ʻO ka manatee kahi māmele kai nui me kahi poʻo hua manu, kūpale, a me kahi huelo pālahalaha. ʻIʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka bipi kai. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i ka holoholona no ka nui, lohi a me ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka inoa, pili pili loa nā bipi kai i nā ʻelepani. He mammal nui a lahilahi ia i loaʻa i loko o nā wai kai a me nā kahawai o ka hema hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka Caribbean, hikina Mekiko, ʻAmelika Waena, a me ʻAmelika Hema ʻĀkau.
Ka wehewehe o ka manatee
Wahi a kekahi kanaka kūlohelohe Polani, ua noho mua nā bipi kai ma kahi o Bering Island ma ka hopena o 1830.... Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Manatees e nā ʻepekema o ka honua i ulu mai nā ʻāina ʻehā me nā holoholona ʻehā a ʻoi paha ma mua o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā manatees Amazonian, he manamana wāwae ko lākou mau wili scaly, ʻo ia nā koena o nā māiʻuʻu i loaʻa iā lākou i ko lākou ola honua. ʻO ko lākou ʻohana ola loa ka ʻelepani.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka manatee, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka bipi kai, he holoholona kai nui ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mika ka lōʻihi a hiki ke kaupaona ma mua o kahi tonona. He mau māmela wai hou lākou e noho ana i nā wai kokoke i Florida (ua ʻike ʻia kekahi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a hiki i North Carolina i nā mahina mahana).
Aia lākou i ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻane make ma muli o ko lākou lohi a me ka nui o ka hiki ʻole i ke kanaka. ʻAi pinepine ʻo Manatee i nā ʻupena i kau ʻia ma lalo, ʻo ia ke kumu e make ai lākou, a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ma lalo o nā lau o nā motika waʻa. Hele ka mea manatees ma lalo, e hānai ana i nā limu lalo. I kēia manawa, hui maikaʻi lākou me ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ai lākou, a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi ka lohe ʻana i nā alapine haʻahaʻa, a paʻakikī ia e pale aku iā lākou iho mai kahi moku kokoke.
Helehelena
ʻO ka nui o nā manatees mai 2.4 a 4 mau mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino mai 200 a 600 kilokilo. He huelo nui a ikaika ko lākou i komo i ka hana ʻauʻau. ʻAʻau pinepine ʻo Manatees i ka wikiwiki o ma kahi o 8 km / h, akā inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeleu i ka 24 km / h. Liʻiliʻi ka maka o ka holoholona, akā maikaʻi ka maka. He membrane kūikawā lākou e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he pale kūikawā no ka haumāna a me ka iris. Maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana o lākou, ʻoiai ka nele o kahi ʻano pepeiao o waho.
Kāhea ʻia nā niho hoʻokahi o Manatees he molara hele. Ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa, hoʻololi mau ʻia lākou - hōʻano hou ʻia. Ulu nā niho hou ma hope, e hoʻokuke nei i nā mea kahiko i mua o ka niho niho. No laila ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi papaʻai i loko o nā mea kanu abrasive. ʻO Manatees, ʻokoʻa i nā māmela ʻē aʻe, ʻeono vertebrae cervical. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ko lākou poʻo mai ke kino, akā wehe i ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO Algae, nā meaola photosynthetic, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻili o manatees. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke noho ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o 12 mau minuke, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole pono ka Manatees e hanu i ka ea mau. Ke ʻauʻau lākou, pili lākou i ka piko o ko lākou ihu ma luna o ka ʻilikai o ka wai no nā hanu ʻelua i kēlā me kēia minuke. I ka hoʻomaha, hiki i nā manatees ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a 15 mau minuke.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻAʻauʻau wale ʻo Manatees a i ʻole pālua paha. ʻAʻole lākou nā holoholona ʻāina, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e pono i ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ka poʻe ukali. Inā ʻākoakoa nā bipi kai - ma ka hui paha, ua hiki mai ka manawa o ka moʻo ʻana, a i ʻole lawe ʻia lākou e kahi hihia ma kahi wahi i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā me ka nui o ka meaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kahi hui manatees kahi hōʻuluʻulu. ʻO ka Aggregation, ma ke ʻano he kumu, ʻaʻole ulu ma mua o ʻeono mau helehelena.
Hoihoi ia!Hele lākou i nā wai mehana i nā loli o ke kau o ka wā no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o 17 kekelē Celsius a makemake i nā mahana ma mua o 22 kekelē.
Loaʻa ka manatees i ka metabolism lohi, no laila hiki i ka wai anuanu ke omo i ko lākou wela nui, e lilo ana i mea paʻakikī no nā mea mammal ʻē aʻe e mahana. Hoʻohui pinepine lākou i nā punawai kūlohelohe, kokoke i nā mea kanu mana, nā ʻauwai, a me nā loko i ke anuanu, a hoʻi i nā wahi like i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā manatees?
I loko o ʻelima mau makahiki, e oʻo makua ka manatee ʻōpio a mākaukau hoʻi e loaʻa kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. Noho mau nā bipi kai ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki.... Akā aia kekahi mau livers lōʻihi i hoʻokau ʻia e noho i kēia ao a i kanaono mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Heʻuʻuku nā mea like ʻole o ka manatee wahine a me nā kāne. Kūlike wale lākou i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne.
Nā ʻano manatees
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā bipi kai manatee. ʻO kēia nā manatee Amazonian, ʻAmelika Komohana a ʻAmelika paha a me ʻAmelika. Kuhi ko lākou inoa i nā wahi a lākou e noho ai. ʻO nā inoa kumu e like me Trichechus inunguis, Trichechus manatus, Trichechus senegalensis.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka maʻamau, noho nā manatee i ke kai, nā kahawai a me nā moana ma kahakai o kekahi mau ʻāina. Noho ka manatee ʻApelika ma kahakai a ma nā kahawai o ʻApelika Komohana. Noho ka Amazonian ma ke kahawai o ka muliwai Amazon.
ʻO kā lākou mahele ma kahi o 7 miliona mau kilomika kilomika, e like me ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN.) Wahi a ka IUCN, noho ka manatee West India ma ka hema a me ka hikina o nā United States, ʻoiai, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua hōʻea kekahi mau mea nalowale i Bahamas.
ʻAi Manatee
ʻO nā Manatees wale nō nā mea kanu lāʻau. Ma ke kai, makemake lākou i nā mauʻu kai. Ke noho lākou i nā kahawai, leʻaleʻa lākou i nā mea kanu wai hou. ʻAi lākou i ka limu. Wahi a National Geographic, hiki i kahi holoholona makua ke ʻai i ka hapaʻumi o kona kaumaha ponoʻī i 24 mau hola. Ma ka awelika, hiki kēia i kahi o 60 kilokilo o nā meaʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, he manatee wahine, i kapa pinepine ʻia he bipi e nā "poʻe", a e ukali ʻia e ke kakini a ʻoi paha kāne, i kapa ʻia he bipi. Kāhea ʻia kahi hui o nā bipi he pūʻulu hānau. Eia nō naʻe, ke momona ke kāne i ka wahine, pau ʻo ia i ka hana i ka mea e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hāpai wahine ʻana o ka wahine manatee ma kahi o 12 mau mahina. Hānau ʻia kahi cub, a pēpē paha, ma lalo o ka wai, a kākaʻikahi loa nā māhoe. Kōkua ka makuahine i ka "keiki bipi" hānau hou i luna o ka wai i mea e hanu ai ka ea. A laila, i ka hola mua o ke ola, hiki i ka pēpē ke ʻauʻau ma kāna iho.
ʻAʻole nā Manatees i holoholona holoholona aloha; ʻaʻole lākou i hana i nā paʻa paʻa paʻa e like me kekahi ʻano o nā holoholona. I ka wā hānau, e ukali ʻia kekahi wahine e kahi pūʻulu kakini a ʻoi paha kāne, e hana ana i kahi pua hānau. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hana kope hewa ʻole i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui ka makahiki o kekahi mau kāne i loko o ka pā i ka holomua o ka holomua. ʻOiai hiki ke hana hou a hānau keiki i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻike ka ʻepekema i ka hana nui loa o ka hana hana i ka puna a me ke kauwela.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka pinepine pinepine i nā manatees he haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā makahiki o ka moekolohe wahine no nā wahine a me nā kāne ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki. Ma ka awelika, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi "bipi keiki" i kēlā me kēia ʻelua a ʻelima mau makahiki, a kākaʻikahi nā māhoe. ʻO nā wā ma waena o nā hānau hānau mai ʻelua a ʻelima mau makahiki. Hiki ke hala i ʻelua mau makahiki ke lilo ka makuahine i hoʻokahi keiki ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻAʻohe o nā kāne ke kuleana no ka hānai ʻana i kahi pēpē. Hānai nā makuahine i kā lākou pēpē no hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki, no laila pili paʻa loa lākou i ko lākou makuahine i kēia manawa. Hānai nā keiki hānau hou ma lalo o ka wai mai nā nipples i waiho ʻia ma hope o nā peʻa o ka wahine. Hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i nā mea kanu i mau pule wale nō ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki i nā keiki bipi manatee hānau hou keʻauʻau ma luna o kā lākou iho a hiki i ka leo a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Pili pono ka hoʻopili kanaka i ka make ʻana o nā manatees, me nā mea ʻaihue a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ka neʻe lohi a ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o ka wai kai, hiki i nā moku o nā moku a me nā propellers ke hahau iā lākou, e hōʻemi ana i nā degere o ka ʻeha a me ka make. ʻO nā laina, nā ʻupena a me nā lou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā limu a me nā mauʻu a weliweli hoʻi.
Weliweli nā predators no nā manatees ʻōpio nā crocodiles, shark a me nā alligators. ʻO nā kūlohelohe i alakaʻi ʻia i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona e like me ke anuanu, stress, pneumonia, ʻulaʻula, a me nā maʻi gastrointestinal. ʻO Manatees kahi ʻano laha e ʻaneʻane make ʻia: pāpā ʻia ʻia e ʻimi holoholona ʻole iā lākou, ʻo nā "inclinations" i kēia ʻaoʻao e hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o ka IUCN o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli e papa inoa i nā manatees āpau e like me ka palupalu a i ʻole ka makaʻu nui ʻana i ka luku. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻēmi ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona e 30% hou i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana. He paʻakikī loa ka ʻikepili e hoʻokolokolo, no ka mea, ʻo nā helu o nā manatees Amazonian hūnā kūlohelohe.
Hoihoi ia!Pono e nānā ʻia ka manatee 10,000 me ka akahele e like me ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka helu o nā ʻikepili empirical i kākoʻo ʻia. No nā kumu like, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o nā manatees ʻApelika. Akā nā kuhi IUCN aia ma lalo o 10,000 o lākou ma West Africa.
Ua helu ʻia nā manatees Florida, a me nā ʻelele Antilles, i loko o ka Red Book i 1967 a me 1970. No laila, ʻo ka helu o nā mākua makua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2500 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Ma nā hanauna ʻelua e hiki mai ana, ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki, ua emi ka heluna kānaka e 20%. Ma Malaki 31, 2017, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia nā manatee ʻĀkau Komohana mai nā mea ʻaneʻane a me nā mea ʻaneʻane wale nō. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka weliweli o ka make e nā mea ʻelua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā manatees a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hana hou ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Wahi a ka FWS, 6,620 Florida a me 6,300 Antilles manatees e noho nei i ka nāhelehele. ʻIke piha ka honua i kēia lā i ka holomua i hana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna lehulehu o nā bipi kai ma ka nui. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i ola hou loa mai nā pilikia o ke ola a ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano palaho. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu no kēia ka lohi loa o ka hana hou ʻana o manatees - pinepine ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hanauna ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻana ma o Amazon a me ʻApelika Komohana ke kū nei i kahi hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i kēia mau māmele lohi. Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana. ʻO ka lilo o ka nohona ma muli o ka hoʻomohala kahakai i kahi kuleana maikaʻi ʻole.
