Sterlet mai kaʻohana Sturgeon, ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa kahiko loa, ke ʻano o ia mau lā mai ka wā Silurian mai. Ma waho, he like ka sterlet me nā ʻano bio-pili: ʻo Sturgeon, Stellate Stormate or Beluga. Pili ia i ka mahele o nā iʻa waiwai. Ma muli o ka emi nui o nā helu, hoʻoponopono pololei ʻia kāna lawaiʻa i kāna wahi maoli.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Sterlet
ʻO ka moʻaukala o nā ʻano i ka hopena o ka wā Silurian - ma kahi o 395 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I loko o kēia wā i hoʻololi ʻia kahi loli nui i nā iʻa prehistoric like me ka iʻa: ka loli i ka iwi ā o nā aʻa o mua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka piʻo kākā, nona kahi kinona kinona, loaʻa kahi articulation articular, e kōkua iā ia e pelu i loko o ka pālua o ke apo o ka hapalua. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i kekahi ʻano like o ka māiʻuʻu i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka pae aʻe ka pili o ka iwi poʻo me ke apo o ka hapalua o luna. ʻO kekahi o lākou (ka iwi ā lalo) e hoʻomau i ka neʻe.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā loli i loaʻa me nā iʻa, ua lilo lākou i mau mea ʻaihue maoli, ua lilo kā lākou papaʻai i mea like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo nā kūpuna o nā sterlet a me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe wale nō i plankton. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka sterlet - kahi a lākou i ola ai a hiki i kēia lā, i hoʻokumu ʻia 90-145 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo aʻe he mau wā kēia iʻa o nā dinosaur. Wale, like me nā holoholona kolo prehistoric, ua pakele lākou i kahi ola o nā pōpilikia ākea a hiki i kēia lā kokoke i hoʻololi ʻole.
'Speakslelo kēia e pili ana i ka plasticity o ka iʻa, ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana kaiapuni a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka kūlohelohe i ka nui. ʻO ka wā lā o nā sterlet a me nā Stregeon ʻē aʻe i hoʻi mai i ka wā Mesozoic. A laila ua kipaku liʻiliʻi ʻia nā iʻa iwi mai iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o nā mea kaua, ua ola kūleʻa ka paʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa Sterlet
No Sterlet ka papa o ka iʻa cartilaginous. ʻO ke ʻano o nā unahi e like me nā papa iwi. Uhi puni ʻia ke kino kālī elongated me lākou. ʻO ke ʻano o ka iʻa Sturgeon ka notochord cartilaginous, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka iwi. ʻAʻohe ʻo Vertebrae i loko o nā iʻa makua. ʻO ka iwi iwi a me ka iwi poʻo o ka sterlet he cartilaginous; aia he mau lālani 5 o nā iwi kuamoʻo ma ke kino.
Hiki i ka waha ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, ʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe niho. Ma lalo o ka iwi kuamoo ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, e pili ana i ka esophagus. He spithagus kā nā Sterlets a me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe - nā puka e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia mai nā puka aniani a i nā poʻi. ʻO ka manō keʻokeʻo nui he mea like. ʻO ka helu o nā gills nui 4. ʻAʻohe o nā kukuna lālā.
He kino elongated ko ka sterlet a me kahi poʻo triangular ʻano nui. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ihu, conical, bifurcated ka lehelehe lalo. ʻO kēia nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa. I ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka ihu, aia nā ʻumiʻumi fringed, a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻano paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe. Aia he 2 ʻano o ka sterlet: nosed-nosed (ʻano mana) a ihu kuamoʻo, me ka ihu i hoʻopuni ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, he poʻe hiki ʻole ke hoʻohua i nā ihu ʻōmaka pū kekahi, a me nā mea i hānai ʻia, hānai ʻia me ka hana hewa ʻole. Liʻiliʻi a koʻikoʻi nā maka o nā sterlets.
Ma ka ʻili o ke poʻo o ka sterlet, aia nā pale iwi i ulu like. Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā ganoid (i loaʻa kahi enamel-like mea) unahi me nā kuahiwi e like me nā protrusions e like me nā hua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i ka sterlet mai ka nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ka fin dorsal i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka huelo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka huelo he mea maʻamau ia no nā Stregeon: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lobe o luna ma mua o ka mea haʻahaʻa. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻāhinahina kala ʻia nā brownlets, i kekahi manawa me nā wahi melemele māmā. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kua; i kekahi poʻe, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū.
ʻO Sterlet ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa paʻa. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā mākua ma mua o 1.2-1.3 m. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā cartilaginous i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - 0.3-0.4 m. ʻAʻohe o ka wahine dimorphism moekolohe. Kūlike loa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ke kala a me ka nui. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā unahi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sterlet?
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka sterlet
ʻO ka nohona o nā sterlets nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai: ʻEleʻele, Caspian a me Azov. Loaʻa kēia iʻa i ka Northern Dvina. Mai nā kahawai ʻo Siberian - i ka Ob, Yenisei. Hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka sterlet i nā kahawai i waiho ʻia i ke kīʻaha o nā loko: Onega a me Ladoga. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma Oka, Nemunas (Neman) a me kekahi mau waihona wai. I nā kikoʻī kikoʻī - e pili ana i nā kūlana ola i nā waihona wai nui loa.
- ʻO Dvina ʻĀkau a me Komohana - hoʻopili ʻia nā sterlets e mālama i nā laha.
- Ob. ʻO nā lehulehu he nui loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka nuku o ka muliwai Barnaulka.
- ʻO Enisey. Loaʻa ka sterlet, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma lalo o ka waha o ka Angara, a ʻo nā kahawai o ka muliwai.
- Nemunas (Neman), Pechora, ʻOka, Amur - lawe ʻia iʻa iʻa me ka hana hewa ʻole.
- Don, Ural - kākaʻikahi nā sterlets, he hoʻokahi mau hiʻohiʻona.
- Kahului. Mai ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 20, ka heluna kanaka, ka mea i lehulehu ma mua, ua lilo i lahilahi loa.
- Kama. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka heluna kanaka sterlet, ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nāhelehele a me ka ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai i ka muliwai.
- Kuban. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka lae hema loa o ka pae sterlet. Liʻiliʻi ka helu o ka sterlet, akā ke hoʻonui nei i ka piʻi.
- ʻO Irtysh. Loaʻa nā hipa lehulehu loa ma ka waena o ka muliwai.
Noho wale ka sterlet i loko o nā kino wai maʻemaʻe, makemake i ka lepo i uhi ʻia me ke one a ʻiliʻili paha. Noho kokoke nā wahine i ka lalo o ka waihona wai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka eleu o nā kāne a lilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka kolamu wai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka sterlet?
Kiʻi: Sterlet i ka nāhelehele
He ʻaihue ʻo Sterlet. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna papaʻai i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, hānai ia i nā holoholona benthic: nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, nā mea kino palupalu, nā ilo, nā larva insect. Nanea lākou i ka sterlet a me ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Hānai nā mākua nunui i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻalo i nā pio nui.
Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā wahine ma ka lalo, a ʻau nui nā kāne i ke kolamu wai, ʻokoʻa ka ʻai o kā lākou papaʻai. ʻO ka manawa ʻoi loa e alualu ai i ka sterlet i ka pō. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻōpio a me ka ʻai ka meaolaola a me ka plankton. Ke ulu nei ka iʻa, ʻano nui aʻe kāna "papa kuhikuhi".
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Sterlet
He ʻaihue ʻo Sterlet e hoʻonohonoho wale i nā kahawai maʻemaʻe. I kekahi manawa ʻauʻau nā sterlets i ke kai, akā i ka manawa like noho lākou kokoke i ka waha o ka muliwai. I ke kauwela, noho ka sterlet ma kahi pāpaʻu, komo nā ʻōpio i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kūʻono kokoke i ka waha. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aniau anu, hele ka iʻa i loko o ka hohonu, e ʻimi ana i nā lua i kapa ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻo ia iā lākou no ka hibernation. I ke kau anuanu, hana ʻole nā sterlets, ʻaʻole e ʻai i kekahi mea, mai ʻimi alualu. Ma hope o ka hāmama o ka wai, haʻalele ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu a holo i luna o ka muliwai e ʻōniu ai.
ʻO nā Sterlets, e like me nā stefleons āpau, he livers lōʻihi ma waena o nā iʻa. Hiki i ko lākou ola ke ola i 30 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka poʻokela o ke ola lōʻihi i waena o nā mea ʻoi loa. Noho ʻo Lake Stalgeon no 80 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Iʻa Sterlet
Noho kaʻawale ka hapa nui o nā iʻa paʻa. Ma kēiaʻano, he ʻokoʻa ka sterlet i ka lula. ʻO kā lākou mea kūikawā ka ʻāpā iʻa i loko o nā kula nui. ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka hibernates, akā me nā kaikunāne he nui. ʻO ka helu o nā sterlet e kali nei i ke anuanu i nā lua lalo e ana ʻia i nā haneli. Kaomi ikaika ʻia lākou i kekahi i kekahi ʻaʻole paʻakikī lākou e neʻe i kā lākou mau lola a me nā ʻūhā.
Manaʻo ʻia nā kāne e moekolohe ma 4-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka oʻo ʻana i nā wahine e 7-8 makahiki. I nā makahiki he 1-2 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, mākaukau hou ka wahine no ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kēia ka manawa e pono ai ka iʻa e hoʻōla mai ke kaʻina hana luhi. Hāʻule ka wā hānau no ka sterlet i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ke kakahiaka nui paha, mai ka waenakonu a hiki i ka hopena o Mei, ke kau ʻia ka mahana o ka wai ma 7-20 kekelē. ʻO ke kaōhana mahana ʻoi loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai mai 10 a 15 kekelē. Hiki ke manawa o ka spawning ma mua a ma hope paha, e like me ka mahana o ka wai a me kona pae.
ʻAʻole hua mai nā Volga sterlets i ka manawa like. Hoʻomaka mua ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i nā poʻe e noho ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai. ʻO ke kumu ua kahe ka wai i kēia mau wahi ma mua. ʻOi aku ka iʻa i nā wahi maʻemaʻe me kahi au wikiwiki, lalo me nā ʻiliʻili. ʻO ka helu o nā hua i kau ʻia e ka wahine sterlet i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ʻoi aku ma mua o 16 tausani. Piʻiliʻi nā huamoa, ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Uhi ʻia lākou me kahi mea paʻa, a pili lākou i nā pōhaku. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, kālua ʻia. ʻO ka ʻeke yolk i nā holoholona ʻōpio e nalowale ma kahi o ka ʻumi o ka lā. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻea kekahi mau ʻōpio i ka lōʻihi o 15 mm. Pili ka momona o ke kanaka i kona makahiki. ʻO ka ʻōpio ka sterlet, nā hua liʻiliʻi i kau ʻia. E waiho ana nā iʻa ma luna o 15 mau makahiki ma kahi o 60 tausani mau hua.
ʻOkoʻa ka helehelena o ka palai mai ko ka poʻe mākua. Uhi ʻia ke poʻo i nā wili liʻiliʻi. Liʻiliʻi ka waha, transverse. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ke kala ma mua o ka iʻa makua. He malu ʻeleʻele ko ka huelo. Ke ulu nei nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma kahi like kahi i pā mai ai lākou i nā hua. Wale i ka hoʻoilo 11-25 cm holo wikiwiki i ka waha o ka muliwai.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi: hiki i ka sterlet ke hoʻopili me nā iʻa Sturgeon ʻē aʻe: beluga (hybrid - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi), stellate Sturate a i ʻole Lūkini Sturate. Ulu wikiwiki nā mea maikaʻi a loaʻa ka kaumaha. I ka manawa like, ke oʻo wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me nā sterlet, hiki wawe, i mea e pono ai kēia iʻa no ka hānau ʻana i ka pio.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka sterlet
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka sterlet
ʻOiai makemake ka sterlet e pili kokoke i ka lalo o ka waihona wai, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi he nui. A ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe mākua, akā ka ʻai a me ka hua. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole kūpilikiʻi ka beluga a me ka iʻa i ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar sterlet. ʻO nā predators ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e luku nui i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā sterlet he pike perch, burbot a me pike.
I nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona, maʻi pinepine ka iʻa.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau.
- gros nekrosis;
- maʻi popo kinoea;
- saprolegniosis;
- myopathy.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Sterlet i ka nāhelehele
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka sterlet he mea ulu a he nui nā lāhui. Eia nō naʻe, ke kūlana kaiaola maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻohaumia o nā kahawai e nā kahawai, a me nā lawaiʻa ʻole ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i kahi emi nui o ka nui o nā ʻano. No laila, ua loaʻa i kēia iʻa ke kūlana o kahi ʻano palupalu e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka honua. Hoʻohui ʻia, helu ʻia ka sterlet i loko o ka Red Book ma ke kūlana o kahi ʻano bio-aneane pau ka ola.
A hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua paʻa paʻa ʻia kēia mau iʻa. I kēia manawa, kaupalena ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka sterlet. Eia nō naʻe, ke kūʻai pinepine ʻia mai nei ka iʻa i ka puhi ʻia, paʻakai, kēpā, hou a i ʻole ʻano paʻahau. ʻO ke kumu o kēia no ka hana pinepine ʻia o ka sterlet i ka lawe pio ʻana, ma nā mahiʻai i hoʻolako pono ʻia. I ka mua, ua lawe ʻia kēia mau hana e mālama i ka bio-species. A laila, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka iʻa i ka pio, ua hoʻomaka ka ala hou ʻana o nā kuʻuna o ka kuke Lūkini kahiko.
Nui a hewahewa nā ala e ulu ai i ka mahinaʻai i nā mahiʻai nā hīnaʻi:
- Noho o nā iʻa mākua i nā pā.
- Hoʻomaʻomaʻo ulu. I ka wā mua, hānai ʻia nā ʻōpio me nā crustacea, a, i ko lākou ulu ʻana, ʻokoʻa lākou i ka papaʻai me ka iʻa iʻa ʻia a me ka hānai hui.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia o nā hua - mālama iā lākou i nā kūlana kūikawā, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ke ʻano o ka palai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā sterlets i hoʻoulu ʻia ma nā mahiʻai i ka iʻa i ulu i ko lākou ʻano maoli. A kiʻekiʻe loa kā lākou kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mahiʻai iʻa kahi manawa kūpono ʻaʻole wale no ke ola ʻana o ka sterlet ma ke ʻano he biospecies, akā no ka hoʻi o kāna kūlana kalepa. ʻO ka unpretentiousness i ka meaʻai hiki ke ulu maikaʻi i ka iʻa i nā ʻano hana. He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi ke hoʻohua i nā ʻano hou o ka Sturgeon - ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ka hybrid ka mea e hoʻohui i nā pono o nā ʻano "makua" ʻelua: ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha - mai ka beluga, ka ulu mua ʻana, e like me nā sterlets. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ke hana wikiwiki i nā keiki i nā ʻano mahiʻai. ʻO ka pilikia ʻoi loa ka nohona o ka iʻa i ka hānai pūhui. Inā hana ʻoe i nā kūlana maikaʻi na lākou, a laila i loko o 9-10 mau mahina hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i kahi mea i koi ʻia mai ka mea kūʻai mai ʻelima gram fry, ke kaupaona o 0.4-0.5 kg.
Palekana Sterlet
Kiʻi: Sterlet
ʻO ka pilikia o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā heluna nui o ka sterlet e pili nui ʻole ʻia me nā loli climatic, akā me ka hana anthropogenic.
- Hoʻokuʻu i nā effluents i nā waihona. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Sterlets ke noho i ka wai haumia, wai ʻole oxygenated. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hui kemika a me nā ʻōpala hana i loko o nā kahawai he hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka helu o nā iʻa.
- ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu uila ma nā kahawai nui. Eia kekahi laʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka mana uila Volzhskaya, ua hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 90% o nā kahua hana hānai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa ke lanakila i nā keakea hana i hana ʻia i ka paʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka meaʻai no ka iʻa o ka Volga luna i alakaʻi i ka momona a hōʻino i ka hana hoʻohua o nā sterlets. A ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai, ua make ka caviar mai ka nele o ka oxygen.
- Hopu ʻae ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka sterlet me nā ʻupena i alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi o kā lākou helu.
I Rūsia, aia kahi papahana mokuʻāina e kuhikuhi i ka mālama ʻana i kēia laha. ʻO kekahi o nā ana kūleʻa ka hōʻoia hou ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o nā kino wai. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia nā lula hopu hopu Sturgeon. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi laikini kūikawā e hāʻawi iā ʻoe e hopu i kekahi iʻa makua. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka tackle zakidushki i ʻae ʻia (a ʻelima mau ʻāpana) a i ʻole, ma ke ʻano he koho, nā ʻupena 2 i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. ʻO ka helu i ʻae ʻia o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ma lalo o kahi laikini hoʻokahi manawa he 10 pcs., Mahina - 100 pcs.
Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kaupaona a me ka nui o nā iʻa:
- Lōʻihi - mai 300 mm.
- Kaona - mai 250 g.
ʻO ka wā i ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai Iulai a Kepakemapa. Ka palena o ka nui o nā laikini, no laila ʻo ka poʻe makemake e mālama pono i kā lākou kākau inoa ʻana ma mua.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻo nā sterlets he ʻano lola. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka helu o kēia iʻa, pono wale ʻoe: ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano nohona maikaʻi, ka pale ʻana i nā kahua hana wai a me nā mea e kapu ai ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻO kahi kiko maikaʻi ka hybridization o Sturgeon, i ʻae i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano kūpale hiki ke hiki. E hoʻopakele ʻeleʻele pono. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi laha olaola e hiki ai ke pale aku i ka ʻōnaehana kaiaola, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā kānaka.
Lā paʻi: 30.01.2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 21:29
