Nambat - kahi marsupial kū hoʻokahi mai ʻAukekulia. ʻO kēia mau holoholona maikaʻi a ʻakaʻaka hoʻi e pili ana i ka nui o ka squirrel. Akā ʻoiai ke kino liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ko lākou alelo i ka hapalua o ko lākou kino, e ʻae ai iā lākou e ʻahaʻaina i nā kau, ʻo ia ke kumu o kā lākou papaʻai. ʻOiai ʻo nambats i waena o nā marsupial, nele lākou i ka ʻeke brood ʻano. Mālama ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi e ka lauoho wili lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Nambat
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Nambat i ko ʻEulopa i 1831. Ua ʻike ʻia ka anteater marsupial e kahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi i hele i ke awāwa ʻo Avon ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Robert Dale. Ua ʻike lākou i kahi holoholona nani i hoʻomanaʻo mua iā lākou i kahi squirrel. Eia naʻe, i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia, ua manaʻo lākou he anteater ʻuʻuku melemele kēia me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo o ke kua o kona kua.
Mea hoihoi: ua paʻi ʻia ka papa mua e George Robert Waterhouse, nāna i wehewehe i ka lāhui i ka makahiki 1836. A ʻo ka ʻohana Myrmecobius flaviatus i loko o ka ʻāpana mua o John Gould's Mammals o Australia, i paʻi ʻia ma 1845, me nā kiʻi a H.H. Richter.
ʻO ka nambat Australie, Myrmecobius flaviatus, ʻo ia wale nō ka marsupial e hānai ʻaneʻane i nā kauā a ola wale nō i ka hoʻokaʻawale palapala ʻāina o nā anaina. ʻO nā miliona o kēia hoʻololi ʻana ua hopena i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological a me nā anatomical, keu hoʻi ma muli o nā ʻano niho e paʻakikī e ʻike i kahi pilina o ka filogeneetic me nā marsupial ʻē aʻe.
Mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ke kaʻina DNA, hoʻonoho ʻia ka ʻohana Myrmecobiidae i ka marsupial dasyuromorph, akā ʻokoʻa ke kūlana kikoʻī mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka noiʻi. ʻIke ʻia ke kū hoʻokahi o Myrmecobius ʻaʻole wale i kā lākou ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻai, akā i kā lākou kaʻawale kūlana filogenetic.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: holoholona Nambat
He holoholona liʻiliʻi nā Nambat mai ka 35 a i ka 45 cm, me kona huelo, me kahi pūlima a me ka huelo, ka huelo, e like ka lōʻihi me ke kino. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka marsupial anteater 300-752 g.ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi alelo lahilahi a palu hiki ke 100 mm. ʻO ka lole komo o nā lauoho pōkole, coarse, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a hina hina-brown i hōʻailona ʻia me nā kaha keʻokeʻo he nui. Holo lākou i ke kua a me nā puʻupuʻu, e hāʻawi ana i kēlā me kēia mea i kahi hiʻohiʻona kū ʻole. Hoʻokahi ʻāpana pouli, hoʻokūkū ʻia e kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo ona, keʻa i ka maka a hele a puni nā maka.
Video: Nambat
ʻOi aku ka lauoho o ka huelo ma mua o ke kino. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka huelo i waena o nā Nambats. Nui ʻeleʻele ia i ke kala me nā splashes o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻalani-ʻalani ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo. Keʻokeʻo ka lauoho o ka ʻōpū. Kiʻekiʻena nā maka a me nā pepeiao i ke poʻo. ʻO nā wāwae o mua he ʻelima mau wāwae a ʻehā nā wāwae o ka hope. He mau māiʻu ʻoi loa nā manamana.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻaʻohe ʻeke a nā wahine e like me nā marsupial ʻē aʻe. Akā, aia nā pale o ka ʻili i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho gula pōkole, a me ka hulu.
I ka wā ʻōpio, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nambat ma lalo o 20 mm. Ke hiki i nā cubs i ka lōʻihi o 30 mm, hoʻomohala lākou i kahi papa downy māmā. Hōʻike ʻia nā kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 55 mm. Loaʻa iā lākou ka acuity ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o kēlā me kēia marsupial, a ʻo kēia ka manaʻo mua i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā mea hiki wawe. Hiki i nā Nambats ke komo i kahi kūlana o ka numbness, hiki ke hala i 15 mau hola i ka lā i ka hoʻoilo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nambat?
Kiʻi: Nambat marsupial
Ma mua, ua laha ka nambats ma ka hema o Australia a me kona mau komohana, mai ke komohana ʻākau o New South Wales a i ke kapakai o ka Moana ʻInikia. Noho lākou i kahi ululāʻau ʻaʻā a maloʻo a me ka nahele ākea o nā kumu pua a me nā laʻalāʻau o ka genera e like me ka eucalyptus a me nā lāʻau acacia. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa ka nambats i ka nui o nā wahi hānai e pili ana i nā lāʻau Triodia a me Plectrachne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hoʻēmi nui kā lākou pae mai ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma ka ʻāina nui. Ua ola kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻāpana ʻāina ʻelua wale nō ma ka Forest Forestandra a me ka Perup Wildlife Sanctuary ma Western Australia. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lawe hou maikaʻi ʻia ia i loko o nā wahi wao nahele pale ʻia, me nā ʻāpana o South Australia a me New South Wales.
I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa wale lākou i nā ululāʻau eucalyptus, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 317 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ma ka pali wai o ka pali mua. Ma muli o ka nui o nā kumulāʻau kahiko a hina, marsupial anteaters manaʻo he palekana ʻaneʻi. He mea nui ka ulu lāʻau mai nā ululāʻau eucalyptus i ke ola ʻana o nā holoholona. I ka pō, ʻimi ʻo nambats i kahi e pale ai i nā lāʻau hollow, a i ke ao hiki iā lākou ke peʻe i loko o lākou mai nā mea hōkai (ʻo ia hoʻi nā manu a me nā ʻalopeke) ʻoiai e hūnā ʻia i ka pouli o ka lāʻau.
I ka wā moena, hāʻawi nā lola i kahi wahi pūnana. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā kumulāʻau i nā ululāʻau e hānai i nā kauā, ka mea nui o kaʻai nambat. Kūleʻa nui ʻo Marsupial anteaters i ka hiki ʻana o nā kau kau ma ia wahi. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mea kolo i kaupalena ʻia ka nohona. I nā wahi i nāwaliwali a anuanu loa paha, ʻaʻole e noho nā anaʻī i nā helu kūpono a no laila ʻaʻohe nambats.
He aha ka ʻai a nambat?
Kiʻi: Nambat Australia
ʻO kaʻaiʻai nambat ka hapa nui o nā termite a me nā ants, ʻoiai lākou e ale pū kekahi i kekahi mau invertebrates ʻē aʻe. Ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā anaina 15,000-22,000 i kēlā me kēia lā, ua hoʻomohala nā nambats i kekahi mau ʻano morphological e kōkua iā lākou e hānai kūleʻa.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mux elongated e komo i nā lāʻau a me nā puka liʻiliʻi i ka lepo. Pilikia loa ko lākou ihu, a ʻike i ke alo o nā kauā e ka honi a me nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi i ka honua. ʻO kahi alelo lahilahi lōʻihi, me ka lawaiʻa, e ʻae i nā nambats e komo i nā paukū o nā anay a huki koke i nā mea kolo i paʻa i ka lawai pipili.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo ka lawaiʻa o ka anteater marsupial i hana ʻia mai kahi mau aʻa palahalaha ākea a paʻakikī hoʻi, a ʻo nā wāwae o mua a me hope hoʻi he mau koʻi ʻoi e hiki ke ʻeli koke i nā labyrinth o nā māpuna.
Aia nā 47 a 50 paha i nā kui ʻōpuʻu i ka waha ma kahi o nā niho pololei, e like me nā māmela ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ʻaʻole nāu i nā termite i nā nambats. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā anaina i kēlā me kēia lā e like me 10% o ke kaumaha o ke kino o kahi mākua marsupial anteater, e komo pū nā mea kolo mai ka genera:
- ʻO Heterotermes;
- Coptotermes;
- Nā Amitermies;
- Microcerotermes;
- Manawa;
- Paracapritermes;
- Nasutitermes;
- Tumulitermes;
- Nā Kūlana.
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, pili nā mahele o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka genus ma ia wahi. Ma muli o ka Coptotermes a me Amitermies nā ʻano nui o nā kau i ko lākou wahi maoli, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopau pinepine ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā nambats kā lākou makemake ponoʻī. Makemake kekahi mau wahine i nā lāhui Coptotermes i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, a hōʻole kekahi mau anteater marsupial e ʻai i nā ʻano Nasutitermes i ka wā hoʻoilo.
Mea hoihoi: i ka wā o ka papa ʻaina, ʻaʻole pane iki kēia holoholona i nā mea e hana nei a puni. I kēlā mau manawa, hiki i ka nambata ke hao a lawe ʻia hoʻi.
Hoʻohui pū ʻo Nambat i kona lā me ka hana termite e hilinaʻi ana i ka mahana i ka hoʻoilo mai ka wanaʻao a ke awakea; i ke kauwela ala ʻo ia ma mua, a i ka wā o ka wela o ke ao ke kali nei a hānai hou i ka ʻauinalā o ke awakea.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Nambat marsupial anteater
ʻO Nambat wale nō ka marsupial e hana piha ana i ka lā. I ka pō, hoʻi ka marsupial i kahi pūnana, i loko o kahi lāʻau, kahi hakahana o kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole kahi lua. He wahi puka ʻūlū kā ka pūnana, 1-2 mau mika ka lōʻihi, kahi e hoʻopau ai i kahi keʻena spherical me kahi moena lau nahele o nā lau, nā mauʻu, nā pua a me nā ʻāpala i haki. Hiki i ka Nambat ke ālai i ka wehe ʻana o kāna wahi moe me ka ʻili mānoanoa o kāna ʻōpala i mea e pale aku ai i nā mea ʻānai mai ke komo ʻana i ka lua.
ʻO nā mākua nā holoholona mehameha a me nā teritori. I ka hoʻomaka o ke ola, hoʻokumu kekahi i kekahi ʻāpana a hiki i ka 1.5 km² a pale iā ia. Hoʻopili ko lākou ala i ka wā hānau, ke lele nā kāne ma waho o kā lākou pae maʻamau e loaʻa ai kahi hoa. Ke neʻe nā nambats, neʻe lākou i nā jerks. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia kā lākou hānai ʻana i kekahi manawa e kālailai i ko lākou wahi a puni nā mea ʻaihue
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho i luna i ko lākou mau wāwae hope, nambats e hāpai i ko lākou mau kuʻemaka. Ke pīhoihoi a koʻikoʻi paha, piʻo lākou i ko lākou huelo ma luna o ko lākou kua a hoʻomaka e haehae i ko lākou huluhulu.
Inā hopohopo a hoʻoweliweli paha lākou, holo koke lākou, hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki o 32 km i kēlā me kēia hola, a hiki i kahi log hole a lua paha. Ke hala aʻe nei ka hoʻoweliweli, neʻe nā holoholona.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: holoholona Nambat
I ke kakali ʻana o ke kau moʻo, ʻo ia mai Kēkēmapa a Ianuali, hūnā nā kāne nambats i kahi mea aila mai kahi gland i loaʻa i ka umauma luna. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i ka wahine, hoʻolaha pū ka pilau i nā mea noi ʻē aʻe e noho mamao. Ma mua o ka male ʻana, hana nā nambats o nā kāne ʻelua i nā leo i loko o kahi kaomi o nā kaomi palupalu. ʻO ia mau haʻalulu leo ʻano maʻamau i ka wā hānau a i ka wā kamaliʻi ke kamaʻilio ka bipi keiki me ka makuahine.
Ma hope o ke kope ʻana, ka mea ʻokoʻa mai hoʻokahi minuke a i hoʻokahi hola, hiki i ke kāne ke haʻalele i ka wahine me kekahi wahine ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole noho i ka lua a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau male. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau hānau, haʻalele ka kāne i ka wahine. Hoʻomaka ka wahine e mālama pono i nā keiki ma kāna iho. ʻO Nambats nā holoholona polygamous a i ka wā aʻe e hele nā kāne kāne me kekahi wahine hou.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo Nambat nā pōʻaiapuni i nā manawa āpau, hana ka wahine i hoʻokahi ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mau kalapona estrous kāna i hoʻokahi wā hānau. No laila, ʻo nā wahine i hāpai ʻole a nalowale paha i kā lākou keiki hiki ke hāpai hou me kahi hoa ʻē aʻe.
Hana hou nā wahine i ka 12 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, a ua oʻo nā kāne i ka moekolohe ma 24 mau mahina. Ma hope o ka 14 mau lā hānau, hānau nā wahine ʻo Nambat i ʻelua a i ʻole ʻehā mau keiki i Ianuali a i ʻole Pepeluali. ʻO nā ʻōpala i kūkulu ʻole ʻia ma kahi o 20 mm ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi i nā nipples a ka makuahine. ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā marsupial, ʻaʻohe ʻeke a nā wahine nambats e hoʻonoho ai i kā lākou keiki. Akā, ua uhi ʻia kona mau nipples i nā lauoho gula i ʻokoʻa loa i ka lauoho keʻokeʻo lōʻihi ma kona umauma.
Ma laila, pale nā pēpē liʻiliʻi i ko lākou alo mua, pili i ka lauoho i ka momona o ka momona, a hoʻopili i nā nipples no ʻeono mau mahina. Aia a ulu nui lākou ʻaʻole hiki i ka makuahine ke neʻe maʻamau. I ka hopena o Iulai, ua kaʻawale nā pēpē mai nā nipples a hoʻonoho ʻia i ka pūnana. ʻOiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā nipples, hoʻomau lākou i ka hānai ʻana a i ʻeiwa mau mahina. I ka hopena o Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka nā nambats ʻōpio e forage iā lākou iho a haʻalele i ka lua o ka makuahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā nambats
Kiʻi: Nambat mai Australia
Loaʻa i nā Nambats kekahi mau hāmeʻa e kōkua iā lākou e pale i nā mea ʻino. ʻO ka mea mua, kōkua ka papahele nahele iā lākou e camouflage iā lākou iho, no ka mea kūlike ke kaʻe o ka anteater me ke kala. Kau ʻia ko lākou mau pepeiao pololei ma luna o ke poʻo, a nānā ko lākou mau maka i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i hiki ai i kēia mau mākua ke lohe a ʻike paha i ka poʻe ʻoluʻolu ʻole e hele mai ana iā lākou. Minamina, ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi, lilo lākou i māka maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue.
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano holoholona he nui e ʻimi holoholona nambats:
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula mai ʻEulopa;
- Kapeta pythons;
- Pākuʻi nui, ʻioʻi, ʻaeto;
- Nā pōpoki hihiu;
- ʻO nā moʻo e like me nā moʻo one.
ʻOiai nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻaihue, e like me nā ʻaeto liʻiliʻi, e kū ana i ka nui mai 45 knm a 55 knm, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā nambats.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻia o nā predator i nā wahi ulu lāʻau, ke emi wikiwiki nei nā poʻe nambat i ka ʻimi pinepine ʻia.
Inā ʻike ʻo nambats i ka makaʻu a i ʻole e hālāwai aku i kahi mea ʻino, hoʻomoʻa lākou a moe me ka neʻe ʻole a hala ka pilikia. Inā hoʻomaka lākou e alualu, holo lākou koke. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, hiki i nā nambats ke hoʻāʻo e pale aku i nā mea ʻino ma o ka hana ʻana i kahi ulu ulu. He mau leo leo kā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ke kani, a me ka namunamu, a i ʻole kani pinepine "kūmau" ke hoʻopilikia ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Nambat
Hoʻomaka ka heluna lehulehu o Nambat e hāʻule i ka waena waena o ka makahiki 1800, akā ʻo ka manawa o ka pau ʻana o ka wikiwiki i kū i ka wahi maloʻo i nā 1940 a me 1950s. Ua kūlike ka manawa o kēia hāʻule me ka lawe ʻana mai o nā ʻalopeke i ka ʻāina. I kēia lā, kaupalena ʻia ka heluna nambat i kekahi mau ululāʻau ma ke komohana hema o Australia. A ʻoiai he mau wā hāʻule i nā makahiki 1970 kahi o nā ʻano i nalowale mai nā wahi noho kaʻawale aku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka ʻona ʻalopeke koho ʻē aʻe mai ka makahiki 1983 i hele pū me kahi piʻi nui o ka helu o ka nambat, a ua hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻoiai me nā makahiki e hiki mai ana me ka ua liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā lehulehu i nā wahi i noho mua ʻia e nā Nambats i hoʻomaka ʻia ma ka makahiki 1985. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona mai ka nahele ʻo dryandra e hoʻopiha i ka Reserve Boyagin, kahi i pau ai nā laha i nā makahiki 1970.
Nānā pinepine ʻia nā ʻalopeke. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā lau ahi a me ka luku ʻana i ka nohona i ka hāʻule o ka heluna kanaka, kahi i hoʻohuli i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā loina i hoʻohana ʻia e nambats ma ke ʻano he puʻuhonua mai nā mea ʻaihue, no ka hoʻomaha a ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā anay. Hōʻike ka hana hou ʻana o nambats a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā keiki i ka hiki o nā marsupial anteater. I kēia lā aia ka waiwai nui no ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Kiaʻi Nambat
Kiʻi: puke Nambat Red
Helu ʻia ʻo Nambats i ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka emi ʻana o nā helu i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki (ma waena o 2003 a me 2008) ua hala ma mua o 20%. Ua hopena kēia i ka heluna kanaka nambat ma kahi o 1,000 mau mākua ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I nā ululāʻau o Dryand, hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o nā helu no nā kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka helu o nā kānaka ma Perup e kūpaʻa a hoʻonui paha. I nā wahi i hana ʻia ʻimi hoʻopunipuni ʻia, aia ma waena o 500 a me 600 mau kānaka, a kūpaʻa ka heluna kanaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa nā holoholona i loaʻa ma laila a no laila, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he palekana ko lākou ola.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi: ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o kekahi mau mea ʻino e like me nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula a me nā manu manu lele i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka heluna nambat. ʻO ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā lāpaki a me nāʻiole i mea e hoʻonui ai i nā pōpoki feral, kahi mea hoʻomake nui hou aʻe no nā anteater marsupial.
Ua lawe ʻia nā ana e mālama ai i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻoulu pio, nā papahana hoʻouluulu hou, nā wahi pale a me nā polokalamu ka ʻalopeke fox ʻula. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, lawe ʻia nā mea āpau e hoʻohuli i ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā hui ponoʻī i ʻeiwa mau makahiki, a ʻo ka helu i 4000 mau kānaka. ʻO nā hana ikaika e pale aku i kēia mau holoholona i kēia manawa ke kaʻina hou a koʻikoʻi e mālama i ka holoholona kū hoʻokahi - nambat, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā marsupial.
Lā paʻi: 15.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 21:24
