Ua ʻike ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ʻEulopa i kipa aku i nā ululāʻau o ka Honua Hou i ke kenekulia 16 i ka like o nā pūliki o nā huluhulu ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻē ma ke poʻo o nā mōneka kūloko i nā mōneka Capuchin i nā ʻaʻahu ʻulaʻula me nā pāpale nunui. No laila lākou i hāʻawi ai i inoa iā lākou - ʻO Capuchin.
Na ka poʻe wili koʻokoʻo Victorian nā moʻo Capuchin i hulahula a ʻohiʻohi i nā moni. I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona me nā helehelena nani a me nā antics adorable i nā ʻano hōʻike like ʻole a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e like me Pirates of the Caribbean. Akā ʻo ka capuchin kaulana ʻo Marcel, ka ʻakaʻaka punahele a Ross mai nā Hoa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Capuchin
ʻEhā ʻano ʻāpana o nā mōneka o ka Honua Hou: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, a me Atelidae. ʻOkoʻa iki lākou āpau i nā ʻano he nui mai nā primata o ka Old World, akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa keu nui loa ka ihu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia hana e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no nā ʻīlio New World, Platyrrhini, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ihu pālahalaha. Pālahalaha aʻe ko lākou ihu, me nā ihu i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻokoʻa i nā ihu haiki o nā mōneka o ka Honua Kahiko.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā mōneka ʻAmelika he mau huelo lōʻihi a prehensile hoʻi. He mau holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia, e noho ana nā ʻano arboreal i nā kumulāʻau, a ʻeleu nā pō i ka pō. ʻAʻole like me ka hapanui o nā mōneka i ka Honua Kahiko, ʻo ka nui o nā mōʻī o ʻAmelika e hana nei i nā hui pākahi a hōʻike i ka hopohopo makua no ka hanauna ʻōpio.
Video: Capuchin
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka genus Capuchin ma ka latus Cebus. No ka huaʻōlelo Helene ʻo kêbos, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mōneka huelo lōʻihi. He ʻano ia i hui pū ʻia ma kahi o kanakolu mau mea lawelawe, i hui ʻia i ʻehā ʻano. Pili ia i ka ʻohana Cebidae (chain-tailed), nona nā ʻohana ʻelua - saimirs a me capuchins a he ʻano lāʻau.
ʻO nā pae o ka ʻauhau ʻauhau o ka genus ponoʻī e noho hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui loa ia, a me nā ʻano noiʻi ʻimi ʻē aʻe e hōʻike nei i kahi hoʻonohonoho hou.
I ka 2011, ua noi ʻo Jessica Lynch Alfaro e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā capuchins ikaika (ma mua ka hui C. apella) ma ke ʻano he ʻano kaʻawale, Sapajus. Ma mua, pili lākou i ka genus o nā capuchins aloha (C. capucinus). Wahi a nā noiʻi genetics i mālama ʻia e Lynch Alfaro, lokomaikaʻi (gracile) a ikaika (robust) ua loli ʻo Capuchins i kā lākou ulu ʻana ma kahi o 6.2 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka muliwai Amazon, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mōʻī ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai, a lilo ia i Capuchins hanohano, mai nā primates ma ka ululāʻau ʻAkelanika hema o ka muliwai, a lilo ia i Capuchins paʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Animal Capuchin
ʻO nā ʻīlio capuchin agile a wīwī hoʻi kaupaona wale ʻia nā 1.36 - 4.9 kg. ʻOkoʻa ka hulu mai nā ʻano a i nā ʻāpana, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā primates i kēia hui hiki ke ʻike ʻia me kahi kalima a i ʻole nā kala brown brown a puni ka maka, ka ʻāʻī a me nā poʻohiwi (hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala a me ke kumu i kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻEʻeleʻele ke koena o ke kino a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Ma ke kua o kahi Capuchin, pōkole ka lauoho a pōʻeleʻele hoʻi ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Mai ka keʻokeʻo a i ka poni ka helehelena o kēia peʻapeʻa nani. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo e kūlike i ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu a hiki i kekahi hapa ke hoʻopili i nā lālā o nā mea kanu. Kuhi poepoe kēia mau primates, kūpaʻa a kūkulu paʻa ʻia. Hiki i ke kino 30-55 cm ka lōʻihi.
He mea hoihoi! Ua kapa ʻia nā inoa o nā mōneka Capuchin no ka mea like lākou me nā mōneka Spanish Capuchin liʻiliʻi me ko lākou alo keʻokeʻo a me nā aahu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā pale ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo.
Heʻuʻuku nā makika Capuchin i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Noho lākou i ka nāhelehele mai 10 a 25 mau makahiki, ʻoiai i loko o ke pio hiki iā lākou ke ola a 45 mau makahiki. Kōkua ko lākou lōʻihi, a huelo hoʻi prehensile iā lākou e noho kiʻekiʻe i nā lālā o ka ululāʻau. Hana ka huelo ma ke ʻano he pālima ʻelima - lālau i nā lālā a kōkua i ke kaulike ke neʻe i waena o nā kumulāʻau. Kōkua ka manamana nui iā lākou i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā, mai ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mahiʻai.
ʻO ke kāne nui primate ke alakaʻi o ka hui. Pono ʻo ia e pale aku i kona panalāʻau a me nā lālā o ka hui mai nā mea ʻaihue a me nā mōneka Capuchin mai nā hui ʻē aʻe. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, male ka alakaʻi a ʻai mau i ka mua.
Ma hea e noho ai ka capuchin?
Kiʻi: Monetona Capuchin
Loaʻa nā Capuchins i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole, mai nā ululāʻau pāhihi a i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, mai ka pulu a i nā aniau maloʻo. He kamaʻāina lākou i nā ʻāina a me nā mokupuni he nui ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ka Caribbean.
ʻO kahi o kā lākou noho ʻana:
- Honodurasa. I kahi ākea i kahi ʻāpana tropical;
- Palakila. Ma nā ululāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka Amazon;
- Pelū. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina;
- Palakuae. I ka ʻāpana tropical o ka ʻāina;
- Kolomepia. I ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina;
- Koka Rika. Ma ke kahakai ʻino;
- Panama. Ma kahakai a ma nā ulu lāʻau ulu o ka ʻaoʻao waena;
- Alekina. Loaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao hikina a me komohana o ka ʻāina.
Ma Central America a me ka Caribbean, loaʻa lākou i nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ma kahakai Pākīpika, loaʻa lākou i ka nahele maloʻo maloʻo. ʻIke ʻia nā Capuchins e hoʻopili wikiwiki i ka hoʻouka kaua kanaka a ulu maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka nui o nā ʻano primate ma lalo o nā kūlana like. Akā no lākou nā wahi kūpono loa he canopy doli o nā lau ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e hāʻawi ai iā lākou i kahi e pale ai, nā meaʻai, kahi ala palekana o ka neʻe a me nā wahi moe palekana.
Ma ka awelika, e hele a hiki i ka 3.5 km i kēlā me kēia lā i loko o ko lākou ʻāina. ʻO ka maʻamau o ka laulā o kekahi ʻohana e uhi i kahi o 50-100 hectares o ka ʻāina. Hele pinepine nā moʻo Capuchin mai kahi lāʻau a kahi lāʻau me ka pili ʻole o ka honua.
He aha ka ʻai a ka capuchin?
Kiʻi: Capuchin
Hana pū ʻo Capuchins i loko o kā lākou hui i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Hoʻopomo lākou i ka nui o nā ʻano meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana Cebidae. Omnivorous lākou a hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana mea kanu e like me nā lau, nā pua, nā hua, nā hua, nā hua lāʻau, ke kō, nā ʻāpā, nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā exudates, a me nā mea kolo, nā nananana, nā hua manu a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi e like me nā moʻo a me nā liʻiliʻi kiwi.
Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi nā capuchins he maikaʻi loa i ka hopu ʻana i nā rana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou me he meaʻai hou a koʻikoʻi loa ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke noho i ka nui o nā mea makemake ʻole ʻole e hiki ke hōʻoia i ko lākou ola i nā wahi me nā manawa kūpono loa o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā Capuchins e noho kokoke ana i ka wai e ʻai pū i nā pāpaʻi a me nā pūpū, e haki ana i kā lākou pūpū.
ʻO nā mōneka Capuchin he holoholona akamai loa e hoʻohana i nā ʻano mea hana like ʻole (lāʻau, lālā, pōhaku) e wehe i nā pūpū, nā hua kukui, nā ʻanoʻano paʻakikī a me nā pūpū o nā molluscs.
ʻIke ʻia kekahi ʻano e ʻai a hiki i 95 mau ʻano mea kanu like ʻole. Hoʻohana lākou i nā pōhaku e haki i nā nati hāmama, nā ʻanoʻano, nā pūpū a me nā mea pio ʻē aʻe. E like me nā ʻano primate ʻē aʻe, kōkua nā capuchins i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā hua ma kā lākou wahi noho, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea olaola a me ka ulu hou ʻana o nā mea kanu.
Pono mau nā Capuchins i ka wai e pono ai ka wai. Lawe lākou i ka wai mai kahi o nā kumu. Inu lākou i ka wai mai nā lua i nā kumulāʻau, nā kahawai a me nā waihona a me nā kumuwaiwai e hiki ke kiʻi ʻia. I ka wā maloʻo, pono lākou e huakaʻi i kahi mamao i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i kahi e heʻe ai ka wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona Capuchin
Noho mau nā Capuchins i nā hui nui (10 - 35 mau lālā) i ka nahele, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke maʻalahi i nā wahi i kolone ʻia e nā kānaka. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā hui liʻiliʻi no ka mālama, ka launa ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā laha he hierarchy linear, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o nā kāne a me nā wahine i kā lākou ʻano mana nui, akā ʻo ka alpha kāne o ke kauoha e hoʻomalu mau i ka wahine alpha. He mau kuleana kuleana kāna e male i nā wahine i kāna hui. Eia nō naʻe, alakaʻi ʻia nā hui capuchin poʻo keʻokeʻo e nā kāne ʻelua a me nā wahine alpha. Uhi kēlā me kēia hui i kahi ʻāina nui, no ka mea pono nā lālā o ka ʻohana e ʻimi no nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka meaʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa! He holoholona teritore kēia mau primates, e māka māka ana i ka wahi waena o ka panalāʻau o ka noho me ka mimi a pale iā ia mai nā poʻe komo hewa.
Lawe ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika o ka hui ma o ke kāhiko ʻana, a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mōʻī ma o nā kani like ʻole. Hiki i nā Capuchins ke lele i ʻekolu mau mika a hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mākau e kiʻi mai kekahi kumulāʻau a i kekahi lāʻau. Ke hūnā nei ma waena o nā mea ulu o ka nahele no ka hapa nui o ka lā, hiamoe nā moʻo Capuchin ma nā lālā a iho wale i ka ʻimi wai inu.
Koe wale no ko lākou awakea awakea, noho lākou i ka lā holoʻokoʻa e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. I ka pō e hiamoe lākou i nā kumulāʻau, e ʻuwī ana ma waena o nā lālā. Kūleʻa lākou i ka ʻōlelo o ko lākou wahi noho a no laila hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻO nā Capuchins he mau ʻano nohona paʻakikī, pili pili pilina ma waena o nā kāne ʻelua, a me kahi repertoire lawena waiwai, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea hoihoi i ka nānā ʻepekema.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Capuchin Cub
Hāpai nā Capuchins i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe o lākou kau moena kūikawā. ʻOiai ma Central America, hānau pinepine ka hānau hānau i ka wā maloʻo a i ke kakahiaka nui i ke kau ua (Kekemapa a ʻApelila). Hoʻokele ka wahine i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ikaika a me ka lawena moʻa i ka kāne alpha. Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻea ka wahine i ka hopena o kāna wā hānau, hiki iā ia ke male me ʻeono mau kāne ʻē aʻe i ka lā hoʻokahi.
ʻAʻole kū ka māka ʻana i ka male alpha i kēlā me kēia manawa, no ka mea, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau wahine e hoʻopalau me ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kāne ʻokoʻa. Ke makemake ka wahine alpha a me ka wahine ma lalo i ka male me kahi kāne alpha, loaʻa i ka wahine ʻoi aku ke kuleana i ke kāne ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wahine haʻahaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole male nā kāne me kā lākou kaikamahine.
Mimi nā kāne i ko lākou mau lima a uhi i ko lākou kino i ka mimi e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou mau ʻāina a ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o nā wahine.
ʻO ka wā hānau ma kahi o ʻeono mau mahina (160-180 mau lā). Noho kaʻawale ka hānau keiki, akā i kekahi manawa hana ka wahine i ʻelua mau keiki. Hānau kekahi mau wahine ma nā wā o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha. Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio ke oʻo i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, kāne - 8 makahiki.
ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o kā lākou pēpē ma kahi o 8.5% e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ka makuahine. Hoʻopili nā ʻōpio i ka umauma o ka makuahine a hiki i ko lākou nui ʻana, a laila neʻe lākou i kona kua. E aʻo nā ʻōpio Capuchins i ke ola ʻana mai nā mākua ʻike hou aku. ʻAʻohe o nā Kāpena kāne makua i ka mālama keiki. Ua haʻalele nā primates makua i kā lākou hui ma hope o ke kū ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā Capuchins
Kiʻi: Monetona Capuchin
Hele pinepine ʻo Hawks i nā primata i ko lākou ala. ʻO ka poʻe Capuchins, ke hoʻoweliweli nei, e hoʻāʻo e makaʻala a hūnā. Hoʻopili pū nā nahesa nui a me nā boas i nā moʻo, akā makaʻu nui nā primates. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi constrictor boa a iʻa nahesa hoʻi, hōʻike nā lālā o ka hui i ka pīhoihoi a hoʻāʻo e hoʻi i ka haʻalele.
Hoʻolilo nā mōneka Capuchin i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i nā papa kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa ka meaʻai a hūnā mai nā mea ʻaihue.
Aia i waena o ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā:
- boas;
- jaguars;
- ʻalā;
- nā aeto;
- falcon nui;
- cougars;
- nahesa;
- jaguarundi;
- coyotes;
- tayras;
- ʻōpala.
ʻO ka predator nui o ka capuchin crest ka ʻaeto harpy, i ʻike ʻia e ʻaihue i nā kanaka liʻiliʻi a lawe iā lākou i kāna pūnana. Hoʻohana nā makika Capuchin i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ke kāhea ʻana (peʻa kikī) e hoʻomaopopo aku i nā lālā o ka hui inā pilikia lākou. Lohe ʻia kahi kani purr ke aloha aku nā mōʻī kekahi i kekahi.
Hoʻopili nā lunamaka o nā ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo i ko lākou mau manamana lima i loko o nā kumu o nā maka o kekahi Capuchin, no laila e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano aloha. ʻOiai hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā ʻaoʻao o kā lākou ʻalaluna e hōʻeha i kahi ʻenemi maʻamau me lākou. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau ʻano i loko o ka repertoire o nā primates pono, akā ke loli mau nei lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Animal Capuchin
Powa nā Capuchins i kekahi manawa i nā mahina ʻai, luku i nā mea kanu a manaʻo ʻia he pilikia no nā mahiʻai a me ka heluna kanaka koke.
Minamina, ua heleleʻi nui ka helu o nā mōʻī Capuchin ma ke ʻano he:
- ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona nui loa e nā kamaʻāina kūloko nāna e hoʻopau i kā lākou ʻiʻo no ka meaʻai;
- Kālepa holoholona;
- ʻImi ʻepekema;
- A i kekahi mau ʻāina, ua lilo lākou i mea laha ʻole ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ko lākou wahi noho.
ʻO ka helehelena hoʻomākeʻaka o Capuchins e hoʻonāukiuki i nā poʻe he nui e lilo iā lākou i mau holoholona. Akā paʻakikī a hihiu kēia mau holoholona. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i ka huhū, ʻo ia ke kumu e koi aku ai nā ʻoihana hoʻokipa holoholona he nui i ka poʻe e mālama ʻole iā lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona.
Manaʻo ʻia nā mōneka Capuchin ʻoi loa ke akamai o nā lāhui ʻAmelika āpau a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa. No laila, ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohana ia mau mea e kōkua i ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka quadriplegia (paralysis hapa a piha paha o nā lālā) i nā ʻāina kūkulu he nui. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pili aʻo o nā Capuchins e pili pono ana i ka uku, ʻaʻole ka hoihoi.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā makika, kāpili nā capuchins i nā centipedes a hamo iā lākou ma ke kua. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau kūlohelohe no ka nahu ʻana o nā insect.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o ka hānau a me ka maʻalahi o ka nohona, ʻaʻole nui ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka nahele i ka heluna o ka mōneka Capuchin e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole nā mōneka capuchin ma ka papa inoa o nā ʻano mea ʻaneʻane pau, ʻoiai ka weliweli o ka fragmentation o ka nohona.
Lā paʻi: 03/23/2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 12:13
