ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kēlā sila pepeiao ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha loa ma ka honua. Nā holoholona nui a ikaika hoʻi e pili ana i ke kauoha o nā pinnipeds. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona ma lalo o ka wai. I ka manawa like, hoʻonohonoho lākou i kahi rookery a hānai wale i ka ʻāina.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: sila pepeiao
ʻO nā sila Steller, a i ʻole nā sila pepeiao, he carnivorous, mammal no ka ʻohana walrus (OTARIIDAE), nā papa inoa Pinnipeds papa. He holoholona kahiko loa nā sila. Ua ala aʻe ka ʻohana sila i ka wā o ka Miocene Lalo. Mai ka kapakai Pākīpika ʻo ʻApelika ʻAkau. I kēlā mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona ma mua o ko lākou wā. Eia naʻe, ua loli nā holoholona i ka wā evolution.
Ua loaʻa ka ʻohana o nā sila pepeiao i kona inoa i ka makahiki 1825 mahalo i ka loea kaulana o Pelekane ʻo John Edward Gray, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa i kēia ʻano. ʻO ka ʻohana nui o nā wepa pepeiao e komo ana a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā moʻomeheu 7 a me nā ʻano 14.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka sila pepeiao
ʻOkoʻa nā wepa pepeiao pepeiao i nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe e ke alo o nā auricle. Loaʻa i nā sila pepeiao he kino vertoid. Ma kahi o nā paws, he ʻelima mau manamana lima o nā wepa me nā lita, a he manamana nā manamana o nā ʻili. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manamana wāwae me kahi membrane ʻauʻau lahilahi e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻau koke i ka wai. Hoʻolei maʻalahi ʻia nā sila mai ka wai e ko lākou palupalu a uhi koke i kahi lōʻihi.
He ʻōnaehana kahua niho i hoʻomohala ʻia. Ma ka iwi ā lalo, aia he 5 mau molara, 2 mau ʻoki a me kahi kini. Ma ka iwi ā luna o ka holoholona he 5 mau molara, 3 incisors a me 1 canine. He 34 ka nui o nā niho ʻoi i nā ā ā o nā sila. Hānau ʻia nā sila me nā niho waiū, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā aʻa aʻa, mahalo i hiki i nā sila ke ʻai i ka iʻa, ʻānai a wili ʻana i nā iwi a me nā pūpū o nā crustacea. Pōkole ka waha o nā sila, ʻo ka iwi poʻo o ka sila e like me ka iwi poʻo o ka bea. He ʻano poepoe kona, he muʻuloʻi elongated, ʻāʻī lōʻihi. ʻElua mau pepeiao o ka pepeiao pepeiao ma ke poʻo o lākou. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia ʻano mai nā sila sila maʻamau.
Video: sila pepeiao
Huluhulu. I ka wā hānau, loaʻa i nā sila ke kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a ma hope e loli i ka hina hina. I ka lauoho o nā sila aia kahi under durny momona. ʻO ka mea e ʻae ʻole i nā sila ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mahana wela haʻahaʻa. ʻO kaʻaʻahu iā ia iho i ka makua makua ʻeleʻele a paʻa hoʻi. ʻO kaʻulaʻula o ke kapaʻahuʻula. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona kala a i ʻole nā kaha i ka ʻahu. ʻO ke kino o nā sila pepeiao elongated, muscular a wī me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me kahi huelo liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai nānā maikaʻi ʻole nā sila i ka ʻāina a ʻo ke sila hou e like me ka ʻeke, ʻauʻau lākou me ka nani a me ka nani i ka wai. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ke sila i ka wā eʻauʻau ana a hiki i 17 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.
He mea hoʻomākeʻaka ke ala o ke sila, he holoholona, neʻe ʻo ia i ka ʻāina, e hāpai ana i kona kino kiʻekiʻe me he mea lā e heʻe mālie ana i nā palaki. I loko o ka wai, lūlū nā sila me kā lākou mau palaka e neʻe ana i ka hope o ke kino e like me ka hoe hoe. ʻO nā sila he holoholona nui. ʻO ke kāne makua o ka sila pepeiao i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a 3 mau mika a hiki i ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua ke piʻi i 1 ton, e like me ka laha. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā sila pepeiao mai ka 24 a 30 mau makahiki, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka genus a kahi kanaka a me kahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sila pepeiao?
Kiʻi: sila pepeiao, he liona kai ʻo ia
ʻO ka nohona o nā sila pepeiao nui loa. ʻO kēia nā kahakai o ka Moana Arctic, ke Kai ʻInikia. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā rookeries sila ma kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho nui nā sila ma kahakai o ka ʻAkelanika. A aia kekahi mau rookeries sila ma Saint Helena, Easter Island ma Costa Rica a me Hawaii. Aia nā sila lone e kipa ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Nūlani. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe sila e nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia ka hau lana no nā sila pepeiao i lohe ʻia.
Aia kekahi e hānai hū ʻole nei i kahi no nā sila. I ke ao hou, ua heleleʻi nui nā iʻa i ka moana. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lilo ʻana o ke kai a me nā moana a puni ka honua i mea haumia a make wale ka iʻa. Hoʻohui, aia kahi lawaiʻa nui e nā kānaka a pinepine ʻole nā sila i ka meaʻai e hānai iā lākou iho. No laila, noho nā sila kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. He holoholona kai ke sila, huli ka sila i ka wai. Ma hope o ka hopu holoholona, hele mai nā sila pepeiao i uka a hoʻonohonoho i nā rookeries.
He aha ka ʻai a ka sila pepeiao?
Kiʻi: sila pepeiao
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā sila pepeiao e lawa ākea. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano iʻa o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, nā heʻe a me nā crustacea, mollusks, nā plankton like ʻole. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano peʻa huluhulu ke ʻahaʻaina i nā manu. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā penguin pēpē, akā kākaʻikahi loa lākou. ʻO nā sila ʻAkelanika kekahi o nā ʻelele wikiwiki loa o kēia ʻano, makemake wale i ka krill no ka meaʻai. I kekahi manawa, no ka pololi, hōʻea kekahi mau ʻano o nā sila pepeiao i nā penguins, ʻoiai he mea liʻiliʻi loa kēia. ʻIke ākea ia e loaʻa nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā sila make; ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia pehea a me ke kumu e ale ai nā sila i nā pōhaku.
No ka ʻimi holoholona, ʻauʻau nā sila i ka wai a hopu iʻa. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e hopu iʻa me ka sila. Me ke kōkua o kā lākou whiskers, hiki i nā sila ke ʻike i nā iʻa lalo. Hōʻoluʻolu loa ke sila i ka hanu o ka iʻa, ka mea e peʻe ma ka kai e iho ana i loko o ke one. Kupaianaha ia, akā i mea e loaʻa ai kahi flounder kanu ʻia i ke one ma lalo, he kekona wale nō ke sila. ʻO kēlā holoholona nui e koi nui i ka meaʻai, no laila ke lilo ka sila i ka hapa nui o kona manawa e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: sila nui pepeiao
Alakaʻi nā sila i kahi nohona mālie. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa a lākou e hoʻolilo ai i ka wai ma laila, huli i nā sila pepeiao a hiamoe pū kekahi. Hiamoe nā sila i ka wai me kā lākou flipers i hohola ʻia; paʻa ke sila ma ka ʻili o ka wai mahalo i kāna momona subcutaneite. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi sila ke hiamoe i ka hohonu o nā mika mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa, e kupu ana, e lawe ana i nā hanu ʻelua a hoʻi hou i hope. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ala ka holoholona. He holoholona mālie a maluhia nā sila. Ma muli o kā lākou nui nui, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū ka walrus a ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai.
I ka hānau ʻana a me nā sila hoʻoheheʻe i uka. ʻAʻole like me nā walrus, ʻalo nā wepa pepeiao i ka hau a hana i nā rookeries ma nā kapa. Ke hana nei nā sila i ka lā a me ka pō. ʻO nā sila pepeiao he holoholona polygamous gregarious. Mālama maikaʻi lākou i kā lākou keiki, hiki ke hana pū me nā sila ʻē aʻe. Ma mua o ka wā hānau, hoʻokaʻawale nā kāne i ka ʻāina, a pale iā ia mai ke komo ʻana o nā malihini i kēia ʻāina. ʻAno ʻoluʻolu mau nā sila pepeiao, a hōʻike lākou i ka huhū ke loaʻa wale nā mea hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou a i kā lākou mau keiki paha.
E pili ana i nā kānaka, palekana ʻo nā sila pepeiao pepeiao. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ka sila i ka poʻe, ʻike ʻia nā hihia i ʻaihue nā sila i ke kauā ma luna o nā moku, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e pā a hoʻopā paha i ka poʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia holoholona nui ke hōʻeha a haki paha i kekahi kanaka, a i ʻole kekahi holoholona i kokoke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻano peʻa hulu a me nā sila.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pepeiao pepeiao pepeiao
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻo nā sila pepeiao he holoholona polygamous gregarious. Noho mau lākou i nā kau nui, hoʻonohonoho i nā rookeries ma kahakai i ka wā o ka moʻa a me ka wā moulting. I ka wā hānau, hele nā kāne i uka ma mua o ka wahine, hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina a pale iā ia. Ma hope o kēlā, hele mai nā wahine i kai. Ma ka ʻāina, haki nā kāne i nā harem kūikawā, kahi e loaʻa ai mai 3 a 40 mau wahine. Hiki i nā sila pepeiao ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki 3 a 7 mau makahiki, e like me ka genus a ke kanaka.
Hānau ʻia nā sila pepe ma kahakai. Kū koke ka male ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē. He lōʻihi loa ka hānau ʻana o nā sila, kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I ka wā hānau hānau, hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi, i kekahi manawa ʻelua mau keiki. Hānau ʻia nā sila liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia mai ke poʻo a ka manamanalima keʻokeʻo maoli, i kekahi manawa me ka melemele liʻiliʻi a me ka hulu huluhulu.
Hānai ka makuahine i nā keiki me ka waiū. ʻElua mau mahina ʻo Lactation, a ma hope e aʻo ka makuahine i nā pēpē e lawaiʻa. I ka wā hānau, loaʻa i nā sila pepe pēpē kekahi o nā niho deciduous, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa hāʻule nā niho deciduous a ʻike ʻia nā molara ʻoi loa ma kā lākou wahi. Ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka iʻa a me nā pāpaʻi. Hana wale ka wahine i ka hānai keiki ʻana. ʻAʻole komo ka makuakāne a me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka pūʻolo i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kāne, ʻoiai e hānai ana i ka ʻōpio e ka wahine, kiaʻi i ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole ʻae i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e komo i ko lākou ʻāina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā sila pepeiao
Kiʻi: sila pepeiao, a liona kai paha
ʻOiai he holoholona nui nā wepa pepeiao, he mau ʻenemi liʻiliʻi ko lākou, akā aia nō lākou.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā sila pepeiao:
- Nā kohola kohola a me nā koholā. Kūleʻa wale nā kohola pepehi kanaka wale no nā sila liʻiliʻi, nā sila hulu. A ʻo nā sila hoʻi pēpē. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā mākua o nā koholā a me nā koholā pepehi kanaka.
- Bea Polar. Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi ʻo Polar bea i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻohana a ʻaʻole hoʻouka iki i nā sila. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka noho maluhia o nā polar bear a me nā sila. No ka mea ʻai pū ka bear polar iʻa, hiki iā ia ke kipaku i nā sila mai kā lākou wahi huli holoholona.
- Kanaka Hāʻawi ke kanaka i kahi makaʻu i ka wepa pepeiao. Mahalo i ke kanaka i ka ʻohana o nā sila pepeiao e kokoke ana i ka make. Ke ʻimi nei i nā sila, ka haumia o nā kino wai e alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o kēia mau pilikua kupanaha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka sila pepeiao
Ua helu ʻia nā sila pepeiao i ka puke Red a loaʻa iā lākou ke kūlana "Nā ʻano me ka emi nui o ka nui i ka hapa nui". Pale pale kūikawā ʻia nā holoholona a pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no lākou. He mea nui ka wepa i nā kaiaolaola kai. He mea nui ka noho ʻana o nā laha no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea olaola.
Pale ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā waihona ʻo Koryaksky, Komandorsky, Kronetsnorsky. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona e ke kānāwai i ka Russian Federation a me nā ʻāina he nui. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi uku nui no ka hopu ʻana a me ka waiwai o nā sila pepeiao.
Ka pale ʻana i nā sila pepeiao
Kiʻi: sila maka mai ka puke ʻula
ʻO nā ana no ka pale ʻana o kēia laha me:
- Hana ʻia o nā mālama. ʻO ka pale sila ka mea nui i kēia manawa. He mea nui i ka poʻe e mālama i ka laha, no laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki ke hana ʻia nei nā mālama hou aʻe. Nā wahi pale ʻia mai nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā sila ma nā wahi pale ʻole ʻia, akā ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, he mau kaukani pepeiao pepeiao wale nō i koe;
- Ka pale ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o nā waihona. Pākuʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka wai kai i loko o ke kai a me ka moana. Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā wahi lapaʻau ma nā ʻoihana e kokoke ana i nā kino wai;
- Pāpā i ka hopu holoholona, ma nā holoholona. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke emi nui nei ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole lawa nā meaʻai i nā sila, haumia ka wai, a nui ka lawaiʻa kanaka. Pono e pale ʻia kēia mau holoholona e nā kānaka ʻaʻole wale nō o nā laha, akā ʻo nā wahi noho holoholona. Aia nā uku nui no ka hopu ʻana i nā sila a hōʻino i nā holoholona.
Pepa pepeiao He hana mana maoli o ke kūlohelohe. Nā pilikua nunui, nā moʻo kai o lākou he kakaikahi wale nō. Pono e akahele ka lāhui kanaka i kēia ʻano, no ka mea, he kakaikahi nā wili pepeiao i koe. Pono mākou āpau e mālama pono i nā wahi noho holoholona. Mai hoʻohaumia i nā kai a me nā kino wai i mea e mālama ai i ke kūlohelohe no nā hanauna huhū.
Lā paʻi: 23.01.2019
Lā hou: 14.10.2019 ma 22:46
