Dia dia huelo keʻokeʻo (Odocoileus virginianus) kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o nā dia ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻelua e komo pū me nā dia mule (Odocoileus hemionus) a me nā dia huelo ʻeleʻele (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). ʻO ko lāua mau ʻohana ola ʻelua o ka dia keʻokeʻo i like ka nui o ko lāua helehelena. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā dia ʻelua i ka nui, me nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me nā aniani ʻokoʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻĀlio keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka dia keʻokeʻo huelo kekahi o nā māmela kūpono loa ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika. ʻO ke kumu nui i ola ai kēia laha no ka lōʻihi ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻololi. I ka wā i pā ai ka wā hau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā meaola he nui ke kū i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana, akā ua holomua nā dia keo keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻololi nui kēia ʻano, kōkua ʻia e ola e nā hiʻohiʻona e like me:
- nā mākala wāwae ikaika;
- nā pepeiaohao nui;
- hōʻailona hōʻailona;
- huluhulu hoʻoliʻiliʻi kala.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻohana i nā mea antlers no nā mea he nui, e like me ka hākōkō a me ka māka ʻana i kona panalāʻau. Ma kahi o 3.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loli nui nā aniani o ka dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma muli o ka pono o nā nui aʻoi aku ka nui. ʻOiai hoʻohana mua ʻia nā pepeiaohao no ka hākōkō, ʻo ka lula maʻamau o ka manamana nui ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka dia keʻokeʻo huelo kekahi o nā ʻano mammal ʻāina e ola ana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻO kēia ʻano ma kahi o 3.5 miliona mau makahiki. Ma muli o ko lākou mau makahiki, paʻakikī nā kūpuna o nā dia. Ua ʻike ʻia ka dia keʻokeʻo huelo e pili pono ana iā Odocoileus brachyodontus, me nā ʻokoʻa iki. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi ʻano moose kahiko ma ka pae DNA.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻĀlio hipa keʻokeʻo holoholona
ʻO ke dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (Odocoileus virginianus) kekahi o nā holoholona laha nui loa ma nā mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika. Hana nā ʻelua molts kau i ʻelua ʻili ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ke kala o ke kauwela he lauoho pokole a maikaʻi o ka kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Ulu kēia pelt i ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa a pani ʻia e ka waihoʻoluʻu hoʻoilo, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ke oho hulu oho hina. Hāpai ka lauoho hollow a me ka undercoat i ka pale nui mai ke anuanu hoʻoilo.
Ua kuapo ʻia ke kala hoʻoilo e ke kala kau i loko o ʻApelila a me Mei. Keokeo ka ʻōpū, ka umauma, ka ʻāʻī a me ka auwae i loko o ka makahiki. ʻO nā ʻili o nā dia hānai ʻulaʻula a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi he haneli. Kōkua kēia kala ʻike ʻia e hūnā iā lākou mai nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO ka dia me nā ʻāpana kala aberrant e ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Alabama. ʻAʻohe loa ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo (albino) a ʻeleʻele (melanistic). Eia nō naʻe, maʻa mau ka hānau pinto ma waena o Alabama. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā dia Pinto e kahi keʻokeʻo ʻaneʻane piha loa me kekahi mau kiko ʻeleʻele.
Video: ʻEleʻa huelo keʻokeʻo
He ʻaʻala maikaʻi ko nā dia keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopiha ko lākou ihu elongated me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī e piha nā miliona o nā ʻelepela olfactory. He mea nui ko lākou pilau o ka pilau no ka pale ʻana mai nā mea ʻino, ʻike ʻia o nā dia a me nā kumu meaʻai. ʻO ka mea nui paha, he mea nui ko lākou honi no ke kamaʻilio me nā dia ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka dia he ʻehiku mau gland i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mea ʻala.
He manaʻo maikaʻi loa ko ka dia. ʻO nā pepeiao nui a hoʻoneʻe e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā kani ma kahi mamao loa a hoʻoholo pololei i kā lākou kuhikuhi. Hiki i nā dia ke hana i kahi o nā kani, me nā grunts like ʻole, nā ʻalalā, nā ʻū, nā ʻūhū ʻana a me nā ʻū ʻana.
Ma kahi o 38 mau ʻāpana o nā dia keokeo i haʻi ʻia ma North, Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. He kanakolu o kēia mau ʻohana i loaʻa wale ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Waena.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā dia huelo keʻokeʻo?
Kiʻi: He dia huelo keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika
ʻIke ʻia nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma Midwest o ʻAkau ʻAmelika. Hiki i kēia dia ke noho ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, akā makemake i nā wahi mauna me nā ululāʻau deciduous. No nā dia keo keʻokeʻo, pono pono ke komo i nā mahina ākea e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka pale ʻana mai nā mea ʻino a me ka ʻai ʻana.
Aia ka hapa nui o nā dia e noho nei i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā mokuʻāina e like me:
- Arkansas;
- Keokia;
- Maikonekia;
- Karolina ʻĀkau;
- Ohio;
- Texas;
- Wisconsin;
- ʻAlapama.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole a me nā hoʻololi koke i ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā wahi o nā lāʻau oʻo a me nā wahi me nā wahi ākea ākea. No kēia kumu, loaʻa lākou i nā wahi he nui ma ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nā mea hiki ke hoʻololi a maikaʻi maikaʻi i nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻano kūlike i kūpono no ka dia, e lilo i mau lāʻau paʻakikī a i ʻole nā māla paina. E waiho wale, pono i ka reindeer i ka meaʻai, ka wai, a me ka ʻāina i ke ala kūpono. Hoʻololi ke koi a me nā pono hānai i loko o ka makahiki, no laila he wahi noho kūpono i lawa nā mea pono e pono ai i loko o ka makahiki.
He aha ka ʻai a nā dia huelo keʻokeʻo?
Kiʻi: He dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma Rūsia
Ma ka awelika, ʻai ka dia i ka 1 a i ka 3 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā no kēlā me kēia 50 kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Hoʻopau kahi dia i waena o nā hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mea hoʻomakee ka dia a, e like me nā pipi, loaʻa i kahi ʻōpū ʻehā keʻena paʻakikī. Koho loa ke dia i ke ʻano. Lōʻihi ko lākou waha a kālele ʻia i nā koho meaʻai kikoʻī.
ʻOkoʻa kaʻai a ka dia e like me kona ʻano. ʻAi kēia mau māmela i nā lau, nā lālā, nā hua a me nā pua o nā kumu lāʻau like ʻole, nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumu waina. ʻAi pū ʻo Reindeer i nā mauʻu, nā mauʻu, nā mea mahi mahiʻai a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻalalapa he nui.
ʻAʻole like me nā bipi, ʻaʻole ʻai ka dia i kahi ʻano palena wale o nā meaʻai. Hiki i nā dia keo keʻokeʻo ke ʻai i nā nui o nā mea kanu āpau i loaʻa i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hana nā reindeer āpau i ka nele i ka meaʻai, ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai like ʻole a me nā mea like ʻole ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana o kā lākou papaʻai maʻamau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: He dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka nahele
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hui o nā dia huelo keʻokeʻo i ʻelua mau ʻano. Hoʻopili kēia i nā hui ʻohana, me nā dia a me kāna mau keiki ʻōpio, a me nā hui kāne. E noho pū ka hui ʻohana ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia nā hui kāne kāne me kahi hierarchy mana o 3 a 5 mau kānaka.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i kēia mau hui ʻelua o ka dia ke ʻākoakoa pū e hana i nā kaiāulu a hiki i ka 150 poʻe. Hoʻomaopopo kēia hoʻohui i nā ala no ka hānai ʻana a hāʻawi pū ʻia ka pale mai nā mea ʻino. Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana o ke kanaka, hiki i kēia mau wahi ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā dia kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻole o ke dia e ʻumeʻume i nā mea ʻaihue, hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi, hoʻonui i ka huhū i ke kaiāulu, alakaʻi i ka ʻai nui ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōiwi a ʻoi aku nā kuʻi.
Maikaʻi loa ke dia huelo keʻokeʻo i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ka holo ʻana a me ka lele ʻana. He hollow hollow ka ʻili hoʻoilo o kahi māmele, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ia mea i piha me ka ea. Mahalo i kēia holoholona paʻakikī e pohō, ʻoiai inā ua luhi. Hiki i nā dia keokeo ke lele i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 58 km / h, ʻoiai ke poʻo maʻamau no ka wahi huna loa a ʻaʻole huakaʻi i nā wahi lōʻihi. Hiki i ka dia ke lele i 2.5 mau mika i ke kiʻekiʻe a 9 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā dia huelo keʻokeʻo, hiki iā ia ke hehi a hū e makaʻala i nā dia ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka holoholona ke "māka" i ka ʻāina a hāpai i kona huelo e hōʻike i kona keʻokeʻo ma lalo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: cuber dia huelo keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kaiaulu o nā dia keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo ma waho o ka wā hānau ke kau ʻia ma luna o nā hui kaiaulu ʻelua: matriarchal a me kāne. ʻO nā hui Matriarchal he wahine, kona makuahine, a me nā pua wahine. ʻO nā hui Buck he mau hui kūʻokoʻa i piha i nā dia makua.
Ua kākau nā noiʻi i nā lā hāpai awelika mai ka Lā Hoʻomaikaʻi a i waena o Kekemapa, Ianuali mua, a ʻo Pepeluali hoʻi. No ka hapanui o nā wahi, ke kau hānau hānau kiʻekiʻe i ka waena a i ka hopena o Ianuali. I kēia wā, hoʻololi nā hormonal i nā kāne keokeo. Lilo i ka dia makua a ʻoi aku ka hakakā a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomanawanui i nā kāne ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, māka nā kāne a pale i nā wahi hānau ma o ka hana ʻana i nā māka he nui i loko o kā lākou pae. I ka wā hānau, hiki i ke kāne ke male me ka wahine i mau manawa.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka hana, lilo ka wahine hāpai i mau mehameha a pale aku i kāna ʻāina mai nā dia ʻē aʻe. Hānau ʻia ʻo Fawns ma kahi o 200 mau lā ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana. Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, hānau ʻia ka hapanui o nā fawns mai ka hopena o Iulai a i ka waena o ʻAukake. Aia ka helu o nā keiki i ka makahiki a me ke kūlana o ka wahine. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi, hoʻokahi wahine a hoʻokahi wahine i hoʻokahi makahiki, akā kākaʻikahi loa nā māhoe.
ʻO nā holoholona ʻo Reindeer i loko o nā wahi noho maikaʻi ʻole, i noho nui ʻia e nā kānaka, hiki ke hōʻike i ke ola maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o nā keiki. I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole neʻe ka wahine ma mua o 100 mau mika mai kāna mau keiki. Hoʻomaka ʻo Fawns e hele pū me ko lākou makuahine ma ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule o ko lākou makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā dia keo keʻokeʻo
Kiʻi: ʻĀlio keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
Noho ka dia keʻokeʻo huelo i nā wahi ulu lāʻau. I kekahi mau wahi, pilikia ka nui o ka dia. ʻO nā ʻīlio hina hina a me nā liona mauna ka mea i kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu, akā ma muli o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala kanaka ʻana, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā liona mauna i waiho ʻia ma ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kekahi manawa i lilo i pio no nā coyotes, akā ʻo nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio nā ʻenemi nui o kēia laha. Ma muli o ka nui ʻole o nā mea kūlohelohe, lilo ka nui o nā dia i kekahi manawa no ka nui o ke kaiapuni, kahi e make ai ka dia i ka pōloli. Ma nā wahi kaiāulu, kōkua ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona, akā ma nā kaona a me nā kaona, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, no laila ke ulu mau nei ka helu o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ka ola maikaʻi ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka hōʻoki loa ʻana o kēia dia.
ʻO nā hoʻoweliweli i ka heluna o nā dia huelo keʻokeʻo (ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea kūlohelohe) me:
- ʻaihue;
- hū ke kaʻa;
- maʻi.
Nui ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ʻike maka ʻilihuna loa nā dia. ʻO nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻike dichromatic, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻike lākou i ʻelua kala. Ma muli o ka nele o ka hihiʻo maikaʻi, ua hoʻomohala nā dia keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano o ka pilau e ʻike i nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO ka maʻi Catarrhal (Blue Tongue) kahi maʻi e pili ana i nā dia he nui. Lawe ʻia ka maʻi e ka nalo a kumu i ka pehu ʻana o ke alelo a lilo pū ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka mālama ʻole i ko lākou mau wāwae. Nui nā poʻe e make i loko o hoʻokahi pule. Inā ʻole, hiki i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i 6 mau mahina. Hoʻopili pū kēia maʻi i nā ʻano mammals ʻāina he nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻĀlio hipa keʻokeʻo holoholona
Kākaʻikahi ka dia ma ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina o ʻAkau ʻAmelika a hiki i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ua koho ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1900 aia ma kahi o 2000 mau dia wale nō ma Alabama wale nō. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka, ua helu ʻia ka heluna dia ma Alabama ma 2000 i 1.75 miliona mau holoholona.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hema e hoʻonui ʻia me nā dia. ʻO ka hopena, hōʻino nā mea kanu, a piʻi ka helu o nā hoʻokuʻi ma waena o nā dia a me nā kaʻa. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo nā mea nui o nā dia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻo Virginia (O. v. Virginianus). Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka dia keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo ma nā moku Midwestern i nā makahiki mua o ka makahiki 1900, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻOihana Hoʻomalu me nā poʻe a me nā hui e hakakā e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā dia i nā makahiki 1930.
I nā makahiki mua o ka makahiki 1900, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kānāwai e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hopu holoholona dia, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī lākou e hoʻokō. Ma ka 1925, aia wale nō he 400 mau dia ma Missouri. ʻO kēia ʻokiʻoki ka hopena o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo ʻo Missouri i hoʻopau i ka ʻimi holoholona a pau loa a hoʻokō ikaika i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu a me nā hoʻoponopono hoʻōla.
Ua hoʻāʻo ka ʻĀina mālama e hoʻoneʻe i nā dia i Missouri mai Michigan, Wisconsin, a me Minnesota e kōkua i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i nā holoholona. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe mālama mālama e hoʻokō i nā rula i kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana. Ma ka 1944, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā dia i 15,000.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka helu o nā dia ma Missouri wale nō he 1.4 miliona mau kānaka, a ʻimi ʻimi nā mea ʻimi holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o 300 tausani holoholona. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka ʻōlapa deer ma Missouri e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka heluna kanaka ma kahi pae i loko o ka mana olaola o ke kūlohelohe.
Dia dia huelo keʻokeʻo He holoholona lokomaikaʻi a nani hoʻi i hana i ke kuleana nui i ka holoholona lōhiu. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ke olakino o nā ululāʻau, pono e kaulike nā pūʻā reindeer me ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO ke kaulike kūlohelohe kahi mea nui no ka pono o nā holoholona lōhiu.
Lā paʻi: 11.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 14:45
