Kū hoʻokahi kekahi mau holoholona i ka kūlohelohe ʻaʻohe poʻe i aʻo ʻia ma kā mākou honua i ʻike ʻole iā lākou. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau holoholona bear polar... He ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā ʻohana pili loa i ka helehelena a me kahi nohona. He mamao loa kēia mai nā ʻano bea he nui loa, a ʻo kēia ke kumu e hoʻonui ai ka hoihoi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Polar bear
Wahi a nā noiʻi hou, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema i ka bear polar, ma ke ʻano he ʻano, ua kū mai nei ma o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka makahiki o nā laha i 150 mau makahiki wale nō. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi piha i kēia ʻike, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kūpuna o kēia holoholona i kona mau pilikia ponoʻī. Kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena o ka hau, malia paha e mālama nui ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma laila.
No laila, pili ka bear polar i ka papa o nā mammals, ke kaʻina o nā predators, ka suborder o nā holoholona canine, ka ʻohana bear, ka genus o nā bea. Kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi he bea polar, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pea ʻākau a kai paha. Manaʻo ʻia ua ulu nā polar bear mai nā bear brown i ka papa o ka evolution a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā latitude polar ʻākau.
Video: Polar Bear
I ke kenekulia o kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi laha waena - he pilikua nui, he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ka nui o kona mau iwi ma mua o nā mea o kēia au, ua kaupalena ʻia nā mea i loaʻa i kekahi mau iwi. ʻO ka DNA o kēia ʻano e like me ka bear bear a me ka keʻokeʻo hou. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he loulou waena i ka evolution.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano laha i ka wā o ka evolution, palena palena loa nā holoholona e nā kūlana nohona a me ke ʻano o nā meaʻai. ʻO kēia kahi o nā predator mana nui a weliweli hoʻi. Nui loa kona kino: hiki i 3 mau mika ka lōʻihi a hiki i 1.5 mau mika i ka maloʻo. ʻO ke kaumaha o ia holoholona he nui loa: ʻo nā kāne nui loa he 800 - 1000 kg, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a ʻo ka mea nui o lākou he aneane 400 kg kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Bea polar holoholona
ʻO nā bea Polar he holoholona nui, kaumaha. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo i ke kino, elongated, pālahalaha iki. Poepoe nā maka, hoʻonoho kokoke i ka ihu. Ma luna o nā maka, ʻike maopopo ʻia ke kōkua o ka iwi poʻo, ma aneʻi ka bear i momona momona lahilahi. Pokole nā pepeiao, poepoe, liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ihu, me he ʻīlio lā. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻāʻī o ka bea polar mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka lōʻihi, hoʻonui ʻia i mua a lahilahi ma ke poʻo ponoʻī. Ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī e hoʻonui, hele i loko o ka pahu. Nui loa ia i ka bea, hana ʻia kahi leo hou e kahi mānoanoa, lōʻihi, ʻaʻahu a me lalo.
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o kona mau wāwae. Me hoʻokahi hahau, hiki i ka bea ke pepehi i kāna mea pio, inā he ʻano waena ia. Kupanaha, ʻoiai ke kaumaha o nā lālā, wikiwiki ʻo ia a holo wikiwiki. Ke nānā nei i ka bea polar mai ka ʻaoʻao, hiki ke kapa ʻia he lokomaikaʻi a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi. He mau membrane ko ka bear ma waena o nā manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua, kōkua lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā hahau ikaika, me kā lākou mau holoholona kōkua e ʻauʻau maikaʻi. Pau ke kino i kahi huelo keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā bea Polar e noho i ke anuanu kupaianaha, i waena o ka hau a me ka hau, a ʻau i ka wai anuanu. Ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe iā lākou i kahi mānoanoa o ka momona, a i 13 cm.
Mānoanoa ka ʻili o nā bea, ʻeleʻele, ʻike maopopo ʻia ia ma nā ʻūhā, a, i ka mea i puka aʻe, aia ka hulu hipa ma nā kapuaʻi. ʻAe kēia i nā bea e neʻe wiwo ʻole a ʻaʻole hoʻi e heʻe i ka hau. A ʻo ka hulu hipa ka mea maopopo loa, ʻeleʻele, lokoʻino, ʻelua papa, mānoanoa - pale ʻia ka bear mai ke aniau ʻino.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bear polar?
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula Polar
Kamaʻāina ke anu i ka bea, mahalo iā ia i kū mai kēia ʻano, a he kūpono iā ia ke ola i nā ʻano like ʻole. Pono ke kai ma kahi kokoke i ka nohona. ʻAʻole hele lōʻihi nā bea i ke kuhikuhi o ka ʻāina, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻau me ka palekana i nā ʻau hau. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ʻauʻau mai ke kapakai a hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomita.
ʻO ka mamao o ka moʻolelo i ʻau mai ka bea mai ke kahakai mai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me 600 km. I ka wai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, lana ka manaʻo e hopu i kā lākou mea pio. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he kai.
Noho ka helu nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka ma kahakai o ka Moana Arctic. Noho kēia mau bea ʻākau i nā mokupuni anuanu loa o ka honua, no ka laʻana, nā mokupuni o Kanada a me Greenland, nā mokupuni o nā kai ʻākau āpau e holoi iā Eurasia, ʻo ia hoʻi: ke Kai Barents, Chukchi, East Siberian, Okhotsk a me Kara, ke kai Laptev a me ke kai Beaufort. ʻO nā wahi hema loa o ka polar bear kahi e noho ai ka moku ʻo Alaska a me ke kapakai o Nolewai. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ke hele kokoke mai nā bea i nā ʻoihana e ʻimi i nā meaʻai i nā lā pōloli, kākau pinepine ʻia kēia e pili ana i ka nūhou.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, mālama ʻia nā bea i loko o nā pā me kahi wai nui. Pono lākou i ka wai i nā manawa āpau, keu i ke kauwela. I ka wela i loko o ka zoo, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pinepine i kahi polar bear e lele ana i loko o ka wai, ʻauʻau, pāʻani ana i loko, a puka wale i ka ʻāina e lele hou i lalo.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka bea?
Kiʻi: Polar Bear
ʻO nā bea Polar ka mea hōkai nui a koi aku i kahi nui o nā meaʻai. Ma muli o ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka nohona a lākou e noho nei, ua kaupalena ʻia ka papaʻai o kēia mau holoholona - ma hope o nā mea āpau o ka bea aia wale nō paha kēlā mau holoholona e noho nei i nā ʻano like, a ʻaʻohe nui o lākou a ʻike nui ʻia lākou i ka wai.
Hiki ke helu ʻia ka meaʻai nui no nā bea ma nā manamana lima:
- Hōʻailona hāpa;
- Sila sila
- Nā ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi;
- Walrus ʻōpio;
- ʻO Narwhals;
- Kohola Beluga;
- Iʻa;
- Kalakaua;
- Hua manu.
Alualu lākou i nā māmela ma nā lana hau, nānā i waho, a laila jam i kā lākou mea pio, a i ʻole hoʻokomo i ke poʻo i ka wai a hopu iā lākou me ko lākou niho. ʻO nā mea i makemake nui ʻia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā sila a me nā sila. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kahi holoholona, hānai mua lākou i ka ʻili a me ka momona subcutaneite, ke koena e like me ka makemake. Ma ka awelika, hiki i ka 10 kg o ka meaʻai ka lawa no lākou e māʻona i ko lākou pōloli. Akā inā ma hope o ka holoholo lōʻihi ʻana a i ʻole hibernation, a laila mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻai i nā mea āpau a hiki i ka hiki ke omo i nā 20 kg o ka meaʻai.
I ke kauwela, paʻakikī ka hānai ʻana i nā bea i kekahi mau wahi, ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke hoʻi ʻana o nā aniani mai kahi a lākou e alualu ai. Koi aku kēia iā lākou e hele i uka e ʻimi i nā pūnana manu, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole nā cesspools a me nā ʻōpala.
Kū i nā bea a hele i loko o kahi ʻōloli pōloli. Hiki ke lōʻihi i ʻehā mau mahina. Akā ua mākaukau nā holoholona no kēia, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā mālama mālama momona i mea hoʻomehana wale nō, akā he kumu waiwai no nā manawa pololi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Bea polar nui
ʻO nā makemake nui ʻelua o nā bea polar ka meaʻai a me ka hiamoe. A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha i ke ʻano anuanu. Hoʻolālā ka holoholona i ka manawa he nui i ka hau, ʻimi a ʻai i ka poʻe i loaʻa. ʻO ka hopu holoholona ko lākou ola. Auwana lākou ma kahakai, e nānā ana i nā walrus ʻōpio. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea liʻiliʻi, nānā iki ka bear iā ia. Kōkua nui ke kala keʻokeʻo ma aneʻi, hoʻowalewale ia i ka bea i ke kumu o ka hau. Ke loaʻa nei iā ia he ʻumi mau mika mai ka pale aku, lele ka bear i mua i kāna mea pio. Akā paʻakikī nā walrus makua no lākou, a i ka wai hiki iā lākou ke hakakā.
Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, hiki i ka bea ke hiamoe no kekahi mau hola, a ma hope e alualu hou aku nō ia. Pono kēia i mea e mālama ai i ka momona, no ka mea, ʻo ka Moana Arctic ka pilikia ponoʻī. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, he laha kēia, ke neʻe nei ka hau a pau mai ke kahakai, hiki ʻole i ka bea ke ʻimi a koi iā ia e ʻimi i kahi meaʻai liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina.
I nā kāne a me nā wahine hāpai ʻole, eia ke ola penei: ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka hiamoe ʻokoʻa. No ka hoʻoilo, hibernate paha lākou, akā ʻaʻole pono kēia. A inā e moe ka bea i ka lua, a laila ʻaʻole lōʻihi ia. Hiki ke hiamoe mai hoʻokahi mahina a i ʻekolu, a laila - huli hou.
Hāʻule mau nā wahine hāpai, a no kahi wā lōʻihi, mai ʻOkakopa a ʻApelila. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka polar bear i nā holoholona hihiu he 20-30 mau makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bea Polar i kahi ola me ka ʻole o nā frills. ʻO nā mea ola āpau e noho kokoke ana he meaʻai hiki. No laila, hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka a me nā ʻīlio hoʻi.
Ua hoʻomaopopo lōʻihi nā poʻe hahai holoholona i ka hoʻopili kupaianaha o kēia mau holoholona i ko lākou mau makuahine no nā keiki. Nui nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka wā e waiho ai ka bear i ka uē a palu i nā keiki make, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pilikia e hiki mai ana iā ia. A ʻike ʻia hoʻi nā hōʻike o ka hoʻouka kaua kūʻē i nā mea pepehi kanaka.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nā keiki bear polar
Noho kaʻawale nā polar bear ma ke ʻano, nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hiki iā lākou ke holoholo a ʻimi alualu kekahi i kekahi, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou pili nui. Ke hoʻomaka ka wā moʻo no nā holoholona, a ʻo kēia ka puna, Malaki - Iune, hiki i nā kāne ke hui pū me nā wahine a komo i nā hakakā me nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hele pū me kēlā me kēia wahine mākua me nā kāne kāne moekolohe. Hāpai ʻo ia me hoʻokahi mea lanakila.
ʻEwalu mau mahina o ka hāpai ʻana. I kēia manawa, hoʻomalu nā wahine i kahi ana a hele i ka hibernation. Ma ka puna, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau keiki, akā ʻo ka hapanui he ʻelua o lākou. ʻO ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi pēpē ma lalo o kahi kilokilo, a ʻaʻohe hulu hipa. I ka iwakālua pākēneka o nā hihia, make nā pēpē. A hiki i hoʻokahi mahina, makapō loa nā keiki, ulu lohi a ulu pono lākou i ka mehana a me ka mālama ʻana o nā mākua. ʻO ka wā lactation i nā bear bear a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki. Hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki, hiki i nā keiki ke noho me ko lākou makuahine, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e alakaʻi i kahi ola mehameha.
Ua hele a moekolohe nā wahine mai ka makahiki ʻehā, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hānau i kā lākou keiki mua i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki ʻewalu. Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki a i ʻole ma hope. Hāʻawi ka makuahine, ka bea, i ʻekolu mau makahiki i ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū. ʻO kēia ke koho kūleʻa loa ke hānau nā wahine i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki. Akā i ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā pilikia a hāpai nui nā wahine i ka manawa pinepine. No laila, paʻakikī loa e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā bea polar.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā bea kau
Kiʻi: Siberian polar bear
Ma waena o nā poʻe o ka ʻākau, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka bea kiki. Kakaikahi ka poʻe i hiki ke pale me ke kanaka makua. Eia nō naʻe, ke hana nei i ka wā eʻauʻau ana a me ka luʻu ʻana, ʻoiai e ʻimi ana ka bea iā ia iho, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā walrus makua me nā tusks nunui, a i kekahi manawa he koholā kohola - nā mea ʻai kai nui - hoʻouka iā ia
I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻenemi o nā bea polar, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka weliweli o kā lākou mau keiki. ʻAʻohe o lākou kōkua ʻole, i ka kaʻawale ʻana mai ko lākou makuahine, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i pio i nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina āpau:
- Volkov;
- Pestsov;
- ʻĪlio;
- Manu manu lele.
Inā ʻike ʻia a neʻe ʻia ka makuahine no ka hopu pio, hoʻoweliweli koke ʻia nā keiki, ʻo ka mea kūpono ʻole a naʻaupō hoʻi hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki e hālāwai me ka make. ʻOiai i pale ʻia me ka pale ʻana, hāʻule pinepine ka bea i nā mea ʻānai manu. ʻO ke kanaka ka mea ʻenemi nui o nā bea polar.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Polar bear mai ka Red Book
Wahi a nā ʻike hou loa, ʻo ka huina nui o nā bea polar he 20-25 tausani mau kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, wānana nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻemi o ka helu i ka hapakolu e 2050.
ʻEkolu mau heluna o nā bea kiki i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua.
- Chukotka-Alaska;
- Kai Kara-Barents;
- Laptevskaya.
I Lūkia, helu ʻia nā bea polar i loko o ka Red Book ma lalo o ke kūlana o kahi ʻano palupalu. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā bea polar ke kānalua ʻia: ulu lohi lākou, a ʻaʻole hāʻule ka make. ʻOiai ʻo nā pāpā ma nā pana pana, he nui ka poʻe i lilo i mea hōʻino ʻia no ka ʻili a me ka pīhoihoi wale i ka ʻimi holoholona. Eia kekahi, nā kino o nā holoholona deteriorates.
Wanana nā ʻepekema i kahi hoʻomehana e kū maikaʻi ʻole no kēia ʻano. Mai ka hau hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻonele ʻia nā bea i ko lākou wahi nui a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, wī a make i mua o ka manawa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa e haʻalele ai i nā keiki. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻino ke kaolaola o ka nohona, pili kēia i ka helu o nā heluna a hoʻemi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Pale pale polar
Kiʻi: Bea polar holoholona
I ka wā ma mua, i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha, hoʻopau ka poʻe hahai holoholona i nā bea no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili. Kū hoʻokahi ka holoholona, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻili me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Akā me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hoihoi i ka kūlohelohe i waena o nā kānaka, ua hoʻomaka ka pale o ka makemake e mālama i nā ʻano laha o nā holoholona e ke kānāwai.
Mai ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā bea polar ma Lūkia. ʻO Alaska, Kanada a me Greenland nā quota kūikawā no ka poʻe hahai holoholona. Kūlike kēia mau quota i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hilinaʻi ana i nā manaʻo a me nā helu ʻana o nā ʻepekema.
I ka 1973, ua kau inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike ma waena o nā ʻāina me ka nui o nā lehulehu o nā bea i ko lākou pale ʻana. Ua lilo ka hopu holoholona ʻana iā lākou i mea lawehala, koe wale nō nā hana kuʻuna o ka lāhui ʻōiwi ʻo Arctic.
Eia kekahi, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā holoholona o ka holoholona, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mālama kūlohelohe ma Wrangel Island ma 1976; ua koho nā bea i kēia wahi no ka hānau keiki. I ke kenekulia 21, ua kau inoa ʻo Lūkia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi ʻaelike no ka mālama ʻana i ka lāhui Chukotka-Alaska. ʻOiai nā hoʻoikaika ʻana, kaumaha ka wānana no ka helu o nā bea no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai nā hana āpau a ka poʻe, aia kekahi e uhaʻi i nā lula āpau a hoʻopau i nā bea. Hoʻonele ka hoʻomehana honua i nā holoholona i nā meaʻai maikaʻi, a maikaʻi ʻole ka haumia o ke kaiapuni i ko lākou olakino.
I kēia manawa he nui nā manawa kūpono a makemake ka poʻe e kōkua i nā holoholona i ke kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi kēia i ka manaʻolana i kēlā bear polar e maikaʻi a hoʻonui i ka helu i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Ka lā paʻi: 07.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 16:20
