Keʻa spider - he hui nui kēia o nā arachnids, kahi e helu ana ma kahi o ʻeono haneli mau ʻano, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a i ʻelua mau kakini i loaʻa ma Rūsia. Aia nā lunamaka'āinana o kēia laha i nā wahi a pau, i loaʻa i ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻO kā lākou wahi punahele kahi nā wahi me kahi momona o ka wai. Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou i ka home o kahi kanaka.
Kapa ʻia kēia mau spider keʻa ma muli o ke kala ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hope. Ma loko o kēia ʻāpana o ke kino i loaʻa i nā nananana kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike i ke ʻano o ke keʻa, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano no kēia ʻano arthropod. Me ke kōkua o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hoʻoweliweli lākou i nā manu a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o flora a me nā holoholona, i manaʻo ʻole e ʻai i nā nananana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Keʻa Spider
ʻO nā keʻa nā ʻelele o ke kauoha o nā spider, ka suborder o nā spider araneomorphic, ka ʻohana Araneidae, a me ka genus o nā keʻa.
I kēia lā, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hōʻike paʻakikī wale i ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā arthropods kahiko. ʻO ka iwi chitinous o kēia mau ʻelele o flora a me nā holoholona e pala koke ana, me ka waiho ʻana i nā meheu ʻole. Ua loaʻa kekahi mau koena o nā arthropods kahiko i nā ʻāpana o ka resin paʻakikī, a i ʻole i ka amber. I kēia lā ua kāhea nā zologist i ka wā kokoke o ke ʻano o nā arachnids - 200-230 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Heʻuʻuku nā nui o nā kolo nunui, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapalua kenimika.
Video: Spider cross
ʻOkoʻa ko lākou ʻano kino mai ka mea hou. He huelo kā nā kolo o kēlā manawa, i manaʻo ʻia e hana i nā punawelewele ikaika. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele punawelewele i ke kapa ʻia o kā lākou lua, a i ʻole nā hale malumalu, a me ka pale ʻana i nā hua mai ka pohō a me ka make ʻana. I ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution, ua hāʻule ka huelo o nā arthropods kahiko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike koke ʻia ka mīkini wili hou.
Ua ʻikea paha nā kolo nunui ma Gondwana. A laila hoʻolaha koke lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina āpau. ʻO ka wā o ka hau i hiki mai i ka makahiki i hōʻemi loa i nā wahi o ko lākou noho ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Arthropods e kahi loiloi wikiwiki, i ka manawa a nā spider i loli ai i waho e hilinaʻi ana i ka wahi o ka noho ʻana, a me ke ʻano o kekahi ʻano.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele nui
E like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o arachnids, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino o ka nananalaki i ʻelua ʻāpana: ka cephalothorax a me ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā lākou nā warts arachnoid a hōʻike ʻia ka lole hele wāwae e ka ʻūhā, ʻāpana kuli, shin, kūwae, paws a me nā māiʻuʻu. He chelicerae a me pedipalps kekahi o nā kolo.
He kino liʻiliʻi ko nā keʻa. Ua haʻi aku nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i ka dimorphism moekolohe - ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kāne i nā wahine i ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine he 2.0-4.5 cm, a ʻo ka kāne he 1.0-1.2 cm.
Uhi ʻia ke kino o ke antropoda me kahi ʻāpana chitinous chitinous-ʻalani, kahi e kulu ai nā mea kolo i ka wā o ka molting.
He ʻelua lālā o nā kolo;
- hoʻokahi chelicerae, ke kumu nui o ia e hoʻoponopono a pepehi i ka mea pio i hopu ʻia. E kuhikuhi i lalo kēia mau wāwae i lalo;
- ʻehā mau lālā wāwae hele wāwae i loaʻa nā māiʻuʻu ma nā kihi;
- hoʻokahi pālua o nā pedipalps, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou mea pio. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka ʻāpana hope loa o kēia mau lālā i nā kāne, aia kahi wai i loko e kahe ai ka puna, a laila hoʻohuli ʻia i ka pahu o ka wahine.
Loaʻa i nā keʻa i ʻehā mau maka o ka maka, akā hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka ʻike i kēia mau ʻelele o nā arthropods, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā silhouette a me nā ʻōkuhi laulā. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopā ke lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiko kuhikuhi ma kahi ākea. Hana ʻia kēia hana e nā lauoho e uhi ʻaneʻane i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma ke kino o nā kolo, aia he ʻano nui o nā huluhulu o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano kuleana no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi ʻano o ka ʻike: ka mālam, ke kani, ka neʻe, a pēlā aku.
He ʻano poepoe ko ka ʻōpū o ka nananana. ʻAʻohe māhele ma luna o laila. Ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe aia kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻa i wehewehe pono ʻia. Ma kona ʻaoʻao ma lalo he ʻekolu mau kukuna punawelewele kūikawā. Aia i loko o kēia mau warts e hāmama nā kaukani o nā glands, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i nā pūnaewele punawelewele ikaika.
Aia ka ʻōnaehana hanu i loko o ka ʻōpū a pani ʻia e nā ʻeke pulmonary ʻelua a me ka paipu tracheal. Aia ka puʻuwai ma hope. Loaʻa iā ia ke kinona o kahi paipu a me nā moku e lālā aʻe nei.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananana kihi?
Kiʻi: Keʻa Spider ma Lūkia
Kuhi ʻia nā punawelewele o kēia ʻano e ka mahele o nā wahi āpau. Noho lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau ma Eurasia. Kaulana pū kekahi ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Makemake nā kea i nā wahi me ka wela, kiʻekiʻe o ka lā a me nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe. Makemake nā punawelewele e hoʻohui i nā kahele nahele, nā kula, nā māla, a me nā māla. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka noho ʻana o kānaka. I ka manawa e noho ai i ka lumi noho, piʻi nā spider i nā āpau a i ʻole nā hono ma waena o nā paia, nā wahi hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia, nā hakahaka ma waena o nā lako a me ka paia, a pēlā aku. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā keʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole ma kahi o ka waihona wai.
Nā wahi hulihonua o ka noho ʻana:
- nā panalāʻau o ʻaneʻane a pau o ʻEulopa;
- Lukia;
- ʻApelika
- Nā ʻāina ʻĀkia;
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau.
Makemake nā punawelewele e noho ma kahi maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e ulana i kā lākou ʻupena hei, kahi e hāʻule ai ka nui o nā kolo. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā keʻa i nā pāka a me nā kaha o ke kūlanakauhale.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka nananana kolo. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nananana kihi?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele keʻa
Ma kahi mamao aku ke keʻa mai kahi ʻelele pono ʻole o nā arthropods. Pili ia i nā lā ʻona o nā arachnids, a ma o kona ʻano ua manaʻo ʻia he mea hahai holoholona. Hele pinepine ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō.
He aha ke kumu meaʻai
- lele;
- makika;
- butterflies;
- inoino;
- aphid
Ke hele nei i waho e alualu, aia ke keʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka pūnaewele a paʻa. Inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia i kēia wā o ka manawa, ua make paha ia. Eia nō naʻe, inā hopu ʻia ka mea pio i ka ʻupena, kuʻi ka nananana i kona mau lālā mua i loko ona me ka wikiwiki o ka uila, e hoʻokomo ana i ka lāʻau make. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka manawa, hoʻoki ka meaʻai kūpono i ke kūpaʻa. Hiki i nā keʻa ke ʻai koke, a haʻalele iā ia ma hope.
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻelele o arachnids he mea ʻai nui. No ka lawa ʻana, pono lākou i kahi nui o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻoi aku i ko lākou kino kaumaha. No kēia kumu, hoʻolilo ka poʻe kolo i ka hapa nui o ka lā i ka ʻimi holoholona. Hoʻomaha nui lākou i ka lā. ʻOiai i loko o ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻopaʻa paʻa mau ʻia ka pae hōʻailona i kekahi o nā lālā o ke keʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole ʻai ka spider keʻa i nā poʻe āpau i hāʻule i loko o kāna ʻupena hei. Inā kuʻi kahi ʻenemi ʻino iā lākou, a i ʻole e hoʻomāhuahua i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole, a i kahi ʻelima nunui, nahu wale ka nananana i nā pae hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokuʻu iā ia.
Loaʻa i nā Arthropods kahi ʻano waho o ka digestive tract. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i ka meaʻai iā lākou iho. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i kahi hapa me ke kōkua o ka lāʻau ʻino i injected. Ma hope wale o ka huli ʻana o ka nahele kolo i hopu ʻia i wai waiwai ma lalo o ka mana o ka toxin, inu nā spider iā ia. Eia kekahi, nā spider pinepine, ma hope o ka hoʻohoka ʻana i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, wahī ʻia i loko o kahi kōnoke o kā lākou pūnaewele. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia i kahi kaʻina digestion hapa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Keʻa spider maʻamau
ʻO nā kolo kele i ke ao pō, kahi e hana nui i ka pō. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka ʻimi holoholona a hoʻomaha iki. ʻO nā wahi kahi nui o ka wai a me ka lā liʻiliʻi e koho pono i nā wahi noho.
Ulana pinepine ʻia nā pūnaewele ma waena o nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, nā kumu lāʻau, nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, nā lau o ka mauʻu, a pēlā aku. Aia lākou iā lākou iho i kahi wahi mehameha kokoke i kā lākou upena hei. ʻO nā kaula o ka nananana, i hiki ke ulana i nā keʻa, he ikaika nui a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea kolo nui loa, nona ka nui i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kino o ka nananana ponoʻī.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Krestoviki he poʻe paʻahana maoli, no ka ulana luhi ʻole i kā lākou mau pūnaewele. Mālama lākou i ka ulana ʻana i nā pūnaewele nui. Ke lilo lākou i kūpono ʻole no ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio, hoʻopuehu lākou a ulana i nā ʻupena hou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole e hihia ka punawelewele i kāna ʻupena hei, ʻoiai ke neʻe pololei nei ma ke alahele o nā wahi pili ʻole.
Ulana pū nā punawelewele i ka pūnaewele i ka pō. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻenemi nui o nā keʻa i diurnal a alualu iā lākou i ke ao. Nā punawelewele i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i kahi upena hei e hōʻike ana i ka pololei, ke kikoʻī a me ka piha. I ka papa o ko lākou ola, ʻaʻole lākou i kaukaʻi, akā i ka hoʻopā. Alakaʻi ʻo Krestovik i kahi nohona kaʻawale wale nō.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Keʻa Spider
I loko o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hana nui nā kāne i ka hana ʻana i nā cobwebs a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai lawa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau moʻo, haʻalele nā kāne i ko lākou mau wahi lulu a hoʻomaka e ʻimi ikaika i wahine no ka hānau ʻana. I loko o kēia wā, ʻaʻole ʻai lākou i kekahi mea, e wehewehe ai i ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Pili nā keʻa i nā arthropods dioecious. ʻO ka wā o ka male ʻana a me ka noho aloha ʻana o nā wahine i pinepine i ka pō. Aia ia i ka hana o nā hulahula kūikawā na nā kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi ka paʻi ʻana me ko lākou mau lālā. Ma hope o ke kāne e hiki ai i kona mau lālā i ke poʻo o ka wahine, hoʻololi ʻia ka wai o ka seminal. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, make ka hapa nui o nā kāne mai ka huna ʻino o ka wahine.
ʻO ka manawa o ka male ma ka hopena o ke kauwela kau, ka hoʻomaka o ke kau. Hana ka wahine i ka cocoon mai ka pūnaewele, kahi e waiho ai i nā hua. Hiki i hoʻokahi cocoon ke loaʻa mai 3 a 7 haneli mau hua meli. I ka manawa mua, hoʻokomo ka wahine i kēia cocoon iā ia iho, a laila ʻike i kahi wahi mehameha a hūnā iā ia. Hūnā ʻo Cocoon i nā keiki o ka wā e hiki mai ana mai ka ua, ka makani a me ke anuanu. I ka puna, hoʻomaka nā spider mai nā hua manu. No kahi manawa pōkole aia lākou i loko o ka cocoon, a laila puka lākou i waho a hohola i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Kūʻokoʻa koke nā keʻa liʻiliʻi a alakaʻi i kahi nohona kaʻawale.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā spider i ka cocoon, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokaʻawale me ka hikiwawe loa. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke lilo i meaʻai no nā poʻe ʻelemākule, kahi ala e hoʻonui nui ai i ka manawa e ola ai.
Mea hoihoi: Ma muli o ka loaʻa o nā lālā ʻōpio a me nā nāwaliwali i nā ʻōpio hānau hou, i mea e kaʻawale ai kekahi i kekahi, hoʻohana lākou i kahi pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke lele a i kahi mau haneli mau kilomita, ke loaʻa ka makani.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā keʻa i nā kūlana hou. Ma muli o kēia huli pinepine lākou e nā mea aloha i nā ʻelele exotic o flora a me nā holoholona e like me nā holoholona. No kā lākou mālama pono ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi lawa kūpono o ka terrarium e hoʻolako i kahi no kahi cobweb nui nui.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka nananana
Kiʻi: Punawelewele kea wahine
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka crusader ma waena o nā mea punawelika weliweli, he ʻenemi kekahi ona. ʻO ia ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka likelika o ka ʻai ʻana e hana nui lākou i ka pō. Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻenemi nui o kēia laha o nā arthropods he mau manu, a pēlā pū kekahi me nā ʻelala - parasites. Ke kali nei kekahi mau ʻano nalo a me nā nalo no ka paʻa ʻana o ka nananana ma kāna pūnaewele i ke kakali ʻana i ka mea e hiki mai ana, lele aʻe iā ia a kau koke i nā hua i kona kino.
Ma hope iho, ʻike ʻia nā larva parasite mai iā lākou, ka mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hānai i ka ʻaoʻao o ka nananana. Ke piʻi ka nui o nā parasites, ʻai pono lākou i ka nananana i ke ola. Heʻuʻuku ka nui o nā Crusaders, kahi e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo lākou i waiwai pio na nā arachnids ʻē aʻe nui aʻe. Hoʻopili pū nā ʻenemi o nā crusaders i kekahi amphibians, e like me nā moʻo a i ʻole nā toads.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka punawelewele;
- salamanders;
- ʻalalā;
- iguanas;
- rana;
- hedgehogs;
- nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa;
- na naonao
ʻAʻole kaʻenemi kaʻenemi o ka nananana. Akā, ʻo nā crusaders i kekahi mau hihia hiki ke hōʻeha i ke olakino kanaka. He mea maʻamau ʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua. Ke hui nei me kahi kanaka, holo kuhi kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o nā arthropods e peʻe. Eia naʻe, inā ʻike lākou i ka weliweli, hoʻouka lākou. Ma muli o ka nahu, ʻaʻole e make kahi kanaka olakino makua, akā naʻe, e ʻike ʻo ia i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka loli o ka noho maikaʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka hopena o ka nahu kea ka ʻeha, dizziness, nausea, ka luaʻi, ka pehu ʻana, ke kākoʻo ʻana o ka pūnaewele nahu. ʻO ka pinepine, nalowale nā ʻōuli a pau ma luna me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Keʻa Spider
I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia ka punawelewele, he ʻelele maʻamau loa ia o nā arachnids. Noho ia i ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoʻohui ka punawelewele i ka nui o nā subspecies o nā nananana. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kekahi o lākou ma luna o kahi ʻāina nui, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe kahi i kaupalena ʻia i kahi e noho ai. ʻO kahi laʻana, noho wale ka punawelewele wolf hawaiʻi ma ka panalāʻau o ka mokupuni ʻo Kautai.
ʻO ka punawelewele, kahi i kapa ʻia e ka ʻepekema, ʻo ia ka ʻīlio haʻihaʻi, ua pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻāina holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa. ʻAʻohe papahana kūikawā a me nā hana i manaʻo ʻia e mālama a hoʻonui i ka helu o nā arthropods.
I nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, he crusaders ka poʻe ma ke ʻano he holoholona exotic i kahi terrarium. Crusader punawelewele he ʻāpana hoʻohui o ke kaiaola. Kuhi hewahewa ka poʻe he nui inā inā he mea ʻino ka ʻenemi a i ʻole ke kumu lāʻau. He kuhi hewa ia. Pono ke kanaka e hoʻomaopopo inā inā he loulou koʻikoʻi e like me ka nalo ʻana o nā nananana, e hōʻino ʻia ka honua i ka biosfir o ka honua.
Lā paʻi: 06/21/2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 13:34
