He makaʻāinana ke kahu palaoa no ke kahu hipa, e like me ka nui o nā manu ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana, he liʻiliʻi ka nui, i hiki ai iā ia ke hūnā maikaʻi a neʻe i ka mauʻu. He inoa ʻē aʻe kona - dergach, ua manaʻo ʻia he trophy kūleʻa i waena o nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona ma muli o kona ʻano hūnā.
Hōʻike o ka crake
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe he nui i ka like o ke ʻano o kahi manu makua o kahi crake me kahi moa o kahi moa home i ka wā ʻōpio.
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻO ke kino o ka palaoa he ʻano streamlines, pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao... ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka jerk i ʻulaʻula-hina, me nā kaha lōʻihi longitudinal ma luna a me ka malamalama ākea a me ka ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī o nā kāne he like ke kala me ke kala holoʻokoʻa, akā me ka nui o nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai i nā wahine he buffy lākou.
He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, akā lahilahi, e like me nā manamana wāwae, ʻoiai e ikaika ana nā mea ʻelua, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a paʻa. Hinahina kā lākou kala. I ka lele ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e kiʻi iā lākou, a kau lākou i lalo, ʻo ia kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka neʻe: hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā wāwae.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka nui e like me ka thrush a i ʻole ka quail. Aia ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka awelika 25-30 cm, ke kaupaona - 150-200 g, i kahi ʻēheu a 50 cm.
Pōkole ka nuku, maʻa mau ke ʻano, ikaika, pololei, kiko, he kala kona mai ka light-horny a i ka poni. Pōkole hoʻi ka huelo, he hiki ke kaʻawale ʻia mai kahi manu kū. ʻIke ʻulaʻula nā ʻeheu i ka lele ʻana.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Alakaʻi ia i kahi ʻano hūnā o ke ola: pūnana ia i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka nāhelehele (akā ʻaʻole nui) o nā kula haʻahaʻa me nā nāhelehele ulu ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino o ke kino - kahi ʻano streamline, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka nuku, e hele ana i ke poʻo, a i ke kino a ʻoi aku - hiki ke neʻe ke kīʻaha kope i nā ʻākeʻakeʻa i ka wikiwiki. ʻAʻole lākou i hilinaʻi iki i ka lele ʻana, a huli iā ia i nā hihia ʻoi loa, no ka lele ʻana i kahi mamao iki ma lalo o ka mauʻu inā pilikia nui a hūnā i loko o kā lākou punahele - holo, hohola i ko lākou poʻo i mua.
Manaʻo ʻia ka manu he ʻāina, akā inā makemake ʻia a pono paha, hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau a loaʻa ka meaʻai i ka wai pāpaʻu. Hiki ke noho ma nā lālā, akā makemake e hele wāwae i kona mau wāwae. ʻOi aku ka pō i ke kuʻi palaoa, ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka lā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāna hana. Aia nā hihia o ka hana kūikawā i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka. Hilahila, peʻe mai nā poʻe, nā holoholona a me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio kahu hipa e ko lākou mau leo, ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā leo kolo i hua ʻia mai kahi waihona, inā ʻoe e hoʻoikaika i kekahi mea ma kona mau niho, no laila i loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa kapakapa "squeaks". I kekahi poʻe, like lākou me ke kani o ka haehae lole. Akā ʻoiai e hīmeni ana, hiki iā lākou ke huli i ko lākou poʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he paʻakikī e ʻimi i kā lākou kumu. Ma muli o ka "crack-crack" i lohe ʻia mai iā lākou i loaʻa ai kā lākou inoa Lākina Crex crex.
Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kani ʻē aʻe: ke kaniʻuhū nei i ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i kahi "oh-oh-oh" hohonu ke kāhea aku ka makuahine i nā pīpī, me ke akahele, hoʻolōʻihi i ke kaniʻuhū i ka wā o ka hoʻoweliweli.
Hiki i ke kāne ke hīmeni i kāna serenades moena no 30 mau lā, i ka pō holoʻokoʻa, a i ka ua a me ke ao kūpilikiʻi - i ke ao. ʻO kahi kulu nui wale o ka mahana a i ʻole nā pā ikaika o ka makani hiki ke pale iā ia. I ka wā molting (Iulai-ʻAukake) a me ka hoʻoilo, hana lākou me ka mālie loa, hāmau hoʻi.
Hoihoi ia!I nā kūlana hoʻoilo, ka lua (prebreeding) hapa molt o ka poʻe kahiko i mālama ʻia ma Kekemapa-Malaki. Hoʻi ʻo Dergach i nā pūnaewele pūnana i ka hopena o ʻApelila - e hoʻomaka ana hoʻi o Mei, e like me ka hiki ʻole, keu hoʻi inā ʻaʻole i hiki ka mauʻu i 10 cm a ʻoi paha.
He manu neʻe ʻo Corncrake; makemake ʻo ia e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o ʻApelika no nā wahi hoʻoilo. I ke kauwela, lele lele pono ia, i ka pō a i ʻole i ke ahiahi, hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā hui liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana i ka waena o ʻAukake (mua) - ka hopena o ʻOkakopa (hope loa). Ma mua o ka lele, hana ia i kahi molt piha. ʻO ka hiki ke neʻe kūlohelohe, ʻo ia ka mea i mālama ʻia i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai inā e mālama pio ʻia nā mea ma mua.
Ehia mau palaoa e noho nei
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kō ʻana o ka palaoa i 5-7 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOkoʻa iki nā kāne mai nā wahine. I ka puna, nā umauma mua, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kaʻe ma luna o nā maka e loaʻa i kahi kala lehu, i ka hāʻule huli lākou i ʻeleʻele. I ka moekolohe ʻē, pelekikena a ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo paha kēia mau wahi, e like me nā ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne: ʻo ka mua i kahi awelika o 120 g, ʻo ka lua 150 g.
Nā ʻano palaoa
ʻO ka genus o ka ʻūlū palaoa nā ʻāpana ʻelua: corncrake a me ʻApelika kānana... Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka hope e kāna wahi noho mau - ka hema o ka Sahara, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o waho: ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōmole pouli ma luna. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻelua he monotypic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou lālā i lalo i lalo.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi ʻia ʻo Corncrake ma o Eurasia a i Transbaikalia, ka Hikina Hema, ma ka ʻĀkau - a hiki i ka ʻĀkau Hema, ma ka hema - a i nā kapuwai o Caucasus. Hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema hikina o ʻApelika, ma ka hema o ka equator.
ʻO kahi nohona punahele kahi mauʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka pulu, akā ʻaʻole i pohopoho a maloʻo ʻole, nā kula ākea me nā ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻohe hiki iki i ka wai. ʻAʻole pono ia i nā wahi nui no ka noho ʻana, no laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā māla i mahi ʻia no nā mahi mahiʻai: kaʻuala, palaʻai, mea kanu lau nahele, a me nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia a ulu nui ʻia o nā hale kau wela, nā māla mea kanu.
ʻAiʻai Crake
ʻAi ʻia nā mea kolo (nā nalo, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūhini), kā lākou mau ʻelala, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (nā ʻīlio, nā ilo), nā mea nui aʻe: nā moʻo, nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā e luku i nā pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe, nā mea liʻiliʻi, me ka luku ʻia o kā lākou mau moa. ʻO kekahi kumu o ka meaʻai kūpono i hana ʻia i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i hāʻule i ka honua. I kekahi manawa lawelawe nā wana ʻōpio i meaʻai na dergachi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā kāne ka mea mua i hōʻea i nā pūnaewele pūnana i Mei-Iune, a ukali ʻia e nā wahine. Hoʻomaka koke ka rut. Hana ke kāne kāne i nā kani ihu ihu i loko o lākou, i ke ahiahi a me ka pō, i nā hola wanaʻao. ʻEleu ka hana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Wahi a kēia mele, loaʻa kahi wahine iā ia, ma ke ala a ke kāne e hoʻomaka ai e hana i kahi hulina moena, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻulaʻula i nā ʻēheu a i ʻole e hōʻike i kahi makana i hiki ke ʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke koʻi a kahi ʻenue ilo.
I ka wā hānau, he teritori nā dergachs, akā noho lākou i "nā hui" o 2-5 mau ʻohana kokoke, ʻoiai he nui paha nā ʻāina i noho ʻole ʻia a puni... Uwa nā kāne i waena o lākou iho, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke pale i ko lākou palena a me ka ʻohana. Akā he kūlana kēia mau mahele, ʻoiai polygamous mau ka polycrake - a ʻaʻole wale nā kāne, akā ʻo nā wahine nō hoʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu ma hope o ka male ʻana, ʻimi lākou i kekahi hoa ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, mālama nā kāne dergachs i nā wahine ma ko lākou panalāʻau, a hele manuahi hoʻi nā lunamakaʻāinana i nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e manaʻo ʻia he hoʻoweliweli. Ma hope o ke kau moʻo, holoi ʻia kēia mau palena a holoholo ka ʻalalā kāne i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio a i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻonohonoho ka wahine i kahi pūnana pola i loko o kahi kaumaha ma luna pono o ka honua, pinepine ma lalo o kahi laʻalāʻau a i ʻole i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe hūnā ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia me ka limu, hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a me nā koʻokoʻo, nā lau. Hana i kahi paʻa o 6 a 12 mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kiko hua ʻulaʻula o nā hua, i hoʻouluulu iā ia iho ma kahi o ʻekolu mau pule. Hiki i ke kāne i kēia manawa ke noho kokoke, akā no kekahi manawa pōkole, a laila e ʻimi i kahi "wahine" hou.
Hānau ʻia nā chicks i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i lalo, nuku a me nā wāwae o ka malu like. I hoʻokahi lā ma hope mai, haʻalele ka makuahine me nā keiki i ka pūnana, akā hoʻomau e hānai iā lākou no 3-5 mau lā, ʻoiai ke aʻo ʻana iā lākou pehea e loaʻa kūʻokoʻa ai ka meaʻai. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia ʻepekema, hānai nā keiki moa iā lākou iho, e noho kokoke ana i ka makuahine no hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻomau nei i ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki, ke aʻo ʻana i nā mākau ola. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, hiki i ka undergrowth ke hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomau i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
Hoihoi ia!ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpio mai ka poʻe mākua wale nō i ke kala o ko lākou mau maka: i ka mua ua hina lākou me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ma ka hope he ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha. Hiki i kahi manu ʻōpio ke lilo ma ka ʻēheu i ka makahiki o 1 mau mahina. Ma mua o ka lele ʻana i nā wahi mehana, he molt piha ʻole kona.
I ka hānai ʻana i hoʻokahi hua, hiki i ka ʻāpala palaoa ke pā hou i ka lua. Hāʻawi nā kāne i kēia, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kanikau a hiki i ke kau waena o Iulai, e mele ana i kā lākou "serenades". ʻO ka hele ʻana i ka lua o ka pua hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi i ka make o nā keiki mua a i ʻole ka paʻa mua mai nā hana a ke kanaka a i ʻole nā ʻenemi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hiki i nā ʻenemi o ke kōkō ma ke kūlohelohe ke lilo i predator terrestrial: he alopeke, kahi ʻīlio hae, a me marten, a pēlā aku, a i ʻole kahi manu manu lele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka paʻakikī no lākou ke ala huna o ke ola o dergachi, ko lākou dexterity ke neʻe nei i ka mauʻu mānoanoa, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻi hope koke mai ka mea alualu.
ʻO nā manu e noho kokoke ana i nā hale o ke kanaka a me kā lākou paʻa, a me kā lākou keiki, e makaʻu paha lākou mai nā holoholona lōlō a hele hewa paha e hele wāwae ana i kahi e ʻimi nei i nā pio: nā pōpoki, ʻīlio
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ʻaʻole pelapela ka laha, ʻokoʻa i nā wahi o ʻEulopa komohana, kahi i kākaʻikahi loa ka palaoa. ʻO kā lākou helu helu ma waena o kēia ʻāina i koho ʻia ma kahi o 100 tausani mau kānaka. I nā ʻāina he nui, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia lunamakaʻāinana o nā manu i loko o ka puke Red a pāpā ʻia mai ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili paʻa e pili ana i ka helu a me ka nui o nā heluna o ka palaoa i kēia a i kēlā ʻāpana, ʻoiai ke neʻe mau nei ka manu ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau a me nā kumu o ka hoʻokele kanaka. I kahi mana o ka mana, noho ka ʻūlū palaoa mai 5 a 8 mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia sq.
Mea nui!ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ka heluna kanaka e kau ʻia e ka ʻohi mua ʻana i nā mea kanu lau nahele a me nā mea kanu palaoa i kahi ala mīkini, ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā poʻe e pūnana i kēia manawa e pakele mai ka makaʻu. I ka manawa like, make ka paʻa i ka aneane 100% o nā hihia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke hatch i nā keiki i kahi manawa pōkole ma lalo o kēia mau ʻano. ʻO ka palau ʻana o nā māla i mea ʻinoʻino i nā pūnana.
Hoʻoweliweli nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu e ulu ana no ka poʻe dredger, a me nā haunaele i ke kaulike o ke kaiaolaola i loko o kā lākou wahi noho: hoʻomaloʻo a i ʻole ka wai ʻana o nā kula, ʻoki ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, haumia lepo. Hoʻoulu lākou i ka manaʻolana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana me ka hoʻokūpaʻa ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, ka hiki ʻana o ke kōkō e noho koke i nā wahi kūpono, hiki wale nō i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻololi i nā hana hoʻokipa a me ka noʻonoʻo pono o ka hoʻokele.
