ʻO ka hippopotamus kekahi o nā holoholona nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka lua wale nō ia o nā ʻelepani ʻApelika. Hiki i nā Rhinos ke hoʻokūkū i ka nui a me ke kaupaona. ʻOiai ko lākou nui nui a me ke kaumaha kaumaha, hiki i nā hippos ke wikiwiki a wikiwiki i nā holoholona.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, manaʻo ʻia nā puaʻa he kūpuna a me nā ʻohana o nā rhino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hala loa aku nei, nā zologist - kau nā mea noiʻi i kahi kumumanaʻo kupaianaha o kā lākou pilina me nā koholā!
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Behemoth
ʻO Hippos he mau lunamakaʻāinana o nā chordates, ka papa mammalian, ka ʻāpana artiodactyl, ka suborder puaʻa ʻole ruminant, a me ka ʻohana hippopotamus.
Kūkākūkā nā Zoologists ʻaʻole maopopo maopopo ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hippopotamus, i like me nā hippos o kēia au, ua ʻike ʻia ma ka honua ma mua iki o ʻelima mau miliona miliona o nā makahiki i hala. ʻO nā kūpuna kahiko o nā holoholona he ungulate, i kapa ʻia ʻo kondilartrams. Ua alakaʻi lākou i kahi ola mehameha, ma ke ʻano kūmau lākou.
Video: Behemoth
Ua koho nui ʻia nā ʻāina pulu ma ke ʻano he habitat. Ma waho, ua like lākou me he hippos pygmy hou. ʻO nā koena kahiko o kēia holoholona i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka wā Miocene. ʻO nā kūpuna o ka holoholona, hiki ke hāʻawi palekana ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hippos, a he ʻano like loa me nā lā hou, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o ʻelua a me ka hapa miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka wā Pliocene a me Pleistocene, ua laha nui lākou.
Ua hōʻoia nā ʻepekema i ka wā o ka Pleistocene, nui ka nui o nā holoholona a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui o nā holoholona i kū i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i kēia lā. Wahi a nā koena o nā holoholona i loaʻa ma Kenya, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻepekema i kā lākou helu i ka wā Pleistocene he 15% o nā vertebrates āpau o ia manawa, a ʻo 28% hoʻi o nā mea hānai manu āpau.
ʻAʻole i noho ʻo Hippos ma loko wale nō o ka ʻāina ʻApelika, akā ma ʻō aku o kona mau palena. Ua haʻalele loa lākou mai ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa ma muli o ka hopena o ka Pleistocene Ice Age. I kēlā manawa, ʻehā mau ʻano holoholona, i kēia lā hoʻokahi wale nō. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hippopotamus pygmy mai ke kumu ulu evolution maʻamau ma kahi o 5 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Hippo holoholona
ʻO ke kaupaona o ka hippo makua he 1200 - 3200 mau kilogram. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻelima mau mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma kahi o 30-40 cm, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. I nā holoholona, hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o nā wahine. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā canine o nā kāne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. Ulu nā kāne i ko lākou ola. Kū nā wahine i ka ulu ʻana ke hiki lākou i 25 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻili o nā holoholona he hina-viole, a hina hina me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia nā pākuʻi hina-ʻalani a puni nā maka a me nā pepeiao. ʻO ka papa luna o ka ʻili he lahilahi a lahilahi ia, a no laila hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi a me nā ʻeha i ka wā o nā hakakā. ʻO ke koena o ka ʻili o ka holoholona he mānoanoa a paʻa ʻole.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻohe ʻili o ka ʻili holoholona a me nā gland sebaceous. Aia kekahi mau mucous gland e hūnā i kahi huna ʻulaʻula kūikawā. No ka manawa lōʻihi ua manaʻo ʻia he koko kēia me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hou. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina o ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana nui a me ke ʻano o ke kino o nā holoholona, ua ʻike ʻia he huna o nā waikawa ka huna. Pale kēia wai i ke kino o ka hippopotamus mai ka lā ʻApelika lā e ʻā ana ma o ke komo ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet.
He mau lālā pōkole akā ikaika loa nā holoholona me nā wāwae pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā lālā e ʻae iā ʻoe e neʻe me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka wikiwiki i ka wai a i ka ʻāina. He poʻo nui a kaumaha hoʻi nā Hipopotō. Hiki i kāna lehulehu i kekahi mau kānaka ke hiki i ke tona. ʻO nā maka, nā pepeiao a me nā puka ihu o nā holoholona i lawa ke kiʻekiʻe e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa i ka wai. Ke lulu loa, pihi nā puka ihu a me nā maka o ka hippos, pale i ke komo ʻana o ka wai.
He mana nui ko ka Hipopotō, a me nā āiwi ikaika e hāmama kokoke i nā kekeke 160. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā iwi ā me nā kini nui a me nā ʻūlū. Ua hiki ko lākou lōʻihi i ka hapalua mika. ʻOi aku nā niho ʻoi ke hoʻokala mau ʻia i ka nau ʻana.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hippo?
Kiʻi: Hippo nui
Ma ke ʻano he nohona, koho nā holoholona i kahi e loaʻa ai nā kino wai pāpaʻu. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko. ʻO ko lākou hohonu ma kahi o ʻelua mau mika, e like me nā holoholona e makemake e lūlū loa i ka wai. I ka lā, makemake nā holoholona i ka hiamoe a i ʻole ka hina ʻana i ka lā, i ka wai pāpaʻu, a ʻau i loko o nā puddles lepo nui. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka pouli, makemake nā holoholona i ka ʻāina. Hāʻawi nā holoholona i ka makemake i nā waihona kai paʻakai.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nohona holoholona:
- Kenia;
- Mozamabika;
- Tanazania;
- Lipelia;
- ʻO Cote DeIvoire;
- Malaui;
- Ukanada;
- Zamibia.
I kēia manawa, noho wale nā holoholona ma ka panalāʻau o ka moku ʻApelika, hema o ka Sahara, koe wale nō ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar. Mai nā makahiki kanaono o kēia kenekulia, ʻaʻole i loli iki kahi e noho ai nā holoholona. Ua nalowale wale ʻo Hippos mai ka panalāʻau o ʻApelika Hema. Noho paʻa ka poʻe i nā wahi pale wale ʻia ma waena o nā pāka aupuni a me nā wahi pale.
Hoʻāʻo ʻo Hipopotō e hōʻalo i ke kai. ʻAʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no lākou e noho i loko o ia mau ʻano wai. Pono nā holoholona i kahi waihona i lawa ka nui e lawa ai kahi pipi, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻomaloʻo i loko o ka makahiki. Pono nā Hipopotama i nā awāwa mauʻu kokoke i nā wai e hānai i nā holoholona. Inā maloʻo ka waihona i loko o kahi kau maloʻo nui, e holoholo nā holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ʻauʻau ʻē aʻe.
He aha ka hippo e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Hippo i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO kēia holoholona nunui a ikaika loa ʻo ia ka herbivore. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka pouli, hele i waho nā holoholona i ka ʻāina e ʻai ai. Hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou kaumaha a me ka nui o ke kino, pono lākou i kahi nui o nā meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai a 50 mau kilokika o nā mea kanu mea kanu i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Ma ka laulā, hiki i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona ke hoʻopili i ʻekolu mau kālani o nā mea kanu like ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea kanu wai i meaʻai no nā hippos.
I ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki i nā holoholona ke uhi i kekahi mamao. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele no kahi mamao loa a lōʻihi loa hoʻi. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā holoholona e ʻaneʻane kokoke i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu - nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, nā ʻohe, mauʻu, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻohe lākou e ʻai i nā aʻa a me nā hua o nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou mākau e kiʻi a ʻeli.
Ma ka awelika, hoʻokahi pāʻina o ka holoholona i ʻehā mau hola a me ka hapa. ʻO nā lehelehe nui a momona ke kūpono no ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka laulā o hoʻokahi lehelehe i kahi hapalua mika. ʻAe kēia i nā hippos e haehae i nā mea kanu mānoanoa me ka hoʻoikaika ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā niho nui e nā holoholona ma ke ʻano he pahi e ʻoki i ka meaʻai.
Pau ka ʻai ma ka wanaʻao. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pāʻina, hoʻi hou nā hippos i ka waihona wai. ʻAi ʻia ka hippos ma mua o ʻelua mau mile mai ka waihona wai. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1-1.5% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā meaʻai o ka ʻohana hippopotamus i ka ʻai, e nāwaliwali lākou a lilo koke ka ikaika.
I nā hoʻowahāwahā ʻole, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo e nā holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā zoologists ʻo ia ʻano hanana ka hopena o nā pilikia olakino a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana digestive o hippos e ʻeli i ka ʻiʻo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Hippo i ka wai
He holoholona holoholona ʻo Hippos a noho i kahi hui. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā hui - mai ʻelua a i ʻekolu kakini a i ʻelua a i ʻole ʻekolu haneli. ʻO ke poʻo ke poʻo o ke kāne e poʻo mau ʻia. Ke pale mau nei ke kāne nui i kāna kuleana alakaʻi. Hakaka pinepine nā kāne a huhū loa i ka hakakā no ka pono o ka primacy, a me ke kuleana e komo i ka male me ka wahine.
ʻO ka hippopotamus lanakila i make pinepine ʻia mai ka nui o nā ʻeha i kau ʻia e nā kini ikaika a ʻoi loa hoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka hakakā no ke alakaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā kāne ke hiki i ka makahiki ʻehiku. Hōʻike kēia iā ia iho i ka uē ʻana, ka ulu ʻana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka manure a me ka ʻū ʻana i nā ā ā. ʻO nā wahine ke kuleana no ka maluhia a noho mālie i loko o ka pā.
He mea maʻamau ia no nā hui e noho i kekahi panalāʻau a lākou e hoʻolilo ai i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. I ka wā o ke ao, hiamoe lākou a ʻauʻau paha i ka lepo. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka pouli, puka lākou i waho o ka wai a lawe i ka meaʻai. Mālama nā holoholona i ka māka ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka manure. No laila, māka lākou i ka palena kai a me ka wahi mahi ʻai.
Ma loko o ka pā, kamaʻilio nā holoholona me kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo like ʻole. Hana lākou i nā leo e like me ke kaniʻuhū, paʻi ʻana, a i ʻole ke uwo ʻana. Hoʻouna kēia mau leo i nā hōʻailona like ʻole ma ka ʻāina wale nō akā i ka wai. ʻO ke kū i luna i lalo ka manaʻo o ka mahalo no nā poʻe ʻelemakule a me ka ʻike o ka hui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. Hoʻokū ʻo Hippos i ke kani ke komo loa lākou i loko o ka wai.
I ka manawa pinepine, i loko o ka wai, hoʻohana ʻia ke kino o kahi holoholona e kahi nui o nā manu ma ke ʻano he wahi lawaiʻa. He hana kōkua like kēia, ʻoiai hemo nā manu i ka hippos o ka nui o nā mea kolo e pīpī i ke kino o ka pilikua.
ʻO Hipopotamu wale nō i ka nānā mua ke nānā aku ua palaka a hemahema hoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke wikiwiki a i 35 km / h. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha e noʻonoʻo ʻia lākou he holoholona hiki ʻole ke kuhi ʻia a weliweli loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka ikaika kupaianaha a me nā ʻiʻo nunui e ʻae iā ʻoe e kūʻē me ke ʻano he alligator nui i ka emo o ka maka. ʻO nā mea weliweli kekahi o nā kāne a me nā wahine makua, ma kahi o kā lākou pēpē. Hiki i kahi hippopotamus ke hehi i kāna mea i hoʻomake ʻia, ʻai iā ia, ʻānai iā ia me nā niho nui, a huki wale paha ia i lalo o ka wai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pepe Hippo
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Hipopotamu e hana i nā paʻa paʻa lōʻihi lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono lākou i kēia, ʻoiai aia mau ka wahine i loko o ka pūʻā e ʻimi nei. ʻO nā kānaka o ka moekolohe kāne no ka manawa lōʻihi loa a koho pono i kahi hoa. Nānā pono lākou iā ia, honi. ʻO ke koho ʻana o kahi hoa a me ka noho aloha ʻaʻole wikiwiki, noho mālie a mālie hoʻi. Hoʻāʻo nā kāne e hōʻalo i nā hakakā me nā mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Ke pane koke ka wahine i ka noho aloha ʻole, lawe ke kāne iā ia. Ma kahi mamao aku o ka hui, lilo ka noho aloha i mea komo i loko a me ka pushy. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina moena i ka wai.
Ma hope o 320 mau lā, hānau kahi cub. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hana kolohe ʻole ka wahine. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e ʻae i kekahi e hoʻokokoke. I mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai iā ia iho a i ʻole ka pēpē e hiki mai ana i kēia mokuʻāina, keʻimi nei ʻo ia i kahi wai papau. Ke hoʻi nei ʻo ia me ka pēpē i ʻelua mau pule i hala. Liʻiliʻi loa a palupalu nā pēpē hou. ʻO kā lākou nui ma kahi o 20 kilokilo.
Hoʻāʻo ka makuahine i nā ala āpau e pale aku ai i ka cub, ʻoiai lākou i manaʻo ʻia he mea maʻalahi i waena o nā mea ʻaihue i nele i ka wiwo ʻole e hoʻouka i nā mākua, nā hippo ikaika. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka pipi, mālama nā kāne makua a ikaika hoʻi i nā pēpē. ʻAi nā Cubs i ka waiū o ka makuahine a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma hope o kēia wā, hui lākou i ka papaʻai maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, alakaʻi ka hippos i kahi nohona kaʻawale ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo wahine - ma kahi o 3-3.5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā holoholona i nā kūlana kūlohelohe 35-40 mau makahiki. Ma lalo o nā hanana hana, hoʻonui ʻia e 15-20 mau makahiki. Aia kekahi pilina pololei ma waena o ke ola a me ka ʻaukā niho. Inā pau ka niho o ka hippo, hāʻule nui ka manaolana o ke ola.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o hippos
Kiʻi: Hippo ma ʻApelika
Ma muli o ko lākou nui nui, ikaika a me ka mana, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka Hipopotamu i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Hiki i nā Predators ke hoʻoweliweli wale i nā holoholona ʻōpio, a me nā holoholona maʻi a nāwaliwali paha. Hōʻike ʻia ka makaʻu no ka hippos e nā crocodiles, kahi i hiki ʻole ke hōʻeha i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hippopotamus, nā liona, nā hyenas, a me nā leopadi. Wahi a nā helu helu, mai 15 a 30% o nā ʻōpio ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki i make ma muli o ka hewa o kēia mau mea ʻino. ʻO ka manawa pinepine i nā kūlana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pua, hiki i nā ʻōpio ke hehi ʻia e ka poʻe mākua.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka weliweli a me ke kumu o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka helu o nā hippos ke kanaka a me kā lākou mau hana. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā holoholona e nā kānaka i ka nui o ka nui no kaʻiʻo. I nā ʻāina he nui i ʻApelika, ʻo nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia i kaʻiʻo hippopotamus i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono. Ua like ia me kaʻiʻo puaʻa a ʻono e like me ka pipi. He mea waiwai ka ʻili a me nā iwi o ka holoholona. Hana ʻia nā hāmeʻa kūikawā no ka wili ʻana a me ke ʻoki ʻana i nā pōhaku makamae mai ka ʻili, a ʻo nā iwi kahi pahu waiwai nui a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ka niho ʻelepani
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Hippo maʻamau
Ma nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ua emi nui ka heluna hippopotamus, ma kahi o 15-20%. Ma nā panalāʻau o ʻekolu mau kakini ʻāina, aia mai 125,000 a 150,000 kanaka.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona:
- Poaching. ʻOiai ka pāpā o kēia luku ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona, nui nā holoholona e make i nā kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā holoholona e noho ana i ka panalāʻau i pale ʻole ʻia e ke kānāwai ka mea maʻalahi i ka ʻaihue ʻana.
- Ka hoʻonele ʻana i kahi nohona kūpono. ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā waihona wai wai, nā kahawai, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ala o nā kahawai e alakaʻi i ka make o nā holoholona, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā panalāʻau hou aku e ke kanaka, ma muli o kahi hopena e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka wahi a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi hānai.
Kiaʻi Hippopotamus
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula Behemoth
I nā wahi kahi e noho ai ka hippos i ka nui, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ka hōʻeha i kēia koi e pili ana i ke kuleana hoʻokele a me ka hewa. Eia kekahi, i mea e hoʻonui ai i kā lākou helu, hana ʻia nā pāka aupuni a me nā wahi pale, aia ma lalo o ka pale. Lawe ʻia nā hana kūpono āpau e pale ai i ka maloʻo ʻana o nā kino wai hou.
ʻO ka hippopotamus pygmy wale nō i helu ʻia i ka Buke ʻulaʻula. Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kūlana o nā mea hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka helehelena, nā ana, ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ka nui o nā canine o ka hippopotamus e kuʻi a weliweli hoʻi. Wahi a nā helu helu, hoʻouka pinepine ka hippos i nā poʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe a pau ma ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika. I ka huhū a me ka huhū, he hoʻomake hoʻomāinoino a ikaika loa ka holoholona.
Lā paʻi: 02/26/2019
Lā hou: 09/15/2019 ma 19:36
