He holoholona e like me kakā (lat. Dama) no ka ʻohana dia. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i nā dia fallow ʻEulopa, akā e pili ana hoʻi i nā dia ʻEulopa. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia holoholona hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi holoholona. A ua hoʻohui ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "ʻEulopa" ma muli o ka loaʻa pinepine o nā dia fallow i kēia lā ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka pae ʻāina. ʻOiai e noho ana kēia holoholona ma Asia Uuku.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lan
I ka wā mua, ʻo ka wahi noho o nā dia fallow, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā ʻepekema, ʻo ia wale nō ma Asia. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, a ʻaʻole me ke komo ʻole o ke kanaka, ua hoʻomaka kēia artiodactyl e hōʻike i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻano laha mai ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ma laila ʻo ia i hele ai i ʻEulopa waena a me ʻEulopa ʻĀkau.
Video: ʻO Doe
Akā i kēia mau lā, nui ka ʻepekema e kūlike ʻole me kēia, no ka mea, ma ka Pleistocene, kahi o Kelemania i kēia lā, aia kahi doe A hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wahi o kēia holoholona i ākea ākea.
I kekahi manawa huikau ia me nā ʻano ʻāpana dia ʻulaʻula, Caucasian a i ʻole Crimean. Akā hewa kēia, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa kaʻawale ka dia fallow o ka ʻohana dia.
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻelua o kēia holoholona e paʻi koke nei:
- nā pepeiaohao ākea, keu hoʻi i ka wā e oʻo ai nā kāne makua;
- ke kala ʻālohilohi, ka mea i ʻikea ma ke kau mahana.
ʻO ke kumu o nā ʻano Dama Frisch ʻaʻole i wehewehe piha ʻia e nā ʻepekema. Akā i kēia manawa ʻo ka manaʻo nui ʻo ia kekahi o nā lālā o ka genus Pliocene, i kapa ʻia ʻo Eucladocerus Falc. He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ka dia fallow, pehea e kū ai kēia holoholona i waena o ka ʻohana dia holoʻokoʻa?
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Doe holoholona
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka helehelena a me ka nui o ka doʻa, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ka mea aʻe: ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia artiodactyl ma mua o kona ʻohana maʻamau ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā dia. A inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe iā ia me ka dia ʻulaʻula, a laila ʻaʻole ia e liʻiliʻi, akā e māmā pū kekahi.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i nā ʻano nui aʻe:
- nā lōʻihi mai 135 a 175 cm;
- aia kahi huelo liʻiliʻi, ma loko o 20 cm;
- hiki i ka ulu ʻana ke mae i 90-105 knm;
- ke kaumaha o nā kāne mai 70 a 110 kg;
- ke kaumaha o nā wahine mai 50 a 70 kg;
- ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua o 25 mau makahiki.
Akā inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka doe Iran, a laila hiki kēia holoholona i 200 cm ka lōʻihi, a i kekahi mau hihia i ʻoi aku.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka dia ʻulaʻula, ʻike ʻia ka dia fallow e kona kino muscular. Akā pōkole kona mau wāwae, akā ʻo ka ʻāʻī hoʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka dia fallow ʻEulopa mai kona pili Mesopotamian i kona mau pepeiaohao, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kahi ʻano spatula, hoʻonani ʻia me nā kualono ma nā kihi. Akā pili kēia mau mea āpau i nā kāne wale nō, ʻoiai he wahine liʻiliʻi ko nā wahine a ʻaʻole hoʻonui. Na lākou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka makahiki o ka holoholona, ʻoiai ke ʻelemakule ia, ʻo ka nui o kēia "hoʻonaninani" ma luna o ke poʻo.
Ke hiki mai ka puna, hoʻomaka nā kāne kāne kahiko e hoʻokahe i ko lākou mau pepeiaohao. Hana ʻia kēia ma ʻApelila. Ma hope koke o kēlā, ʻike ʻia nā pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi ma kahi like, kahi e ulu ai ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, koi ʻia nā pepeiaohao e kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea me kā lākou kōkua e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hakakā i nā mea ʻino. Akā i ʻAukake hoʻomaka lākou e ʻānai i kā lākou mau antlers ʻōpio ma nā kumu lāʻau. Ma ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻokō lākou i ʻelua mau pahu hopu: ʻili ʻia ka ʻili make, a hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu o ka pepeiaohao. I ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, ua hōʻea i kā lākou nui maʻamau.
Ma ke ala, i nā kāne, hoʻomaka lākou e ulu a ʻeono mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki. A hoʻolei iā lākou i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola. A hiki kēia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā dia fallow, no ka mea ke loli i loko o ka makahiki. I ke kauwela, huli ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka holoholona i ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a hoʻonani ʻia me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. Akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao lalo a me nā wāwae, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. Ke hiki mai i ka wā hoʻoilo, huli ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i brown brown.
I kekahi mau hihia, loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino ke kala like. Akā pinepine i ka hoʻoilo hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi doe ʻeleʻele. A lilo ka lalo i hina hina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa mai ka dia ʻulaʻula, i hoʻololi ʻole i kona kala.
Ma hea e noho ai ka dia?
Kiʻi: Faller dia i ka nahele
Ua loli ka nohona o ka Doe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Inā hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o Central wale nō, akā ʻo ʻEulopa Hema hoʻi, i kēia lā ua loli ka nui. Noho ʻia kēia mau panalāʻau e kānaka, no laila, lawe wale ʻia kēia mau holoholona me ka ikaika. No laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia mau ʻāpana o ke Kaiwaenahonua e like me Turkey, Helene a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Palani i pau i ka lilo i homeland o nā dia fallow.
Akā ʻo kēia wale nō kekahi o nā kumu e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai nā dia fallow i kēia lā ma Asia Uuku. Ua kōkua pū kekahi i ka loli. Ua lawe ʻia mai nā dia fallow i Sepania a me ʻItalia a me Pelekane Nui. ʻAʻole pili ka mea like iā ʻAmelika Hema wale nō, akā iā ʻAmelika ʻĀkau hoʻi. Aia nā holoholona hihiu o kēia mau holoholona i kēia manawa ma Australia a me New Zealand. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kēia lā wale nō, a laila pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me XIII-XVI, ua nalowale kēia holoholona mai nā panalāʻau he nui: Latvia, Lithuania, Polani. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kēia holoholona ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a ma Helene paha, a ma Sardinia hoʻi.
Aia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā dia fallow ʻEulopa a me Iran ʻaʻole wale i ka helehelena, akā i ka helu o nā holoholona. ʻO ka laha mua i kēia lā ua koho ʻia ma 200,000 poʻo. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia kiʻi, akā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 250,000 poʻo. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana me nā dia fallow o Iran, he mau haneli wale nō nā poʻo o kēia ʻano
He aha ka ʻai a ka doe?
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa wahine hāʻule
Makemake ka dia fallow e noho i ka wahi nahele, akā no laila aia he mau wahi ākea i ke ʻano o nā lau nahele nui. Pono kēia holoholona i nā laʻalāʻau, nā mānoanoa, kahi mauʻu nui. Pili ia i ka ruminant herbivorous type, no laila, hoʻohana wale ia i kahi papa mea kanu e like me ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole pili kēia i ka mauʻu wale nō, akā i nā lau a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, a i ka ʻili pū kekahi. Akā, ua nau wale ʻia ka ʻili de fallow ma ke ʻano he hope loa, ke hiki ʻole i ka hoʻoilo ke hele i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
I ka puna, hoʻohana ka dia fallow i nā snowdrops, corydalis, a me anemone i meaʻai. Makemake pū ka holoholona i nā wana ʻōpio o ka ʻoka ʻelua a me ka maple. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i kāna papaʻai me nā lālā pine. Akā i ke kauwela, hoʻonui nui nā mea hiki i nā huahana meaʻai, a hiki i nā dia fallow ke hoʻohana i nā momona, nā hua a me nā acorn i meaʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole wale nā cereala, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia nā legume.
Ma waho aʻe o ka meaʻai, pono i kēia holoholona i kekahi lako o nā minelala. No kēia kumu, hiki i nā ʻāpana o nā dia fallow ke neʻe e ʻike i nā ʻāina momona i ka paʻakai.
ʻAʻole pinepine ia me ke kōkua ʻole o ke kanaka ma aneʻi, no ka mea pono kēia mau holoholona e hana i nā liko paʻakai. A inā hāʻule ka hau he nui i kahi ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia, pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka mauʻu. No ka hānai ʻana, hana pinepine nā huntsmen i nā mea hānai me ka palaoa. Hana ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nāhelehele, kahi i lūlū ʻia me nā mauʻu like ʻole āpau i ke ʻano o ka clover a me ka lupine. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i ʻole e neʻe ka dia fallow i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻAha lau nahele
Hoʻololi ka nohona dia i nā kau. I ke kauwela, hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻokaʻawale. Akā i kekahi manawa nalowale lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻOi loa kēia inā ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka meaʻai. Kū kokoke mau kahi makahiki hoʻokahi i ko lākou makuahine, e hoʻāʻo nei ʻaʻole e haʻalele i kahi ʻē. Hoʻonui ka hana a nā holoholona i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, ke wela ʻole ke anilā. A laila hānai pinepine lākou, i kēlā me kēia manawa e hele ana i ka lua hoʻoinu.
ʻOkoʻa iki ke ʻano o ke dia fallow ʻEulopa mai nā dia ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole hilahila ka dia fallow, a ʻaʻole ia he ʻokoʻa loa me ke akahele. Akā i ka ʻōlelo o ka wikiwiki a me ka dexterity, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa iki kēia holoholona i nā dia. I ka wela o ka lā, hoʻāʻo kēia mau artiodactyl e hūnā i kahi o ka malu. Hoʻomoe lākou i ko lākou mau moena i loko o nā ululāʻau kokoke i ka wai. ʻOi loa kahi i nui ʻole ai ka namu huhū. Hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka pō.
Makemake nā kāne e noho kaʻawale no ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, a hui pū me nā holoholona i ka hoʻoilo wale nō. A laila lilo ke kāne i alakaʻi no ka ʻohana. ʻO kahi hui o nā dia fallow he mau wahine me ka ulu ʻōpio. ʻAʻole hana kēia mau holoholona i nā neʻe koʻikoʻi, hoʻāʻo lākou e mālama i hoʻokahi ʻāina wale nō. ʻO ka maʻa mau loa e maʻa i ke alo o kahi kanaka. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou hoihoi, no laila, aneane loaʻa koke iā lākou nā hānai i lako pono no ka hoʻoilo.
Hiki iā lākou ke komo manuahi ma lalo o kahi uhi. Akā no ka ʻōpiko piha, kūpono ʻole kēia holoholona, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ke pio. ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ma muli o ia mea hiki ke lohe i kekahi neʻe i kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Cub o kahi dia fallow
ʻOiai he kaʻawale nā kāne a me nā wahine no ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ka male ʻana ma waena o lākou i ka hāʻule. Hana ʻia kēia ma Kepakemapa a i ʻole i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ʻOkakopa. Kēia wā i loko o ke ola o ka fallow dia manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā hanana hoihoi loa, no laila, pono e hoʻonui ʻia i kekahi mau mea nui.
- kipaku aku nā kāne kāne ʻelima mau makahiki i ke kāne ʻōpio fallow deer mai ka lāina o nā fallow deer e hana i kā lākou "harem":
- hauʻoli nā kāne, makemake nui e hānau hou, hauʻoli i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka e hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā kani guttural, e pā ana i ka honua me ko lākou mau māʻi;
- ma waena o nā kāne pīhoihoi he mau hoʻokūkū ʻino hoʻi no nā wahine ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lilo wale i ko lākou mau kiwi, akā e uhaʻi hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāʻī;
- ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka kahi hanana kupaianaha - kahi male dia, ke hoʻopuni ʻia kēlā me kēia kāne e nā wahine.
Hiki i nā hoʻokūkū ke hana ʻino loa, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea makemake e ʻae. A ke hana pinepine nei ua make nā hoa paio ʻelua i kahi kaua. Hāʻule lākou i ka honua, hoʻopaʻa paʻa kekahi i kekahi me ko lākou pepeiaohao.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā pāka, a laila pono he 7 a 8 paha mau kāne no 60 mau wahine, ʻaʻole hou. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, ke pāʻani ʻana i ka "male", haʻalele nā kāne a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokaʻawale. Hiki iā lākou ke hui pū inā paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka wā o nā hoʻokūkū a me nā "male" e mau ana kahi lōʻihi - a hiki i 2.5 mau mahina. Mālama nā dia fallow hāpai i ka pā. Akā ma mua pono o ka hānau ʻana, haʻalele lākou iā ia, a kaʻawale lākou.
He 8 mau mahina o ka hāpai ʻana. A i ke kauwela wale nō, ke kū hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau bipi keiki, hoʻi pū ka wahine me lākou i ka pūʻā. ʻAi ka cub i ka waiū no ʻaneʻane 5-6 mau mahina, ʻoiai mai ka ʻehā mau pule o ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e omo i ka mauʻu iā ia iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā dia fallow
Kiʻi: Fallow deer and cub
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka dia fallow kahi artiodactyl herbivorous, no laila, hiki i nā predators like ʻole ke hoʻoweliweli i kona ola. Akā nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina i kēia ʻano dia ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe, inā haʻalele ia i ka palena o kāna pae, he kakaikahi loa ia. No laila, maʻamau mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻenemi like.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea weliweli e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi kūlohelohe:
- hau hohonu, kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ka dia ke neʻe ma muli o kona mau wāwae pōkole;
- neʻe ma ke ala like, i hiki ai ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hoʻohālua;
- ʻo ka maka maka ʻilihune, no laila, ʻo ka mea ʻaihue, ke kali nei, he hōʻeha wale mai kahi hoʻohālua mai;
- he mau ʻano holoholona ʻānō e alualu i nā dia.
I waena o nā mea hōkai, ʻo ka mea weliweli loa no kēia ʻano dia ka lōlō, nā lynxes, nā puaʻa hihiu, a me nā bea ʻeleʻele.
ʻAʻau maikaʻi ʻo Doe i ka wai, akā hoʻāʻo naʻe ʻaʻole e hele ma laila. A inā hoʻouka kahi mea hōkai ma kahi o kahi wai wai, hoʻāʻo lākou e heʻe i ka ʻāina. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pakele i ka wai.
Akā, mai poina e pili ana i ka ʻōpio, ka mea hoʻoweliweli ʻaʻole wale e kēia mau mea hōkai. ʻO nā keiki Doe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i hōʻike wale ʻia mai nei, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ʻaʻole wale e nā ʻalopeke, akā me nā ʻalopaka. Hiki i nā kāne ke kūʻē i nā mea ʻaihue me kā lākou pepeiaohao. Akā pale ʻole nā cubs a me nā wahine. ʻO ka lele wale nō ke ala e pakele ai. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke lele ma luna o nā pale āpana ʻelua mika. Ma waena o nā ʻenemi, hiki i kekahi ke kapa i kahi kanaka i maʻa i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Lan
Mahalo i nā hana a ke kanaka, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli ʻino no nā dia fallow o ʻEulopa i kēia lā. Hana ʻia nā ʻano nohona maikaʻi no kēia mau holoholona. Nui nā māla ʻimi holoholona kahi e hiki ai i ka dia fallow ke alakaʻi i kahi ola semi-home. ʻO nā holoholona semi-hihiu kekahi maʻamau, e noho nei i nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi pā nui. I nā pāka nui, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli iā lākou, e like me nā mea hihiu ʻāhiu. Aia nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ia mau holoholona.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka ballast ecological, i kekahi mau wahi kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka nui o nā dia fallow ma mua o ka maʻamau, ʻae ʻia e kī iā lākou. Akā hana ʻia kekahi e neʻe wale ʻia nā holoholona keu i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi mau ʻāina e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā dia fallow o ʻEulopa. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no Farani, kahi i nui ai kēia mau holoholona ma mua. ʻO ka pilikia nui ka hiki ʻole loa o kēia laha ke hele aku me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana dia. I kekahi mau manawa ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hybridization, akā ua kūleʻa lākou. Akā aia kekahi ʻaoʻao maikaʻi i kēia, no ka mea, mālama ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī.
I nā manawa āpau, manaʻo ʻia ka dia fallow kekahi o nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona i ʻimi ʻia. Akā i kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ulu ia i nā panalāʻau o nā mahiʻai kūikawā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Polani he nui nā mahiʻai nui kahi e hānai ʻia ai nā dia fallow no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili. Ma waena o nā holoholona mahiʻai nui loa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi alakaʻi i kēia ʻāina mai ka makahiki 2002.
Kiaʻi kiaʻi
Kiʻi: puke Red Doe
Hiki i ke dia fallow ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole. He mea maʻalahi kēia e hānai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Norderney, aia ia ma ke Kai ʻĀkau. Me nā ʻano ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea āpau, ʻoiai he nui nā holoholona ma aneʻi. Ma ka liʻiliʻi no kēia manawa ʻaʻohe nīnau e pili ana i ka pale koʻikoʻi o kēia ʻano. Akā ʻo ka dia fallow Iran i loko o ka Red Book. Akā hiki i kēia ke hoʻololi i ka heluna lehulehu o Tureke.
I ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā dia fallow Iran i 50 mau kānaka. ʻO ka weliweli nui loa i kēia laha ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻio. No nā kenekulia he nui i ka Hikina, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona, a ua manaʻo ʻia kēia he leʻaleʻa punahele no nā poʻe hanohano wale nō. Mahalo i ka papahana pale, no ka mea ua hele mai kēia mau holoholona ma lalo o ka pale honua, i kēia manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā dia fallow Iran i 360 mau poʻo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa kekahi helu i nā zoo ʻokoʻa. Akā i ka pio ʻana, hana maikaʻi ʻole kēia ʻano deer fallow.
ʻOiai ʻae ʻia ke kī ʻana o nā dia fallow ʻEulopa i kekahi mau manawa, ʻaʻole pono e poina ka ʻaihue. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, nui nā holoholona i kahi moku semi-wild. A pepehi pinepine ʻia kēia mau holoholona ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo wale nō, akā e lawe wale i nā pepeiaohao, i lilo i kumuhana o ka hoʻonani kūloko. Akā ua loli ka nui i kēia manawa. A ʻoiai ʻo Iran wale nō ka i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book kakāPale pū ʻia ka ʻano ʻEulopa e nā kānāwai mokuʻāina.
Ka lā paʻi: 21.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 22:16
