ʻO Caiman - ke kamaʻāina kahiko loa o ka honua, nona ka helehelena i koe i ka loli. ʻO ka nohona hoʻololi a me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka caiman i hoʻokani i kahi hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna mau ʻano adaptive a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē. He lunamakaʻāinana ʻo Cayman no ke kauoha predatory o nā Crocodiles, akā he ʻokoʻa kumu nui kona, mahalo iā ia e ʻike maʻalahi ai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Cayman
I ke kumu o nā caimans, ʻae nā ʻepekema i ko lākou mau kūpuna kahiko he mau mea ola kolo - pseudo-suchia. Ua noho lākou ma kahi o 230 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a hānai i nā dinosaur a me nā crocodiles. ʻOkoʻa nā caimans kahiko mai nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus i nā wāwae lōʻihi a me ka muʻu pōkole. Ma kahi o 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua pau nā dinosaurs, a hiki i nā crocodiles, me nā caimans, ke hoʻololi a ola i nā kūlana hou.
Video: ʻO Cayman
ʻO ka genus genus kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana alligator, kahi papa o nā mea kolo, akā kū i waho me he anakahi kūʻokoʻa lā ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā kūwaho. Ma ka ʻōpū o nā caimans, i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi iwi iwi i ke ʻano o nā pā i hoʻopili ʻia e nā hono neʻe. Pale maikaʻi kēlā "pale kaua" pale i nā caimans mai nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai e nā iʻa iʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia mau mea kolo ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o ka septum iwi i ka lua ihu, no laila he puka ihu maʻamau ko lākou iwi poʻo.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi: "ʻO nā Caymans, ʻokoʻa i nā alligators a me nā crocodile maoli, ʻaʻohe o lākou lacrimal glands i ke ʻano o ko lākou mau maka, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wai paʻakai nui."
Hoʻololi ke kino o nā caimans i ke ola i nā kūlana wai. E lele maʻalahi i loko o ka wai a hoʻokuʻi ʻole ʻia i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, pālahalaha ʻia ke kino o ka caiman, pālahalaha ke poʻo me ka mux elongated, nā wāwae pōkole a me kahi huelo lōʻihi ikaika. He mau membrane kūikawā kā ka maka i ka wā e panu ai i ka wai i lalo o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, hiki i kēia poʻe hoʻomana ke neʻe wikiwiki a hiki i nā ʻōpio ke holo i kahi ala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: "Hiki i nā Caymans ke hana i nā kani. I nā mākua, like kēia kani me ka hae ʻana o ka ʻīlio, a i loko o nā pēpē o ka caiman - ka ʻū ʻana o ka rana.
ʻO nā genus o nā caimans me 5 mau ʻano, ʻelua o lākou (Cayman latirostris a me Venezilensis) i lilo i mea ʻole.
I kēia manawa, 3 mau ʻano caimans hiki ke loaʻa i ke ʻano:
- Cayman crocodile a i ʻole maʻamau, pākaha (ʻehā mau ʻāpana);
- Cayman maka ākea a ihu ākea paha (ʻaʻohe subspecies);
- Paraguayan caiman a i ʻole piranha, Yakar (ʻaʻohe ʻāpana ʻaoʻao).
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Crocodile caiman
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana like o ʻekolu o nā caimans i like kekahi i kekahi, akā he ʻokoʻa kūwaho ko kēlā me kēia.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka crocodile caiman e nā ʻōuli kūwaho i lalo:
- Ana - ke kino o nā kāne - 1.8-2 mika, a me nā wahine - 1.2-1.4 mika;
- ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino mai 7 a 40 kg. He elongated ke ʻano o ka waha a me ka wēlau o mua i hope. Ma waena o nā maka he ulu iwi e hana i ke ʻano o nā aniani, kahi i hele mai ai ka inoa o kēia ʻano. Ma ka ʻaoʻao i waho o ka maka aia kahi piko triangular, i hoʻoilina ʻia mai kā lākou mau kūpuna;
- Aia he 72-78 mau niho i ka waha, uhi ka iwi ā luna i nā niho o ka mea lalo. Ma ka iwi ā lalo, ua lawa ka niho mua a ʻehā, no laila i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā notch ma ka iwi ā luna;
- ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o kahi mākua mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a i ka brown, a he ʻōlena ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā ʻōpio me nā kiko ʻokoʻa i ke kino.
Mea hoihoi: “Hoʻololi ko Crocodile caimans i ko lākou kala i ʻeleʻele i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia hiki i kona ʻili e nā cell pigment - melanophores. "
ʻO ka caiman maka ākea, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, i kēia mau ʻano:
- Nā Ana - nā kāne a hiki i ka 2 mika ka lōʻihi, akā aia kekahi mau lunamaka a i 3.5 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wahine;
- He ākea a nui ka waha o ka caiman, aia ma laila nā ulu iwi;
- Ma ka iwi ā luna, ʻaʻohe notches no nā niho nunui o ka lalo, e like me ka caiman crocodile;
- Kino - ma ke kua he nui nā unahi ossified paʻa, a ma ka ʻōpū nui nā lālani o nā iwi iwi;
- He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala, akā māmā. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ka ʻili o ka iwi ā lalo.
ʻO ka Paraguayan Cayman nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena:
- Ana - pinepine ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 2 mau mika, akā i waena o nā kāne he 2.5 - 3 mau mika ka poʻe;
- ʻO ke ʻano o ka iwi ā, e like me ka caiman crocodile;
- Kālā ke kala o ke kino, ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā leo māmā a me nā pouli. Aia nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka ʻōiwi a me ka hiʻu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka caiman?
Kiʻi: Kaimana holoholona
Kahi ākea ka nohona o kēia mau mea kolo a pili i ka thermo-makemake o nā ʻano caiman. ʻO ka panalāʻau o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka crocodile caiman he tropical and subtropical reservoirs of South and Central America. Loaʻa ia mai Guatemala a me Mekiko a i Peru a me Brazil. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi o kāna ʻohana (fuscus) i ka panalāʻau o nā mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika e pili ana i ke kai Caribbean (Cuba, Pokoliko).
Makemake ʻo Crocodile caiman i nā waihona wai me ke kai kū ʻole o ka wai, kokoke i nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko, a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke noho lōʻihi i ka wai paʻakai, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ʻelua mau lā.
ʻOi aku ka pale aku o ka caiman maka ākea i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻike ʻia ia ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAkelanika i nā wai o Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, a me ka ʻĀkau o ʻAtinaina. ʻO kahi nohona punahele ʻo ia nā ʻāina pulu a me nā kahe wai liʻiliʻi me ka wai hou, i kekahi manawa he wai paʻakai iki. Hiki iā ia ke noho i nā loko iʻa kokoke i nā hale o ka poʻe.
Makemake ka Paraguayan Cayman e noho i nā wahi me kahi ʻano mahana. Noho ma ka hema o Brazil a me Bolivia, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAtenitina, Paraguay ma nā awāwa haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ma waena o nā mokupuni lau nahele e lana ana.
He aha ka ʻai a ka caiman?
Kiʻi: Cayman Alligator
ʻO nā Caimans, ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻohana predatory nui aku, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e ʻai i nā holoholona nui. ʻO kēia kumu ma muli o ke ʻano o ka iwi ā, ka nui o ke kino, a me ka makaʻu mua o kēia mau mea kolo.
ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi pulu, hiki i nā caimans ke loaʻa kālā mai ia mau holoholona.
- aquatic invertebrates a me vertebrates;
- poʻe amphibians;
- nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi;
- mammal liʻiliʻi.
I ka papaʻai o nā holoholona ʻōpio, nā mea kolo i pae ma ka wai i predominate. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hoʻololi lākou i ka hānai ʻana i nā loaʻa nui - crustacean, molluscs, iʻa muliwai, rana, a me nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā mākua ke hānai iā lākou iho me kahi capybara kaulike, kahi anaconda weliweli, kahi honu.
ʻAi wale nā Caimana i kā lākou mea pio me ka nahu ʻole ʻana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka honu me kā lākou pūpū mānoanoa. No nā caimans ākea a me Paraguayan, he mea ʻono maikaʻi loa nā kuhū wai. Ma muli o kēia makemake i ka meaʻai, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea kolo he mau ʻoka o nā waihona wai, no ka mea ke hoʻoponopono nei lākou i ka helu o kēia mollusks.
ʻO kekahi inoa no ka Paraguayan caiman ʻo piranha, no ka mea e ʻai i kēia iʻa iʻa predatory, a laila hoʻoponopono i ka helu o ko lākou heluna kanaka. Ma waena o nā caimans, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka cannibalism.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona Cayman
Noho pinepine kēia mau mea kolo a hiki i kekahi manawa ke noho pālua a i ʻole nā hui, maʻamau i ka wā hānau. Ke hiki mai nā manawa maloʻo, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā hui e ʻimi i nā kino wai maloʻo ʻole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "I ka wā o ka ua maloʻo, eli hohonu kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o nā caimans i loko o ka silt a me ka hibernate."
No ke kumu o nā camouflage i ke ao, makemake nā caimans e noho i ka lepo a i ʻole ma waena o nā mānoanoa, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke peʻe, e hoʻomoe mālie i ka lā i ka hapa nui o ka manawa. E hoʻi wikiwiki nā caimans hoʻopilikia i ka wai. Hele ka wahine i ka ʻāina e hana i kahi pūnana ma laila a hoʻomoe i nā hua.
I ka pō, ke hāʻule ke ahiahi, hele kēia mau mea kolo i ka hopu holoholona i ko lākou honua papa wai. Ke ʻimi holoholona, poho loa lākou i lalo o ka wai, e puka wale ana ko lākou mau puka ihu a me ko lākou mau maka i ka papa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "He nui nā koʻokoʻo i ke ʻano o nā maka caiman ma mua o nā ʻone. No laila, ʻike pono lākou i ka pō. "
He mālie, maluhia a ʻano makaʻu hoʻi kēia mau mea kolo, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona nui no ke kumu o ka ʻai. Pili kēia ʻano ma muli o kā lākou nui liʻiliʻi. Noho nā Caimans mai 30 a 40 mau makahiki, i ka paʻa pio ʻana ua pōkole ke kali ʻana o ke ola.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Caiman Cub
I ka heluna caiman, ma ke ʻano he anakuhi, aia kahi hierarchy ma waena o nā kāne e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino a me ka ulu ʻana o ka wahine. ʻO ia, i loko o kahi nohona kikoʻī, ʻo ke kāne kāne nui a moe kolohe wale nō ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia a hiki ke hānau hou. ʻO ke koena o nā kāne e noho pū nei me ia i kahi like, ʻaʻohe hiki ke ʻae ʻia e hānau.
Manaʻo ʻia nā Caimans he oʻo kolohe, ua hōʻea i ke kino o ke kanaka makua i ka makahiki 4 a 7 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka wā kūpono no ka hana kope ʻana mai Mei a ʻAukake. I ka wā ua, hana nā wahine i nā pūnana no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu, ma kahi kokoke i ka waihona wai o ka noho i nā ulu lāʻau a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūnana mai nā mea kanu a me ka pālolo, a i kekahi manawa ʻeli wale lākou i kahi lua i ke one.
No ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki, hiki i ka wahine ke kūkulu i nā pūnana ʻokoʻa a hui pū paha me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi pūnana maʻamau, a laila e nānā pū iā ia. I kekahi manawa hiki i ke kāne ke nānā i ka pūnana ʻoiai e ʻimi holoholona nei ka wahine. Hoʻokahi wahine e waiho i nā hua he 15-40 i ka nui o ka soose a i ʻole ka hua moa. I mea e hatch ai nā kāne o nā kāne ʻelua i ka paʻa like, waiho ka wahine i nā hua i ʻelua papa e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa mahana.
Maturation o nā embryo i loko o 70-90 mau lā. I Malaki, mākaukau e hānau ʻia nā caimans liʻiliʻi. Kuhi lākou i nā leo o "croaking" a hoʻomaka ka makuahine e ʻeli iā lākou i waho. A laila, i ka waha, hoʻoili iā lākou i loko o ka waihona wai. I ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, pili mau nā holoholona ʻōpio i ko lākou makuahine, ka mea i pale iā lākou mai nā ʻenemi kūwaho. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke pale aku ʻaʻole wale i kāna mau keiki, akā ʻo nā malihini pū kekahi. Ke ulu ikaika nei nā ʻōpio no nā makahiki ʻelua, a laila lohi ko lākou ulu. I ka hui o nā caimans e ulu nei, kū kū koke nā mea nui a ʻoi aku ka nui, e noho lākou ma luna i luna i kā lākou hierarchy makua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā caimans
Kiʻi: Cayman
ʻOiai ʻo nā caimans he poʻe holoholona, he ʻāpana lākou o ka kaulahao meaʻai o nā mea nui nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue. Hiki i nā ʻano caimans ʻekolu ke lilo i waiwai pio no nā jaguars, nā anacondas nui, nā otter nunui, nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlio hele hewa nui. Noho i ka wahi like me nā crocodile maoli a me nā caimans ʻeleʻele (ʻo kēia ka crocodile ʻAmelika Hema), lilo kēia mau mea kolo liʻiliʻi i waiwai pio na lākou.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, ʻaʻole pono i ka wahine e hoʻāʻo iki a hoʻomanawanui i ka pale ʻana i ka pūnana a me kāna mau hua mai nā moʻo nui e luku a i ka hapahā o nā pūnana caiman. I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā kānaka kekahi mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā caimans.
Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kekahi kanaka i ka heluna caiman:
- Hoʻopilikia i ka nohona - pili kēia i ka wao nahele, hoʻohaumia o nā kino wai me ka ʻōpala mai nā mea kanu uila, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi mahiʻai hou;
- E hoʻemi i ka helu o nā kānaka ma muli o ke ʻoki ʻana. He paʻakikī ka ʻili o kēia mau mea kolo no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ʻili, ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ke nānā ākea. ʻO nā caimans Crocodile, no ko lākou liʻiliʻi a me ko lākou ʻano maluhia, lawaiʻa pinepine ʻia no ke kūʻai aku i nā terrarium pilikino.
ʻOiaʻiʻo ka mea hoihoi: "I ka makahiki 2013, ʻo nā caimans e noho ana ma ka Tortuguero National Park ma Costa Rica ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia i ka lāʻau make pesticide, i komo i loko o Rio Suerte mai nā māla maiʻa."
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Little Cayman
Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka poʻe ma ka caiman heluna ma waena o ke kenekulia 20 ma muli o ka hopena pio ʻole a me ke kālepa ʻana. ʻO kēia kumu mōʻaukala ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia manawa nā buʻa me nā ʻili waiwai i kokoke i ka luku ʻia. No laila, i mea e hoʻopiha ai i ka mākeke waiwai ʻili me nā mea maka, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e alualu i nā caimans, ʻoiai ua kūpono ko lākou ʻili no ka hana ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino wale nō.
ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka ʻili Caiman (ma kahi o 10 mau manawa), akā i ka manawa like, hoʻopiha ia i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka mākeke honua i kēia lā. I loko nō o ka pālākiō o ka hana ʻino o nā kānaka, ua mālama ʻia ka lehulehu o ka caiman mahalo i nā hana e pale aku ai i kēia ʻano holoholona a me kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona. I nā caimans crocodile, ka helu kokoke o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka heluna kanaka he 1 miliona, i nā caimans ākea ākea - 250-500 tausani, a ma Paraguayan he haʻahaʻa loa kēia kiʻi - 100-200 tausani.
No ka mea he predators nā caimans, ma ke ʻano he pāʻani lākou i ke kuleana. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, nā moʻo, molluscs, nā nalo, nā ilo, manaʻo ʻia lākou he hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ke kaiaola. A mahalo i ka ʻai ʻana o piranhas, mālama lākou i ka heluna kanaka o kahi iʻa ʻaʻohe predatory. Hoʻohui, hoʻonui nā caimans i nā kahawai pāpaʻu me ka hauhene i loko o nā ʻōpala holoholona.
Pale Cayman
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula a Cayman
Aia nā ʻano caimans ʻekolu ma lalo o ka CITES pāʻoihana e mālama ai i nā holoholona. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu o nā cimod crocodile, ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i ka Annex II o kēia Convention. Wahi a ka appendix, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano caimans me ka luku ʻia inā kū ʻole ʻia kā lākou ʻelele. Ma Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, aia ko lākou ʻano ma lalo o ka palekana, a ma Panama a me Colombia, ka palena o ka ʻimi ʻana no lākou. I Cuba a me Puerto Rico, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia i nā waihona kaiāulu no ka hoʻoulu holoholona.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Apaporis caiman maʻamau, e noho nei ma ka hema hikina o Colombia, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Appendix I o ka CITES Convention, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaneʻane pelapela kēia ʻano a he hiki wale nō ke kālepa ʻana. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻoihana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā caimans ākea ākea i ka Appendix I o ka CITES Convention, no ka mea ʻo kona ʻili ka mea kūpono loa no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ʻili mai iā ia. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻāʻo pinepine lākou e hoʻolilo iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻili alligator hoʻopunipuni.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāhui Paraguayan o nā caimans i loko o ka International Red Book. I mea e hoʻonui ai i kāna heluna kanaka, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā papahana kūikawā e hoʻokō ʻia nei ma Bolivia, Argentina, a me Brazil. Ma Argentina a me Brazil, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hānai i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mea kolo kolo ʻole, e hana ana i nā kūlana no lākou i nā mahiʻai "crocodile". A ma Bolivia, hoʻololi lākou i kā lākou hānau ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻO Caiman holoholona ʻē aʻe e noho nei ma ka honua. Hoihoi lākou no ko lākou mōʻaukala, ʻano ʻē a, i ka manawa like, ʻano weliweli, a me ke ʻano paʻakikī ʻole o ke ola. ʻOiai ʻo lākou ka poʻe kahiko o ka Honua, he kuleana ko lākou i ka mahalo a me ke kākoʻo mai ka lāhui kanaka.
Lā paʻi: 03/16/2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 9:32
