Puma - ka predator nui loa o ka manu o ka Honua Hou. I ka manawa i koho ʻia ʻo ia i waena o ka genus, kahi e pili ana i nā pōpoki maʻamau a me nā lynxes. Akā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like ia me kekahi a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i kahi genus kaʻawale. ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia holoholona ikaika a lokomaikaʻi ʻo cougar.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Puma
ʻO ka inoa o kēia predator mai ka ʻōlelo a ka Indians Peruvian. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo kēia lāhui i ka kaʻao he keiki nalowale ke cougar nāna i koho i ke ala hewa ʻole i ke ola. Maliʻa paha ua pili kēia ʻōlelo huna i ka ʻimi pinepine ʻana o nā cougars i nā holoholona.
ʻO kekahi inoa no ka cougar ka liona ʻAmelika. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa iā ia e nā poʻe noho mai ka Honua Hou. Haʻaheo ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ko lākou ʻano o ke ola, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo lākou i loko o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka makaʻu mau, kahi i kēlā me kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e kēia holoholona weliweli.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hoʻokomo ʻia ka cougar i ka papa inoa o nā mea i hoʻokō ʻia o ka honua a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Guinness Book of Records ma ke ʻano he holoholona i nui ka inoa. ʻO nā mokuʻāina ʻōlelo Pelekania wale nō i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau poʻo inoa o ka pōpoki aliʻi.
I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma luna o 25 mau ʻano o kēia mau holoholona. Akā i ka honua o kēia ao, ma ke kumu o nā hoʻokalakupua, he 6 mau ʻano wale nō i ʻike ʻia, a he 4 i hala ʻē.
- Puma pardoides;
- Puma inexpectatus;
- Puma pumoides;
- Puma trumani.
Noho nā subspecies ola Puma concolor a me Puma yagouaroundi i ʻAmelika. Ma mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā subspecies jaguarundi ma ke ʻano he moʻokiʻi ʻokoʻa Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike nā noiʻi ma ka pae genetical molekole i ka pilina pili loa ma waena o kēia mau laha, ma muli o ka hopena o nā ʻauhau ʻauhau o kēia manawa e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi ʻano like.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻohana ʻeleʻele cougar nā ʻike ʻepekema e pili ana i kona ola a he fiction paha ia. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, cougar kēia me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, a hiki ke kuhi hewa ʻia no ka ʻeleʻele mai kahi mamao.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi DNA hou aʻe ʻo ka pili loa o kēia mau pōpoki karnivorous ka cheetah. Hāʻawi kāna ʻano kino maʻamau iā ia i kahi kumu e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i kahi ʻohana kaʻawale ʻo Acinonychinae, akā ʻo kona pili pili loa me nā cougars ka mea i koi aku i ka cheetah e hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻohana o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Puma holoholona
He pōpoki hihiu nui loa ka cougar, ʻo ia ka lua o ka jaguar i ka nui ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā cougars ʻĀkau ma mua o nā mea hema.
- Ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 110 a 180 cm;
- Ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - mai 60 a 70 cm.;
- Ma kahi maloʻo - mai 60 a 85 cm;
- Kaona - mai 29 a 105 kg.
Nui ke kino o cougars, akā maʻalahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā paws wīwī ikaika me nā māiʻu ʻoiʻoi, ma ke alo me nā manamana wāwae he 4, ma ke kua 5, ma ka hope. Maʻalahi nā mākia hiki ke hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea pio a piʻi i nā kumulāʻau. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo a liʻiliʻi iki. Aia nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka maka a me nā pepeiao. Ikaika loa ka iwi ā a me nā niho, ʻae i nā iwi e haki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: Hoʻoholo ʻia nā makahiki o kahi cougar e kāna mau niho. Ma nā mahina 4, hū nā niho waiū a pau, a hāʻule koke i waho a 6-8 mau mahina e hoʻomaka ai e ʻoki. Ulu nā niho āpau i 1.5-2 mau makahiki. Me ka makahiki, wili a pouli lākou.
Hana ka huelo loloa a ikaika hoʻi ma ke ʻano he kaulike ke lele. Hiki i kahi pōpoki hihiu ke lele i 7 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a i 2 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona, hiki i nā liona mauna ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki o 50 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola ke ʻimi nei i nā mea pio.
Video: Puma
ʻAʻohe o kahi lauana mānoanoa a pōkole loa. ʻUlaʻula ka hulu, one i ke kala, e like me ke kala o ka liona. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka nui, ka nele o ka mane, nā kākini ma ka huelo a me ka ihu ʻākala. Aia kekahi ʻano keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē Cougar ke nānā ʻia, e like me ka lynx, me nā lole mānoanoa a palupalu hoʻi.
Wehe nā maka i nā maka 2 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I nā cougars hānau hou, polū ke kala o nā maka, akā ma hope o ʻeono mau mahina hoʻololi ʻia i ʻeleʻele a i ʻole amber. Hoʻomaka e haʻalele i ke kumu ma ka palule i ka makahiki o 9 mau mahina, nalowale nā stains a nalo loa i ka makahiki 2 mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka cougar?
Kiʻi: Mammal puma
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka cougar mai ka Rocky Mountains ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau a hiki i Patagonia ma ka hema. Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole, ʻokoʻa loa ka nohona o kēia mau mea ʻino - mai nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona mauna i nā ululāʻau uluāhā. Hūnā kēia mau holoholona a pale i nā wahi ākea.
Ma mua, ua noho nā cougars i nā wahi like ʻole o ʻAmelika, ʻo kā lākou laulā ka laulā ākea ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā māmela ʻē aʻe āpau o ka ʻāina. Akā ma muli o ka luku nui ʻana, ua haʻalele nā holoholona i nā wahi noho ma mua. Kūlike ko lākou mau wahi noho me kā lākou mea pio nui - dia. ʻO nā pae koho koho nui nā wahi no ka puʻuhonua a me ka nui o nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka laha o nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai kēia mau holoholona i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole i hāʻawi nā kamaʻāina iā lākou i nā inoa kūpono ʻole a i ʻole nā mele mele. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau mea kōkua ma muli o ko lākou wahi noho. Kahi e noho ai kēia mea ʻona e pili ana i kona ʻano. Akā makemake lākou āpau i nā wahi me ka palena iki o ka ʻāina ākea a me ka hiki ke moe i ka hoʻohālua.
Ma muli o ka noho kaʻawale o nā pōpoki nui e ke kūlohelohe, koho nā kāne i mau panalāʻau nui no lākou iho, mai ka 20 a 50 mau mile kuea. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka koi o nā wahine a noho i nā wahi o 10-20 kilomika kilomika.
He aha ka cougar e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Puma puma
ʻO Cougar kahi mea ʻaihue e ke kūlohelohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o kāna mau makemake i kona hiki ke ʻai i kāna mea pio. Ma ka awelika, ʻai lākou a hiki i ka 1,300 kg o kaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma kahi o 48 ungulate.
Huli ʻo ia i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona:
- dia;
- nā moʻo;
- nā bipi kauō;
- beavers;
- raccoons;
- ʻiole;
- manu liʻiliʻi;
- nahesa;
- hipa mauna;
- puaʻa hihiu.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā Cougars i nā holoholona mai nā holoholona hihiu, no laila, lilo nā hipa kāne, nā pōpoki, ʻīlio paha i mau mea hōʻeha no lākou. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻowahāwahā wale i kahi skunk, e ʻimi pū lākou i nā rana, nā mea kolo, a me nā nīnū. Hoʻokele pinepine nā Skunks i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mea kaua ʻaʻala a hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā cougars i kēia mau holoholona.
He holoholona koa koa nā liona mauna a hoʻouka pinepine i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou nui. ʻO ka mea mua, nānā lākou i ka mea pio mai ka puʻuhonua, sneak mālie, a laila lele i ka mea pio mai hope a haki i ka vertebrae cervical a i ʻole ke kui. ʻO ka holo wikiwiki a me nā hiki i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ke ʻae i ka cougar e alualu i nā ʻōpelu a hopu i nā moʻo i nā kumu lāʻau.
Nui ke aloha kēia mau holoholona. ʻAʻole loa lākou e hāʻawi i kahi ʻaina awakea hapa hapalua a ʻaʻole e kaʻana like. Hoʻi mau ʻo Cougars i kahi o ka pepehi kanaka, a hūnā paha i nā koena i ka hau a kanu iā lākou i nā lau i kahi mālama. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Cougars e holo ma hope o nā mea hōʻeha. Inā ʻaʻole e eo ka lele mua i ka mea pio, ʻaʻole alualu nā pōpoki i kā lākou mea pio no ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā Anteater, armadillos, coyotes, marmots, squirrels, nā pepelu, nā manu liʻiliʻi no nā liona ʻAmelika kahi maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻoluʻolu. I ka alualu ʻana i ka mea pio, nani ke nānā aku nā cougars a nani hoʻi i ka lele. Hānai maʻamau lākou i ka pouli, akā i ka lā wela makemake lākou e moe i ka lihi lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Cougar ahiu
ʻOiai he kūlohelohe nā cougars, a noho kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā mea nui. Kaha nā Predators i nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina me ka mimi, nā feces, a me nā notches ma nā kumulāʻau. E hoʻopili paha nā kuhi o nā kāne ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole komo nā kāne i kā lākou ʻāina ʻē aʻe inā manaʻo lākou he haku ko ka waiwai.
Hiki i nā pōpoki hihiu ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kaiapuni ma muli o nā kūlana. E hoʻāʻo lākou e haʻalele i nā wahi haole i ka wikiwiki a noho i kahi wahi manuahi. Hiki ke lōʻihi ke ala. No laila, ua hālāwai nā pumas mai Wyoming ma Colorado, a ʻo kēia ka hapalua tausani kilomita.
Hoomanawanui loa nā liona mauna a me nā holoholona hāmau. Inā piʻi ka Tiga i ka pahele e hoʻāʻo ana iā ia iho, e hoʻopau mālie ke cougar i ka pahele, ʻoiai inā he mau lā ke hala. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke kaʻawale mai nā kaulahao, e hāʻule ʻo ia i loko o ka melanoli a e moe hāmau ʻo ia me ka neʻe ʻole.
ʻAʻole hoʻouka ʻo Cougars i ka poʻe a hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo iā lākou i kēlā me kēia ala. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka haʻahaʻa i waena o ko lākou ʻano. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka cougar i ka huhū a hiki i ka wā e pōloli loa ana aia ia ma ke kaʻe o ka luhi a hoʻāʻo paha e pale i kāna keiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā Indians ʻAmelika ʻĀkau o nā cougars nā keiki a ka diabolō. ʻO ko lākou halulu ua haʻalulu i nā mea āpau me ka makaʻu. Akā ke kani nei kēia mau pōpoki i ke kani o kahi ʻaukā locomotive wale nō i kahi kūlana huhū, ke koena o ka manawa e pīpī lākou e like me nā pōpoki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Cougar Cub
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ke kau male ʻana o nā liona ʻAmelika - mai Kēkēmapa a Malaki. Hana nā kāne ma kahi o 2 mau pule, a laila haki hou. ʻO kēlā mau pōpoki wale nō kā lākou ʻāina ponoʻī e prone i ka hana hou. Hiki i nā kāne ke male me kekahi mau wahine e noho ana ma nā wahi kokoke.
I kēia manawa, kū nā hakakā no nā mea i wae ʻia ma waena o nā kāne me nā leo nui. Hoʻāʻo ka mea lanakila e uhi i nā wahine he nui mai loko o kā lākou kuka. Noho ka wela i 9 mau lā. I loko o ka wā moena, e like me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, kani nā cougars i nā leo naʻau kaumaha.
He 95 mau lā ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana. I hoʻokahi litter, hiki i ʻelua a ʻeono paha mau keiki ʻike ke ʻike ʻia, hiki i 30 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a hiki i ka hapalua kilokilo. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule ʻelua, wehe ka pēpē i ko lākou mau maka, pepeiao, a hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou mau niho mua. Me ka makahiki, nalo nā lauana o ke kino a me nā apo o ka huelo.
Ke nānā nei i nā ʻūlū makuahine i ka zoo, ua akāka ʻaʻole i ʻae nā wahine i kekahi e hoʻokokoke i nā keiki a ʻaʻole i ʻae iā lākou e nānā iā lākou. E mālama ʻia ka paʻi mua ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina, hānai ʻia nā pēpē me ka waiū o ka makuahine, a laila hoʻololi lākou i ka meaʻai paʻa.
Mālama ka makuahine i nā keiki a ʻelua mau makahiki, a ma hope e loaʻa i nā ʻōpio i kā lākou waiwai ponoʻī. No kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke mālama i kahi hui, akā hele kēlā me kēia i kā lākou ala ponoʻī. Mākaukau nā wahine no ka hānau ʻana ma 2.5 mau makahiki, nā kāne ma 3. Ma ka awelika, ola lākou i 15-18 mau makahiki i ka nāhelehele, i ke pio ʻana ma mua o 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka cougar
Kiʻi: holoholona Puma
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Cougars. Eia nō naʻe, makaʻu mau lākou i nā bea ʻeleʻele, jaguars, grizzlies, crocodiles, ʻeleʻele caimans, nā ʻāhi o nā ʻīlio hae a me nā alligators nui o Mississippi. Hiki i nā Baribals a me nā grizzlies ke pāʻina pinepine i ka mea i hopu ʻia o kahi cougar. Hoʻouka pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā cougars nāwaliwali, ʻelemakule a ʻeha hoʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi he kanaka nāna e hoʻopaʻa i nā pahele a me nā pahele no ka pumas, ke kī ʻana i nā pōpoki no ka loaʻa kālā. He holoholona wikiwiki loa ʻo Cougars a, inā hiki iā ia ke ʻalo i ke kī mai ka pū, a laila e ʻeha ka lōʻihi iā ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho, e kali mālie ʻo ia i ka mea hahai holoholona.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Pelekikena US Theodore Roosevelt i kahi kaiāulu no ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona, akā i ka manawa like ua ʻae ʻia ka luku ʻia o nā pumas me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole ʻia me ke kākoʻo o ke poʻo o ke kaiāulu zoological o New York. Ma hope o kēlā, ua luku ʻia he mau haneli mau liona mauna ma ʻAmelika.
Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ʻEulopa ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ua hoʻomaka ka luku nui ʻana o nā cougars ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea hōkai i nā holoholona me he kālā maʻalahi lā. Ua loaʻa i kekahi o nā subspecies ka inoa "fighter lio" ma kekahi mau mokuʻāina. A laila ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi no nā cougars me nā ʻīlio, e hoʻokele ana iā lākou i nā kumulāʻau, kahi e kī maʻalahi ai nā pōpoki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Predator cougar
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pumas ua pāpā ʻia ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā mokuʻāina āpau, ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā mahiʻai pipi, hoʻomau ka luku ʻia o nā liona ʻAmelika. Akā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou wahi noho ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ke kaiapuni, no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano nohona, nui ka nui o nā laha.
Ma ke kaʻe o ka luku ʻia i ka 20 kenekulia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka heluna o nā cougars ma ke komohana wale nō i kahi o 30 tausani mau mākua a hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana i ka mokuʻāina i ka hema a me ka hikina. Hoʻomaopopo ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi ʻāina i nā cougars e ulu i nā helu.
Ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā liona mauna, ua hōʻea ka heluna kanaka o ka cougar Florida i nā pae weliweli a ke hoʻoweliweli nei i kēia manawa. ʻO ka ʻimi haʻuki, ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā wahi kai a me ke kua ʻana o nā ululāʻau tropika i alakaʻi ʻia i ka make ʻana o nā laha. I ka makahiki 1979, aia ma kahi o 20 o lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana hou i nā hānau kūlohelohe a lawe ʻia nā pōpoki hihiu i lalo o ka pale.
ʻO ka ʻilihune o nā kumuwaiwai e alakaʻi i ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē me nā deviations a me nā deformities, a ʻo kahi hopena e emi ai ka pale a hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻalahi i nā maʻi. I kēia manawa, noho nā kānaka āpau i nā panalāʻau o ka mālama kūlohelohe Florida a ʻo ko lākou helu he 160 mau ʻāpana.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema aia ka cougar hikina, ʻōiwi no Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ka papa inoa make. Akā i nā makahiki 1970, ua loaʻa kekahi mau mākua ma ke kūlanakauhale o New Brunswick, a ua lawe koke ʻia i lalo o ka pale. No nā makahiki he nui ua mālama lākou i 50 mau kānaka.
Kiaʻi Pumas
Kiʻi: Puma mai ka Red Book
ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana o nā cougar i helu ʻia ma CITES Manaʻo I: Puma concolor couguar, Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis. Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana iā lākou i nā ʻāina āpau a i ʻole kaupalena ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana o nā kahu hānai a i ʻole nā mea pāʻani i kā lākou mahiʻai mai nā liona mauna ma ka luku ʻana i nā pumas e ʻimi holoholona ana.
Ua kākau inoa inoa ʻia ʻo Florida cougar Puma concolor coryi i loko o ka IUCN Red List a hāʻawi ʻia me ke kūlana Critical Condition. Aia ia ma lalo o ka kaohi paʻa, hana ʻia nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā wahi hoʻāno, kahi e kau ʻia ai nā lekiō e nānā i nā neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona. I nā zoo, he aʻa maikaʻi nā holoholona a hānau keiki.
Ke hana nei nā ʻepekema i ka hiki ke hele i nā laha o ka cougar Florida me nā mea i koe. Hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonoho hou i nā liona ʻAmelika ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole kēia kahi hana maʻalahi. Ke nalowale nei nā ululāʻau ʻo Florida i nā manawa he nui aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o, no ka laʻana, nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema.
Ke hoʻomaka nei nā hoʻāʻo e hānai i nā pōpoki hihiu e like me nā holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka palekana kanaka. ʻO ka poʻe e makemake e lawe i kahi holoholona exotic i loko o ka hale pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia mau predators mana a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻolohe i kekahi a he aloha kūʻokoʻa.
Puma - kahi mea maluhia e pili ana i ke kanaka. Ua hōʻoia lākou e hoʻohilahila i nā poʻe lōʻihi. ʻO nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka hoʻouka kaua he mau keiki a i ʻole he poʻe makaʻu e ʻauwana ana i ka ʻāina o ka liona mauna i ka pō. Ke hui nei me kahi holoholona, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e holo, e nānā i kona mau maka a ʻuwā.
Lā paʻi: 28.03.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 9:00
