Pepeiao himalaya keʻokeʻo - He holoholona laha ʻole kēia i loaʻa nā inoa he nui. Kāhea pinepine ʻia ia i ka umauma keʻokeʻo, ʻĀkia a i ʻole Tibet bear, Himalayan a lunar paha, a ʻo Ussuri kekahi. Noho ka holoholona i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous a kedera paha. Noho i nā lua nui a i nā pūnana lāʻau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
I ke kumu o ka heluna kanaka keʻokeʻo umauma he poʻe bear kahiko, kahi i iho ai nā bear o kēia au. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka bea keʻokeʻo i ka nui ma mua o nā bear brown, akā ʻokoʻa iā lākou i ke kumukānāwai kūpono loa.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā bear i 27 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola keu o ka bea lunar i ka lawe pio ʻana he 30 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o kahi mākua, me ka lōʻihi o ka waha, a me ka hāiki a me nā pepeiao nunui a puni, a ʻāpana. Lōʻihi ke kapa o ka holoholona, me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo mānoanoa ma ka umauma i ke ʻano o ka huapalapala "V". ʻOi aku ka nui o ka croup ākea o ka holoholona ma mua o ka mae ʻana.
ʻO nā māiʻuʻu nui i nā mākua ikaika, ʻōwili ikaika a kuhi. Nā wāwae, keu aku hoʻi o ka forefeet, ikaika loa, ikaika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wāwae hope. He 42 ka nui o nā niho o ka bea.
ʻAʻole lawa ka hōʻike ʻana o ka pilikino o kēia ʻano. ʻĀlohilohi ka hulu, ʻeleʻele, ma ka umauma aia kahi kiko hau-keʻokeʻo a melemele V paha, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka holoholona he keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kāne makua he 150-160 cm, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 200 cm.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, a 130-140 cm ka lōʻihi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo?
Pili ʻia ka nohona ʻāina o ka moon bear me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ululāʻau ulu hihiu a me subtropical deciduous. Noho nā holoholona i loko o nā lāʻau kedera puʻupaʻa a deciduous Manchu, ulu lāʻau ʻoka a me nā kumu kedera, i nā ulu lāʻau me nā hua Manchu a i ʻole nā ʻoka Mongolian.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau mānoanoa e nā ʻano ʻanoʻano nut, nā hua ʻokoʻa a me nā hua ʻē aʻe - ka papaʻai nui o ka bear bear. I ka mauna, noho nā holoholona i ke kau wela, i ka hoʻoilo e iho ai lākou i lalo, i loko o nā ulu ulu mahana.
ʻO kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka teritori o ka bea keʻokeʻo i hū ʻia i Asia Hikina. Loaʻa nā holoholona i nā ʻāina mehana ʻē aʻe: Kina, Afghanistan, Himalayas, Indochina, Kōlea, Iāpana. I ka Russian Federation, noho wale ka poʻe Himalayan ma ka moku Ussuri a ma ka moku ʻo Amur. Hiki ke loaʻa ka holoholona i ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi, ma kahi kiʻekiʻena ʻoi aku ma mua o 3000 km.
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka wahine wahine keʻokeʻo i ka Russian Federation e pili pū me ka wahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lau ākea, lāʻau ʻoka a me ka lāʻau kedera.
He aha ka ʻai o ka bea keʻokeʻo?
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o nā bea Himalayan e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka meaʻai wīwī:
- nā nati maʻamau, hazel;
- ʻoka ʻākala a me nā hua pinina;
- nā hua momona hua berry like ʻole;
- nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau.
Makemake nā bear i nā hua cherry manu a me nā hua raspberry. Me ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, noʻonoʻo nā holoholona i nā kahawai o nā kahawai a me nā punawai a ʻoluʻolu i nā hua momona me ka leʻaleʻa. Lawe pinepine nā bea i nā apiary, i kekahi mau manawa ua uhi ʻia kahi ʻie i ʻaihue ʻia e kahi bea i loko o ka wai e hoʻopau i nā pi.
Hoʻopau pinepine nā bear i ka meaʻai holoholona - nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ilo, nā lihi. ʻOiai i loko o kahi punawai pōloli, ma hope o ke ala ʻana mai ka hibernation, ʻaʻole e ʻai nā umauma keʻokeʻo, mai lawaiʻa, akā mai haʻalele i ka make. I kekahi manawa, hoʻāʻo paha nā bea e hoʻouka i nā lio hihiu a holoholona paha. Hiki i nā bea ke weliweli no nā kānaka kekahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka Himalayan bear kahi rana lāʻau nani, e alualu nei i kahi ala semi-arboreal o ke ola ʻana. Hoʻolilo ka holoholona mahina ma mua o 50% o kona ola ma luna o nā lāʻau. Ma laila ʻo ia e kālepa ai, ke kiʻi nei i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī, ke pakele ʻana mai ka poʻe kūʻē mai a me ka huhū huhū
ʻAʻohe kumu kūʻai no ka bear e piʻi i ka piko o kahi kumulāʻau nui, a i 30 m ke kiʻekiʻe i 3-4 kekona. Mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 6-7 mau mika, lele lele wale ka holoholona, me ke kanalua ʻole. Ke piʻi nei i nā kalaunu o nā kedera nui, noho ka holoholona ma nā lālā mānoanoa. ʻO ka haki ʻana i nā lālā a puni iā ia iho a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua ʻono mai iā lākou, loaʻa i ka holoholona ka ʻai. ʻAʻole hoʻolei ka holoholona maʻalea i nā lālā ʻūlū, akā hoʻomoe iā ia ma lalo ona e like me ka moena. ʻO ka hopena he pūnana ʻoluʻolu ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana no ka nap awakea ma kahi palekana.
Ke hui ʻana me kahi kanaka, neʻe mālie ka holoholona, he kākaʻikahi nā hanana o ka lawena ʻenemi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā bear ke hoʻouka pōpilikia i nā kānaka. Ma hope o nā kī a me nā ʻeha, holo pinepine ʻo ia, akā hiki ke hoʻoholo wikiwiki i kāna lawehala. ʻO nā bea, e pale ana i nā keiki, hana hoʻomake i nā hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka, akā hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻouka ke holo wale ke kanaka. He ikaika ikaika ko kēia ʻano a me ka neʻe maikaʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo e like me nā bea maʻamau i ka hibernation:
- ʻaʻole lākou e kipaku i ka mimi a i ʻole nā feces;
- i ka wā hibernation, hoʻemi ke ana o ka puʻuwai mai 40-70 a i 8-12 mau pā i kēlā me kēia minuke;
- hoʻemi ʻia nā hana metabolic e 50%;
- heleleʻi ka mahana o ke kino e 3-7 kekelē Celsius, no laila hiki i ka bea ke ala aʻe me ka paʻakikī ʻole.
I ka hopena o ke kau hoʻoilo, nalowale nā kāne a 15-30% o ko lākou kaumaha, a lilo nā wahine i 40%. Haʻalele nā bear i ka lua ma kahi o ka 2nd waena o ʻApelila.
He hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha ko ka bea keʻokeʻo, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole. A ākea ka laulā o ke ʻano - mai ka noho maluhia a i ka hoʻonāukiuki loa a me ka huhū.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kūkākūkā nā bea keʻokeʻo me kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi leo nui. Inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keiki mai ko lākou makuahine ponoʻī, uwē lākou i ka hoʻopiʻi. Hiki i nā leo haʻahaʻa guttural ke hōʻailona o ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole me ka toptygin, a me ka manawa like me ke kaomi ʻana o nā niho, kona inaina.
Hoʻolilo pinepine ka holoholona Himalayan i ka hibernation hoʻoilo i loko o nā lua o nā lāʻau nui. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi no ka hoʻoilo ka hollows nui i loko o nā kumu nui o nā popela a i ʻole nā aniani lindens. ʻO ke komo i kēlā ʻano lair ma ka liʻiliʻi 5 m mai ka lepo. Wahi a ke kaupaona o kahi bea makua, pono nā lāʻau kūpono ma ka liʻiliʻi 90 cm ma ʻō.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ke ʻole nā lāʻau nui a kua ʻia lākou i lalo, hiki i ka bea ke hoʻoilo i nā wahi hūnā kūpono.
- i nā lua ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau;
- i nā pūnana nui i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o nā kumu o nā lāʻau i hina;
- i nā ana pōhaku, nā māwae a i ʻole nā grottoes.
Kuhi ʻia ka bear Ussuri e nā neʻe kau o ka hoʻoilo o ka pūnaewele i nā ululāʻau deciduous a hoʻi i hope, ʻoiai ke hoʻololi ʻia e nā ala like. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā wai nui. ʻO ka pinepine, aia kahi lua hoʻoilo i loko o kahi pilikino, a ma kahi kokoke i ka lua, ʻimi kahi bea keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e huikau nā ala i ʻole e hāʻawi i kāna wahi.
Ma waho aʻe o ke kau moʻo, alakaʻi ka bear bear i kahi noho kaʻawale, mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa e hōʻiliʻili nei i kekahi mau kānaka i nā wahi me ka meaʻai nui. Ma waena o nā wahine umauma keʻokeʻo, hiki ke huli ʻia kekahi hierarchy kaiāulu, pili i nā makahiki a me nā paona o nā kāne. ʻIke maopopo ʻia kēia i ke kau moʻo. ʻO kēlā mau kāne kāne ʻōpio, nona ka kaumaha ma lalo o 80 kilokilo, ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa kūpono e launa pū me nā wahine.
Hana pinepine nā bear i ka pilina opua me kekahi i kekahi ke hōʻike lākou i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe a mea lawelawe paha e nā postures a me nā neʻe. E hoʻoholo i ke kūlana mea lawelawe, hoʻi i ka bear, noho i lalo a moe paha i lalo. I mea e hōʻoia ai i kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe, hele i mua ka bear a i ʻole holo i mua i ka hoa paio.
E launa pū me nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nā holoholona i ko lākou ʻano ʻala ʻona. Hana nā holoholona i kā lākou māka: mimi lākou i nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻōpala, hamo i nā kumu lāʻau. Hana nā holoholona i kēia i mea e mālama ai i ko lākou ʻala ponoʻī iā lākou. E aʻo koke ka mea kūʻē i ka mea nona ka ʻāina a hoʻi i ka hale. Hiki i nā wahi pilikino he 5-20 a i ʻole 35 mau mika kūlike. km Aia ia i ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka nui a me ka nui o ka forage, ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahi.
ʻO ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo kahi mea polygamous. Komo nā wahine i nā wā hānau ma nā manawa kaulele. No laila, hiki i ka copulate ke hana me nā kāne like ʻole ma waena o 10-30 mau lā. Kū aʻe nā pālua no kekahi manawa pōkole.
ʻO ka wā hānau hānau mai ka waena o Iune a waena o ʻAukake. Hiki i ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā holoholona ke oʻo i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki o 3 mau makahiki, akā noho mau nā wahine he nui me ka hānau ʻole. Hāpai ka hāpai i 7-8 mau mahina. Lawe pinepine ka wahine i 2 cubs i ka hopena o Kekemapa a i waena o Ianuali. Hōʻike ʻia nā pahu he 250-350 g, hana lākou no kahi manawa lōʻihi a ʻoiai i ka makahiki o 2 mau mahina ʻaʻohe pale. Hoʻopau nā pēpē i ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū ma 3.5 mau mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka bea keʻokeʻo
ʻO nā ʻīlio hihiu nui, nā tigika, nā bea ʻeleʻele nā ʻenemi o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mea weliweli loa ke Tiga, mai nā māiʻuʻu e paʻakikī ai e puka ola. Akā he laha loa ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā bea Himalayan e nā mea ʻino, ʻoiai he holoholona ikaika loa nā bea a hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pale kūpono i kēlā me kēia meʻa. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o ka Himalayan bear ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he hopena wale nō o ka hana a ke kanaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hana hou ʻana i nā bea pale keʻokeʻo, aia kahi emi mau o ka heluna kanaka. Hāʻawi nā wahine i nā keiki mua wale nō no 3-4 mau makahiki o ke ola. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 35% o nā wahine e komo i ka hānau hānau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēlā me kēia nui o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi wikiwiki o ka heluna kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ahi, nā lāʻau ʻoki lāʻau a me nā lawaiʻa lehulehu he nui e hōʻemi i ka heluna kanaka.
He mea waiwai nui ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo no ka ʻimi kū kānāwai ʻole e nā mea ʻaihue. Pana pinepine ʻia ia no ka bile pipiʻi a me ka ʻiʻo bear maikaʻi. Pepehi pinepine ʻia nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo no ko lākou ʻili nani a me ka hulu waiwai.
Ka pale ʻana o ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo
Ua helu ʻia ka holoholona lunar i loko o ka Red Book of Russia i ka makahiki 1983. Mai ka makahiki 1977, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā Himalayans. ʻO ka lehulehu lehulehu he 7-9 mau kānaka ma 100 sq. km, eia naʻe, ke hoʻoikaika nui nei ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka i ka bear e neʻe i nā wahi ʻoi loa. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoki pinepine ka poʻe ʻimi i nā lāʻau kūpono i nā holoholona, a hiki i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pahu hollow. I nā wahi he nui, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo ma muli o ka nele o nā wahi hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka helu o nā bea Ussuri i nā makahiki 1980 he 6,000 - 8,000, ma Primorye - 4,000 - 5,000. Ua hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o kāna helu i nā makahiki aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻēmi kēia mau holoholona i ka 4-4.6%. Hana kēia i nā wahi pale, ʻoiai ka neʻe ʻana i ka hāʻule mai nā ʻāina kokoke.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui e hāpai i nā lehulehu. ʻO ka mea hōʻino loa ke kī ʻana o nā wahine me nā keiki, ʻo ka nui o nā mahele i ka waiwai pio i ʻoi aku ma mua o 80%. Hoʻopio pū ʻia nā pēpē āpau me ka pūpū.
ʻO ka ululāʻau o nā ululāʻau ulu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lāʻau kedera a deciduous, ahi ahi a me nā hana a ke kanaka e hoʻonele i nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo o ko lākou wahi nui, e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i nā ʻāina me ka forage maikaʻi loa a me nā ʻano palekana. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lāʻau hollow e hoʻonele i nā holoholona o nā hale hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a ʻoi aku ka palekana. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā pūnana hilinaʻi e hoʻonui i ka make o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo mai nā ʻenemi predatory. Ma ka Primorskaya wahi, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka laikini mai ka manawa o 1975, a mai ka makahiki 1983, ua kapu loa ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka bea mahina. Ma Khabarovsk, mai ka makahiki 80, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi embargo piha i ka hopu ʻana i ka holoholona.
I ka hopena o 60, ka huina nui o ka Himalayan bear ma Lūkia he 5-7 tausani mau kānaka. I nā makahiki 80, ua helu ʻia ka nui o kēia holoholona i 4.5-5.5 tausani poʻo. Kahi Amur: 25-50 mau kānaka. Iudaio - ʻo ka helu o kēia ʻano mai 150 a 250 poʻo. Māhele ʻo Khabarovsk a i 3 mano mau kānaka. Ma ka moku Primorsky, ua helu ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka mai 2.5 a 2.8 tausani poʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka helu ma ka Lūkini Lūkini i koho ʻia ma 5000 - 6000 mau kānaka. Pepeiao himalaya keʻokeʻo pono i ka pale hana mai ka poʻe hoʻomake kino a me ka luku piha ʻana o ka lehulehu.
Lā paʻi: 21.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 16:12
