ʻEkope a i ʻole ʻEulopa huakaʻi hele pipi - he holoholona luku i ke kenekulia 16, ʻo ia ka mua o kahi bipi kau maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano pili kokoke loa o nā bipi ʻāhiu kahiko i kēia lā ʻo watussi.
Ua noho nā huakaʻi i ka steppes hikina hikina a me nā steppes ulu lāʻau. I kēia lā ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he heluna nui loa o ka poʻe i nalo aku mai ka maka o ka honua. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o kēia mau holoholona hihiu ka ʻimi holoholona a me nā hana hoʻokele waiwai o nā kānaka. ʻO ka poʻe hope loa o ka lāhui i make ma muli o kahi maʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: huakaʻi Pipi
I nā palapala mōʻaukala kahiko, aia kekahi manawa he kikoʻī kikoʻī o nā holoholona pepeiaohao nui loa e like me ka bipi o kahi tur. ʻO kēia kou auerox reemu. Nui a nui nā wehewehe ʻana a me nā kiʻi o kēia holoholona hihiu nui. Me he mea lā, ʻo kēia holoholona ka kūpuna o ka bipi kauō i hope loa, i noho a laha i nā wahi āpau o ka nāhelehele, a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia AD.
Video: huakaʻi Pōpō
I ke kenekulia 16 mau loa, ua nalowale ke hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o ka huakaʻi hihiu. Aia nā māhoe o kahi holoholona make ma ka honua - nā bipi kāne ʻĀnia a me ʻApelika, bipi kūloko. ʻO ka noiʻi, nā mea hana, nā ʻike mōʻaukala like ʻole e kōkua i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka huakaʻi. I ka mua, aia he nui o nā huakaʻi ma ka honua. Ua emi mālie ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona a nalowale loa.
Loaʻa kēia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu:
- me ka hana hana a ka poʻe;
- me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā phenomena kūlohelohe;
- me ka wao nahele.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 15, 30 mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona pepeiaohao nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāina o Polani. Ma hope koke iho ua koe wale kekahi o lākou. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 16, ua make ka hiʻohiʻona hope loa o ka huakaʻi hihiu e kū nei i kona wahi maoli. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena o ia ʻano pōpilikia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i make nā mea hope loa ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka, akā mai kahi maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia ma o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu mai ko lākou mau kūpuna mai.
Ma hope o ka Ice Ice, ʻo ka huakaʻi bipi nunui ka holoholona nui loa heofed, e like me ka mea i maopopo leʻa ʻia e ke kiʻi o kahi bipi. I kēia lā, ʻo ka bison hihiu ʻEulopa wale nō ke kūlike me kēia nui Mahalo i ka noiʻi ʻepekema kikoʻī a me nā wehewehe mōʻaukala he nui, hiki ke wehewehe pololei i ka nui, ka helehelena a me ka hana maʻamau o nā huakaʻi pau. Akā ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hana hou i ka holoholona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Huakaʻi bipi holoholona
Ua hōʻoia nā kānaka noiʻi he holoholona nui ka huakaʻi bipi. He kino ʻeleʻele, muscular kona, ua piʻi kona kiʻekiʻe i 2 mau mika. Hiki i ka bipi makua ke kaumaha ma luna o 800 kg. He holoholona ikaika ia, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i nā mea mae ke hiki i 1.8 m. Ua pāpale ʻia ke poʻo haʻaheo me nā pepeiaohao ʻoi loa, a 1 m ākea ka laulā, kuhikuhi ʻia i loko. Hāʻawi kēia i ka bipi i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻoweliweli weliweli. ʻEleʻele nā mākua me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma ke kua. ʻO nā wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula i ke kala.
Aia ʻelua mau ʻāpana o nā bipi hihiu: ʻInia a me ʻEulopa.
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano bipi o ʻEulopa ka ʻoi aku ka nui a kaumaha o ka paona. ʻO ia nō ke kūpuna o nā bipi kūloko nani o kēia mau lā e hāʻawi i ke kanaka i nā keu pono he nui. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka huakaʻi ka hoʻi ʻana i hope. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena i hoʻoilina ʻia e nā bipi Sepania.
He hū liʻiliʻi kā nā wahine o ka bipi kahiko i hūnā ʻia i ka huluhulu mānoanoa. Hānai a hānai hou ʻia ka mea kanu lāʻau e like me nā bipi kūloko a me nā bipi aloha maluhia, akā ua ʻike ʻia e ka ikaika a me ka mana nui. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou i ka hiki ke kū kūʻē i kekahi ʻenemi a pale i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO Tur, a i ʻole nā bipi hihiu kahiko, he nui nā ʻano maikaʻi i kōkua iā ia i kāna hakakā ʻana no ke ola.
- hoʻomanawanui;
- he ʻaʻahu mānoanoa ka holoholona a hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo anuanu maikaʻi;
- unpretentiousness;
- ua ʻai nā huakaʻi i ka pā.
- hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi;
- ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi nā holoholona i nā ʻano ʻāina a i nā panalāʻau paha. I ka wahi nahele, manaʻo nui lākou i waena o nā kumulāʻau a me nā nāhelehele; i ka steppe, hiki i nā holoholona ke kūʻokoʻa i ka neʻe a me nā pūʻā nui;
- ke kūpaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi;
- ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā pōʻai e kūʻē i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi āpau, nā mea i kōkua i ke ola kiʻekiʻe o nā keiki;
- momona;
- hānau nā wahine o ka auroch i mau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hāʻawi kēia i ka ulu maikaʻi o nā holoholona ma loko o ka nohona holoholona;
- maikaʻi ka momona o ka waiū;
- momona loa nā wahine, hānai waiū. ʻAe kēia i nā keiki bipi e ulu ikaika, kū i ka maʻi a me ka maʻi.
Ma hea i noho ai ka huakaʻi bipi?
Kiʻi: Huakaʻi Pipi ʻAhiu
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka tur i ka wā kahiko ka mau ʻāpana steppe a me nā savannahs. A laila pono ʻo ia e hoʻomohala i nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau, kahi e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke palekana aʻe a loaʻa ka lawa o ka meaʻai na lākou.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, makemake nā pūʻā bipi ʻāhiu e noho i nā wahi momona. Ua loaʻa i nā kānaka kālaiʻike o kēia au ka nui o nā iwi bipi i ka teritori o Obolon a me Polani. Ma laila, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka make ʻana o ka lunamakaʻāinana hope loa o kēia heluna kanaka mai kahi maʻi maʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai o ka huakaʻi bipi?
Kiʻi: holoholona hele huakaʻi
ʻO ka bipi kahiko he lau nahele wale nō.
ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea āpau i hele mai i kāna ala, kāna meaʻai:
- mauʻu hou;
- wana ʻōpio o nā kumu lāʻau;
- lau a me nā kumulāʻau.
I ke kauwela, ua lawa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā bipi e ulu ana i nā ʻāpana steppe. I ka hoʻoilo, pono i nā holoholona e hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo i nā ulu lāʻau e hānai iā lākou iho a make ʻole i ka pōloli.
I ka pili ʻana i ka nāhelehele hana, emi a emi iho ka mea kanu mea kanu, no laila, ʻoi aku ka pinepine i ka wā hoʻoilo, pono e pōloli nā huakaʻi. Ua make ka hapa nui o lākou no kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka nele i ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: huakaʻi Pipi
Ua alakaʻi nā huakaʻi ʻāhiu i kahi nohona holoholona, kahi o ka poʻo mau ka wahine. Noho mau nā ʻōpua ʻōpio i kahi pipi ʻokoʻa, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hele manuahi, leʻaleʻa i ko lākou wā ʻōpio a me ke kūʻokoʻa. Ua makemake nā poʻe kahiko e hoʻi i ka hohonu o ka nahele a noho kaʻawale loa mai nā mea āpau, i ka hāmau o ko lākou mehameha. Noho nā wahine me nā bipi keiki i ka hohonu o ka ululāʻau, e pale ana i nā keiki mai nā maka prying.
I nā mele Lūkini lāhui, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka huakaʻi ma nā epics kaulana e pili ana iā Dobryna a me Marina, e pili ana iā Vasily Ignatievich lāua ʻo Solovy Budimirovich. I nā hana Slavic kahiko, he ʻano huna ʻole ka bipi i hiki mai i ka manawa Kalikimaka. I nā moʻolelo kahiko o Roma a me nā hana hoʻomana haipule ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia kiʻi o ka bipi o ka huakaʻi ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka ikaika, ka mana a me ka invincibility.
Ua waiho nā huakaʻi hele a ahiu i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi a me nā keiki pono o lākou iho. Hānai nā lāhui pipi o kēia manawa i ke kanaka me ka waiū a me kaʻiʻo, ke kumu o ka ʻoihana meaʻai a puni ka honua.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Huakaʻi Hele
Ua heleleʻi ke ala o nā huakaʻi i nā mahina kau mua. Ua hakakā mau nā kāne i kahi hakakā ikaika e loaʻa kahi wahine. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ua pau kēlā mau kaua i ka make no ka hoa paio nāwaliwali. Ua hele mau ka wahine i ka holoholona ikaika loa.
Ua mālama ʻia ke ʻano keiki i nā mahina puna. ʻO ka wahine hāpai, ke ʻike nei i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka hānau keiki, hoʻomaha i ka hohonu o ka ululāʻau ulu, kahi i kū ai ka pēpē. Ua hūnā a pale ka makuahine i kāna keiki mai nā ʻenemi kūpono a mai ka poʻe no kekahi mau pule. Inā kū ka hānau keiki ma kahi lā ma hope, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke ola i ke kau anuanu a make lākou.
ʻO nā kāne pinepine o nā auroch i hoʻopili me nā bipi kūloko. A ʻo kahi hopena, hānau ʻia nā keiki bipi hānai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke olakino a make koke.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka bipi a puni
Kiʻi: huakaʻi Pipi
He holoholona ikaika a ikaika hoʻi nā mākaʻikaʻi, hiki ke kū i kēlā me kēia meʻa. No laila, i ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenemi. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā bipi kāne ke kāne. ʻAʻole i kū ka ʻimi mau ʻana i nā huakaʻi no nā kenekulia he nui. He makana nui ka bipi hihiu i luku ʻia.
Hiki i ka ʻiʻo o ke kupapaʻu nui ke hānai i kahi nui o ka poʻe. Nui nā kaʻao laudatory i ka mōʻaukala e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka hanohano kahiko i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā bipi kāne, lanakila iā lākou me ke kōkua o nā mea kaua a i ʻole ke akamai, e loaʻa ana ka hulu waiwai a me ka nui o kaʻiʻo.
Ua mālie nā huakaʻi a i ka manawa like nā holoholona kolohe. Hiki iā lākou ke pale me nā mea hōʻole. ʻO ka make nui o nā bipi hihiu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka poʻe. Ua hoʻāʻo ke kanaka e hoʻopakele i nā holoholona i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e pale, mālama, hānau ma ka home a ma ka nāhelehele. Ua hānai ʻia lākou i ka hoʻoilo, e hāʻawi ana i ka mauʻu i nā hale ulu lāʻau a me nā ʻāina. Akā makehewa nā hana a pau a ke kanaka, ua emi a emi a emi loa ka heluna kanaka o nā bipi hihiu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Huakaʻi Pipi Pau
I nā wā prehistoric, ua loaʻa ka huakaʻi ma nā wahi a puni ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ka Caucasus a me India. Ma ka ʻāina ʻApelika a ma Mesopotamia, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā holoholona ma mua o ko mākou wā. I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ua hui lōʻihi nā huakaʻi, a hiki i ke kenekulia 16.
Eia kekahi ʻano o ka huakaʻi Eurasia:
- Bos primigenius namadicus - Huakaʻi India;
- Bos primigenius africanus - huakaʻi ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Ua kōkua ʻia ka luku ʻia o ka lehulehu e ka deforestation nui ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka holomua a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana lāʻau ma loko o ka ʻāina.
Ma ke kenekulia 14, noho wale nā huakaʻi i nā wahi liʻiliʻi a me nā ululāʻau mamao e waiho ana i nā panalāʻau o Belarus hou, Polani a me Lituania. Lawe ʻia nā bipi kauō ma lalo o ka pale o nā kānāwai o kēia mau ʻāina a noho ʻia me he holoholona lā i loko o ka pā aliʻi i pale ʻia. I ke kenekulia 16, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi kokoke i Warsaw, ma kahi o 20 mau poʻo.
Kiaʻi pipi hele huakaʻi
Kiʻi: Huakaʻi bipi holoholona
I kēia lā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mamo hanauna o ka auroch ma Sepania a i ʻAmelika Latin paha. Ua like like lākou me ko lākou kūpuna i ka ʻikepili kūwaho, akā ʻo ke kaumaha a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā keiki he haʻahaʻa loa ia.
Me ka emi ʻana o ka nahele, ua emi pū ka helu o ka tur. Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi pāpā piha loa ma ke kī ʻana i ka holoholona. Akā ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hoʻopakele i ka heluna kanaka mai ka nalowale ʻana a ua nalowale ka huakaʻi bipi e nā kānaka i kahi kokoke i 16 kenekulia mau loa, e komo ana i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano i nalowale loa mai ka maka o ka honua. I Sepania a me nā ʻāina Lākina ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hakakā nā bipi kauō, nā ʻohana o nā huakaʻi, i hānai nui ʻia ma nā mahiʻai kūikawā. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ke komo demonstrative i nā hōʻike bullfighting, i makemake nui ʻia i kēia mau panalāʻau.
Ma ke ʻano o ko lākou kino a me ka helehelena nui, like nā bipi kaua me ko lākou ʻohana hihiu, akā ʻokoʻa loa ke kaupaona, kahi e hōʻea ʻole ai i ka 0,5 tone a me ka ulu ʻana - ma lalo o 1.5 m, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ko lākou mau kūpuna. Hōʻike ʻia ka turboby ma ka lole pale kaua o Moldova i kēia manawa, ma nā kapa komo o nā kūlanakauhale e like me ka Lithuanian Kaunas, ke kūlanakauhale Ukrainian o Turka ma ka moku ʻo Lviv.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka huakaʻi i nā moʻolelo Slavic folk, kona inoa "ola" i nā ʻōlelo, nā ʻōlelo noʻeau, nā epics a me nā hana maʻamau o Ukraine, Russia, Galicia i ola a hiki i kēia lā. I nā mele ʻōiwi o Ukraine, haʻi pinepine ʻia ka huakaʻi i ka mele male a me nā mele, nā mele a me nā pāʻani kanaka.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe ʻepekema me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e hoʻowalewale i ka analogue o ka bipi o ka pōʻai, a he mana nui kona a me ka ikaika o ke kino. Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hana i kēia. Huakaʻi hele kauō Mālama pono ʻo ia i kāna mau mea huna, ʻaʻole hōʻike i kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka huila o ka mōʻaukala. No laila, pono ka poʻe e kamaʻilio me kēia lilo kaumaha o ka huakaʻi pipi a mahalo i kēia pilikua kahiko no kā lākou bipi aloha, ʻano a maikaʻi hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 23.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 22:30
