna kahiko o nā myxine o kēia au i ka rudiment o ka iwi kuamoo, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea cartilaginous i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia, e like me nā ipukukui, i manaʻo ʻia he pili kokoke loa i nā myxines.
Video: Mixina
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā ʻepekema i ka noho ʻana o nā myxines kahiko ma ka honua ma mua o 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, ua nele mua kēia mau kānaka i ka rudiment o ka iwi kuamoʻo, akā he kino ko lākou o ka hihiʻo, i hoʻomohala pono ʻia a hāʻawi i nā holoholona i ka hihiʻo maikaʻi loa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, ua nalowale nā mea o ka hihi i kā lākou hana mua. ʻO ka antennae, ka mea e hana i ka hana o ka paʻi, ua lilo i kumu nui e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kiko kuhikuhi i ka lewa.
Nānā nā ʻepekema i nā makahiki ʻekolu a ʻeono haneli i hala, ʻaʻole i loli iki kēia mau mea ola. Ma ka laulā, inā mākou e kālailai i ke ala evolutionary holoʻokoʻa o nā ilo o ke kai, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai ka manawa o ko lākou helehelena ʻaʻole lākou i loli i ka helehelena.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Mixina a iʻa kilokilo paha
He ʻano ʻokoʻa a kikoʻī loa kā Mixina. Ma waho, ʻano like lākou me nā nīniha elongated, a i ʻole nā ʻenuhe honua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 40-70 kenimika. I kekahi mau hihia, ulu ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kekahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ma waena o nā mixins i ka lōʻihi o ke kino kahi kanaka i hiki i kahi lōʻihi o 127 centimita.
Hoʻokahi nostril ma ke poʻo, ʻaʻohe ona lua. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka waha ākea a me ka puka ihu e kahi ʻumiʻumi. ʻOkoʻa kā lākou helu i nā mea like ʻole. Hiki i ka helu o ka whiskers ke hōʻea mai 5 a 8 mau ʻāpana. ʻO kēia mau koholā ka mea e kōkua i nā holoholona e hoʻokele i kahi ākea a hana i ka hana o ka lālā o ka paʻi Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā ʻōnaehana o ka hihiʻo i nā holoholona, ʻoiai me ka makahiki ua ulu nui lākou me ka ʻili.
Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā ʻino o myxines, hele ʻole ʻia ma ke kino. He hanana hoihoi ko ka lua waha. ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, hāmama ke ākea. I ka lua o ka waha aia ʻelua lālani o nā niho, ʻoi aku, aia hoʻokahi niho pālua ʻole ʻole i ka ʻāina o ka pā.
No kahi lōʻihi o ka manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā zoologists ke hoʻomaopopo pehea e hanu ai ka holoholona. Ma hope o ke kaʻina o nā noiʻi, ua hiki ke ʻike i ka hāpai ʻia ʻana o ka hanu ma o ka puka ihu hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻōpū hanu ke gills. ʻO nā gills nā ʻōnaehana o nā pā o ka cartilage. Hiki ke loli ke kala o kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka flora kai a me nā holoholona a pili i ka ʻāina a me ka nohona.
He aha nā kala i ʻano maʻamau no nā mixins:
- ākala;
- ʻulaʻula me ka hina hina;
- palaunu;
- lilac;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o nā holoholona ke kū ʻana o nā lua kahi e hana ai lākou i ka mucus. Me kāna kōkua ia e hoʻokele ai e hōʻalo i nā hoʻouka kaua a nā mea ʻaihue. Hoʻokumu ka mau huaʻai i kēia mau mea i keratin a me ka mucin. Hana kēia mau mea i ka hanana o ka mucus mānoanoa, viscous a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e holoi ʻia me ka wai.
ʻAʻohe o Myxines i ka iwi kuamoo, a hana ʻia ka iwi poʻo o ka iwi iwi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o loko o ke kino i ka hanana o ke kino o nā kamaʻāina kai ʻē aʻe. ʻElua ko lākou lolo a ʻehā puʻuwai. He mea kupaianaha, ua hala ke koko i loko o nā puʻuwai ʻehā. Aia nā mea hou i ke poʻo, ka huelo, a me ke ake. ʻOiai inā e haki kekahi o nā puʻuwai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili i kona noho maikaʻi ʻana ma kekahi ʻano.
Ma hea e noho ai ka myxina?
Kiʻi: iʻa Mixina
He holoholona ʻo Mixina e noho wale nei i nā wai o ka Moana Honua. Hiki ia i nā hohonu like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e mālama ʻia ma kahi hohonu o 300-500 mau mika. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau lunamaka o kēia ʻano, i loaʻa ma kahi hohonu o 1000 mau mika. Noho ʻo Mixina ma kahi o ke kahakai, ʻaʻole neʻe ia mai kahakai. ʻOi aku ka makemake i nā wahi me nā aniau tropical and subtropical.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nohona holoholona:
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
- ʻEulopa;
- Āina Hau;
- Suetena komohana;
- Norewai hema;
- ʻEnelani;
- Āina' Ōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, hālāwai pinepine nā lawaiʻa iā ia ma ke kai Barents. Noho ka lāhui myxine Atlantika ma lalo o ke Kai ʻĀkau a me nā wahi komohana o ʻAkelanika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa a nā holoholona i ka moana kai. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou āpau makemake lākou i ka pālolo, lepo, lalo o ke one. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, iho nā holoholona i kahi hohonu o 1.4 mile e hoʻomanawanui ai i ke anuanu.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka mixin. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea a Maxina e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Mixins
No Mixina nā mea kolo. Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma lalo o ke kai. Ma laila ʻo ia e ʻimi ai i meaʻai nāna. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻeli wale ka ilo o ke kai i ka silt kai a nānā i nā koena o ke ola kai make. Komo ka myxine i ka iʻa make a me nā ola kai ʻē aʻe ma o ka waha a me nā aʻa oʻa. I loko o ke kino, ʻoki wale ka holoholona i nā koena o nā mākala mai ka iwi iwi.
Ma waho aʻe o kaʻoiaʻiʻo e hānai ka iʻa kilokilo i ke koena o nā poʻe kai make, hoʻouka ia i nā mea nāwaliwali, maʻi, a iʻa i hopu ʻia i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i nā mixins ke ʻimi i nā pūʻolo holoʻokoʻa. Me ko lākou mau niho ʻoi, ʻūnū lākou i ka paia o ka iʻa o ka iʻa a ʻai mua i nā ʻōloko o loko, a laila ka ʻiʻo o kā lākou mea pio. Inā hoʻomau ka iʻa i ke kūʻē, hoʻomaka wale ka ilo o ke kai e hūnā i kahi nui o nā momi, kahi e keʻakeʻa ai i nā pio o ke aʻa. Make ka mea pio o nā puhi koko i ka ʻeha.
ʻIke ka lawaiʻa he mea makehewa ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā wahi noho o kēia mau moʻo kai, ma laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kekahi mea. Hele ka myxin i ka ʻimi holoholona kūpono kūpono i ka wā pō. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea āpau i loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea alualu.
He aha ka mea lawelawe ma ke kahua hānai meaʻai:
- cod;
- haddock;
- paʻa paʻa;
- ʻakaʻakai;
- hānai manu
Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe noho kai o luna, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā ka iʻa kilokilo i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻano nui loa - manō, ʻalā. Kūleʻa ʻo ia e hoʻouka wale i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a i ʻole mahele o kahi hui holoʻokoʻa.
Mea hoihoi: I ka manawa i hiki ai i nā lawaiʻa ke hopu i kahi iʻa, i loko a hiki iā lākou ke helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 parasites!
Hiki i nā manu o kēia mau moʻo kai ke nui loa. Hiki i ka helu o hoʻokahi ʻohana pēlā ke piʻi i mau tausani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Mixin kai
He holoholona kupaianaha maoli ka mixina e ʻumeʻume i ka nui o ka hoihoi mai nā zoologists a me nā kānaka noiʻi. Hāʻawi maoli ʻia lākou i ka hiki ke hana i nā nui o nā mucus.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hiki i kahi mākua ke hana i kahi bake a mucus i mau kekona wale nō.
I kēia manawa, i ka wā e hoʻouka kaua ai kekahi mea hoʻopunipuni i kahi ilo o ke kai, hoʻokuʻu koke ia i kahi nui o nā mucus, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī e hanu no ka mea ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope iho, ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o ka predator, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka myxina i kona kino ponoʻī. ʻWili iā ia i kahi knot. Hoʻomaka ka holoholona e ʻolokaʻa mai ka huelo, e neʻe mālie i nā knot i ke poʻo poʻo. Hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻole o nā unahi i kōkua i nā mixin e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke i ko lākou kino ponoʻī.
Manaʻo ʻia nā ilo kai he holoholona nocturnal. I ke ao, hiamoe lākou. I kēia wā, kanu pinepine ʻia lākou me ko lākou huelo i ka lalo. ʻO ke poʻo wale nō e koe ma ka ʻili. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka pouli, hele holoholona nā holoholona.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Miksina
ʻAʻole maopopo maikaʻi ke kaʻina hana kope o myxines. Ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā wahine i ʻoi aku i ka nui o nā kāne. No hoʻokahi haneli mau wahine, hoʻokahi wale nō kāne. I ke kūlohelohe, nui nā kānaka me nā ʻano kāne a me nā wahine ʻelua a kapa ʻia ʻo hermaphrodites. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou i ka make a me ka luku ʻia. Hoʻoholo kūʻokoʻa kēia mau mea ola i ka moekolohe inā ʻaʻole lawa nā kāne no ka hānau hou.
I ka wā hānau, neʻe aku nā holoholona mai kahakai a hohonu a hohonu i lalo. Koho kekahi wahine i wahi kūpono no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hoʻomoe i 10 a 30 mau waena waena, nā hua liʻiliʻi elongated. ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi hua manu ma kahi o 2 mau kenimika. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana o nā hua, hoʻomomona ka kāne iā lākou.
ʻAʻole like me ka nui o ke ola kai, ʻaʻole make ka ilo kai ma hope o ke kau ʻana i kāna mau hua. I ka wā hānau, ʻaʻole ʻai ka iʻa kilokilo i kekahi mea, no laila, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā keiki, wikiwiki lākou e hoʻopiha i ka ikehu i lilo a lawa hoʻi. Haʻalele ʻo Mixina i nā keiki i nā manawa he nui i kona ola.
ʻAʻole i ʻae ʻia ka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki myxin. Manaʻo ka hapa nui he pae larval kā lākou. Manaʻo kekahi he ola ʻole ia. Eia nō naʻe, he mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i nā ilo i hānau wikiwiki koke i ka helehelena o ko lākou mau mākua a kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā moʻo kai ʻo 10-14 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka mixin
Kiʻi: mixina ʻEulopa
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā mixins i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻAʻole hōʻike nui nā mea hōʻaiʻē kai iā lākou ma muli o ka hana a nā iʻa kilokilo i kahi nui nui o nā mucus viscous. Mahalo i kēia, maʻalahi lākou e puka i waho o nā predators weliweli loa.
Ma muli o ke ʻano repulsive o kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka flora kai a me nā holoholona, ʻaʻole e ʻimi ʻia. ʻOiai he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina, e like me Iāpana, Taiwan a me Kōlea Hema, hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea ʻono a me nā mea liʻiliʻi loa mai kaʻiʻo mixin. I nā ʻāina he nui, ʻike ʻia nā slug moana ma ke ʻano he pests o ka lawaiʻa kalepa.
I kēia lā, ua aʻo ka poʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ola e like me ka iʻa kilokilo no kā lākou kumu ponoʻī. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ke kapakai o ʻAkau ʻAkau e ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mixin i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili a e kaulana ai ka honua "ʻeela ʻili" mai iā lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻo Mixina wale nō ke ola kai e hiki ke hū. Me ke kōkua o kēia waiwai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo ia i kona ihu ihu o ka huehue i komo i loko.
Ua ʻike nā loea loea o kēia manawa a me nā loea ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi maikaʻi waiwai nui o ka huehue huehue - ka hiki ke hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke koko. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻepekema e noi i kēia waiwai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hana i nā lāʻau hemostatic ma ke kumu o ka lāʻau. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka iʻa kilokilo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Iʻa kilokilo, a i ʻole mixima
I kēia lā, ua hoʻomaopopo ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau moʻo kai me ka luku ʻia. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻenemi i ka nāhelehele, ʻoiai ka slime a lākou e hana ai he mea kaua kūʻē i nā predators o kēlā me kēia nui. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea ʻino nui a weliweli hoʻi ke pale me nā mixins. Ma muli o ka nui o nā poʻe he hermaphrodites, hoʻoholo maʻalahi lākou i kā lākou moekolohe iā lākou iho i ka wā hānau. ʻO nā moʻo kai he omnivores, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i hopu ʻia i ka ʻupena, a i ʻole nā iʻa nāwaliwali a maʻi hoʻi, a me nā koena o ke ola kai.
Ma muli o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena, a me nā ʻano ʻai, hoʻowahāwahā, ʻaʻole alualu nā kānaka iā lākou. I kekahi mau wahi e mālama ʻia ai ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻana, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenuhe kai he pest. I kēia lā, hopu wale ʻia ka mixin ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau. Hoʻouna ʻia lākou e hana i ka ʻili puhi. I kēia māhele, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka hana ʻili.
I kekahi mau ʻāina ʻĀkia, ʻai mau ʻia kēia mau mea kai. Ma Kōlea Hema, Iāpana, a me Taiwan, kuke nā mea hoʻokalakupua iʻa i nā meaʻai palai. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema o kēia au he waiwai kupaianaha ka ʻūhū o nā moʻo kai - e hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana o ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Ma kēia kumu, ke holo nei nā noiʻi he nui, kahi e hoʻāʻo nei nā mea noiʻi e hana i nā lāʻau hemostatic ma ke kumu o kēia lāʻau.
He mea kupaianaha nā Mixins nona ka nohona e hoihoi i nā ʻepekema he nui a me ka inaina o nā poʻe he nui i ka manawa like. Me ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoholo kūʻokoʻa i ka moekolohe i ka wā hānau, a me ko lākou hiki ke pale aku me ka mānoanoa, visusous mucus a ʻai i nā mea āpau e ʻai ʻia, hiki ʻole ke ola kai. ʻAʻole hōʻike ke kanaka i kekahi hoihoi iā lākou ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻopailua a me ka nohona. I nā wahi he nui kahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻohana hipa nui o kēia mau mea ola, ua paʻa ka lawaiʻa ʻoihana, mai ia manawa hoʻohuihui kumu o ka hōʻino nui i ka hopu.
Lā paʻi: 09.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 21:10
