ʻO Penguins, a i ʻole penguins (Spheniscidae) kahi ʻohana he nui i kēia lā, i pani ʻia e nā manu kai lele ʻole, nā holoholona o kēia au wale nō mai ke kauoha Penguin-like (Sphenisciformes). ʻIke kēlā ʻano ʻohana o ka ʻohana i ka ʻauʻau a luʻu maikaʻi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki iki iā lākou ke lele.
Hōʻike o nā penguins
Loaʻa i nā penguins a pau kahi kino o ke kahawai, kūpono no ka neʻe manuahi ʻana i ka wai kai... Mahalo i nā mākala i hoʻomohala ʻia a me ke ʻano o nā iwi, hiki i nā holoholona ke hana me kā lākou mau ʻēheu ma lalo o ka wai, e like me nā ʻāpana maoli. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa nui loa mai nā manu lele ʻole ke kū o kahi sternum me kahi keel a me nā mākala ikaika i haʻi ʻia. ʻO nā iwi o ka poʻohiwi a me ka forearm he pili pololei a paʻa hoʻi i ka kuʻe lima, kahi e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hana o nā ʻeheu. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka musculature ma ka umauma, e helu ana a 25-30% o ka nui o ke kino.
Hoʻololi nā Penguins i ka nui a me ke kaumaha e like me nā laha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka penguin emperor makua ʻo 118-130 cm a kaupaona ʻia 35-40 kg. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā penguins e nā femurs pōkole loa, kahi hui kuli neʻe ʻole a me nā wāwae i ʻike maka ʻia i hope, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o ka hele wāwae maʻamau o ia holoholona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻIke like nā iwi o nā penguin i ka iwi iwi o nā māmela e like me nā dolphins a me nā sila, no laila, nele loa lākou i nā ʻāhae o loko o nā manu lele.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka manu kai kai e ke kū ʻana o nā kapuaʻi pōkole me kahi membrane ʻauʻau kūikawā. Hoʻohui ʻia ka huelo o nā penguins āpau, no ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia ka hana hoʻokele nui i nā wāwae. Eia kekahi, he ʻokoʻa i haʻi ʻia mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā manu ka iwi iwi o nā penguins.
Helehelena
Hoʻopili iki ʻia ke kino hānai maikaʻi o ka penguin mai nā ʻaoʻao, a aia ke poʻo nui ʻole o ka holoholona ma luna o kahi maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻāʻī pōkole. He nuku ikaika loa ko ka manu kai. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻeheu i nā kinikini ʻano ʻelima. Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka holoholona me nā hulu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻano ʻokoʻa, like me ka lauoho. ʻAneʻane he ʻāhinahina-polū nā ʻano mākua āpau, e hoʻolilo ana i nā plumage ʻeleʻele i ka hope a me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻokahe ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o ka plumage, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai i ka hiki ke ʻau.
I ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia nā penguins i nā kūlohelohe, akā i kapa ʻia nā kūlana loa o ke aniau, e wehewehe nei i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o nā manu kai. Hōʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa hoʻomehana e kahi papa momona o ka momona, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ia 20-30 mm... Ma luna o ka momona ka papa o nā wai a me ka pōkole, plumage paʻa pono. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻomohala ʻia ka mālama ʻana o ka wela e ka "loiloi kahe o ke kahe," e hoʻoili i ka wela mai nā aʻa i ke koko anuanu anu, kahi e hoʻēmi ai i ka lilo o ka wela.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kai o lalo o ka wai, ʻaʻole kani iki nā penguin, akā ma ka ʻāina e kamaʻilio like nā manu kai me ke kōkua o nā uē e like me nā leo o ka ʻāʻī a me ka pū.
Maikaʻi loa nā maka o ka penguin no ka luʻu ʻana, me kahi koloi pālahalaha loa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pupillary, akā ma ka ʻāina e ʻeha ka manu kai i kekahi myopia. Mahalo i ke kālailai ʻana o ka waihona pigment, ua hiki ke hoʻoholo i hiki i nā penguins ke ʻike i ka polū pae ākea ma mua o nā mea āpau, a hiki paha ke ʻike pono i nā kukuna ultraviolet. ʻAʻohe o waho o ka pepeiao i kahi hanana waho o waho, akā i ke kaʻina o ka luʻu, uhi paʻa ʻia lākou me nā hulu kūikawā e pale i ke komo ʻana o ka wai i loko a pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kaomi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi loa nā Penguins, hiki ke iho i kahi hohonu o 120-130 mau mika, a maʻalahi hoʻi e uhi ana i kahi mamao o 20 km a ʻoi aku paha, ʻoiai e hoʻonui ana i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 9-10 km / h. Ma waho o ka wā hānau, neʻe aku nā manu kai kokoke i 1,000 mau mile mai ke kahakai, e neʻe ana i loko o ka wai kai.
Hoihoi ia! Noho nā Penguins i nā kolone a ma ka ʻāina e hui pū i nā ʻohana hipa kūikawā, e like me nā ʻumi a me nā haneli he mau tausani mau kānaka.
E neʻe i ka ʻāina, moe nā penguin ma ko lākou ʻōpū a pahu aku me kā lākou mau wāwae. No laila, lele maʻalahi ka holoholona i ka ʻili o ka hau a i ʻole ka hau, e hoʻomohala nei i ka wikiwiki 6-7 km / h.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā penguins
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā penguins ma ke ʻano hiki ke loli mai ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki a i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia.... Kumuhana i nā lula āpau o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka mālama piha ʻana i ka pio ʻana, e hoʻonui ʻia paha kēia mea hōʻike i kanakolu mau makahiki. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā manawa o ke ola o nā penguins, me ka nānā ʻole i nā laha, i ka makahiki mua o ke ola he haʻahaʻa.
ʻAno Penguin
Loaʻa i ka ʻohana Penguin he ʻeono moʻomeheu a me ʻumikūmāwalu mau ʻano:
- Nā penguins nui (Arténodytes) - nā manu me nā ʻōmole ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī melemele-ʻalani. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, mai kūkulu i nā pūnana a hoʻokomo i nā hua i loko o kahi ʻili ʻili kūikawā i ka wahi o ka ʻōpū. Nā ʻano: Emperor penguin (Artёdytes fоrstеri) a me King penguin (Artеnоdytes ratagonicus);
- Nā penguins lauoho lauoho (ʻOihana) He kai kai a i 50-70 knm ka nui, me kahi ʻano tuft loa ma ka wahi poʻo. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e ʻeono mau mea ola e ola nei: ka penguin hānai (E. chrysosome), ka penguin kūpuna ʻākau (E. mosselyi), ka penguin mānoanoa (E. rashyrhynchhus), ka penguin crest Snair (E. robustus), E. ʻO Penguin Pahu Nui (E. schlateri) a me Macaroni Penguin (E. chrysolorhus);
- Nā penguins liʻiliʻi (.Udyрtula) He genus e hoʻopili ana i ʻelua mau ʻano: Small, a polū penguin (Еudyрtula minоr) a me nā penguins ʻēheu keʻokeʻo (Еudyрtula аlbosignata). ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus he awelika ka nui, ʻokoʻa i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ke kaha o 30-42 cm me ke kaulike awelika o ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika;
- Maka-melemele, a i ʻole penguin naniʻike pū ʻia me Antipodes penguin (Меgаdyрtes аntiроdеs) He manu ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻano make ʻole i pili i ka genady Megadyrtes. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o kahi kanaka makua 70-75 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 6-7 kg. Ke hele mai nei ka inoa mai ke alo o kahi kaha melemele e pili ana i nā maka;
- Nā Penguins Chinstrap (ʻO Pygoscelis) He genus e kū nei i kēia manawa e nā lā ʻekolu wale nō: ka Adélie penguin (Rygosselis adéliae), a me ka Chinstrap penguin (Rygosselis antarctisa) a me ka Gentoo penguin (Rygosselis papua);
- Nā Penguins i ʻike ʻia (ʻO Sрhenisсus) He genus e hoʻopili wale i ʻehā mau ʻano i like ka like o waho me ke kala a me ka nui: Spectacled penguins (Sрhenisсus dеmersus), Galapagos penguins (Sрhenisсus mendisulus), Humboldt penguins (Sрhenisсsus Magbellus m.
ʻO nā lunamakaainana nui loa o nā Penguins ka penguins emperor, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ka Little Penguins, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 30-45 cm me ka awelika o ke kaupaona o 1.0-2.5 kg.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ʻia nā kūpuna o nā penguins e nā wahi me ke ʻano o ke aniau, akā i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole ʻo Antarctica kahi ʻāpana o ka hau. Me ka loli i ko mākou honua, ua loli nā wahi noho o nā holoholona he nui. ʻO ka ʻauheʻe o nā ʻāina a me ka neʻe ʻana o Antarctica i ka Pole Hema i hoʻokumu i ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona, akā na nā penguins i hiki ke kūpono i ke anuanu.
Ua lilo ka wahi noho o nā penguins i ke kai ākea ma ka Hemisphere Hema, nā wai kahakai o Antarctica a me New Zealand, ka hema o Australia a me ʻApelika Hema, ke kahakai holoʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Galapagos kokoke i ka equator.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia lā, aia ka wahi mehana o nā penguins hou i ka laina equatorial o nā Mokupuni Galapagos.
Makemake ka manu kai i ke anuanu, no laila, i nā latitude tropical, ʻike wale ʻia nā holoholona me kahi au anuanu. Noho kahi ʻāpana nui o nā lā a pau i ka laulā mai 45 ° a i 60 ° S latitude, a ʻo ka nui o nā kānaka ma Antarctica a me nā mokupuni e pili ana iā ia.
ʻAi Penguin
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka papaʻai nui o nā penguins e nā iʻa, nā crustacea a me nā plankton, a me nā cephalopod waena.... Nanea nā Seabirds i ke krill a me nā heleuma, sardine, iʻa iʻa Antarctic, nā heʻe liʻiliʻi a me ka heʻe. I ka wā o kahi hulualu, hiki i kahi penguin ke hana ma kahi o ka luʻu 190-900, ka nui o ia mau mea e pili ana i nā ʻano laha, a me nā kūlana o ka nohona a me nā koina no ka nui o nā meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Inu nui nā lunamaka o nā penguins i ka wai paʻakai o ka moana, a kuhi ʻia nā paʻakai ʻoi aku mai ke kino o ka holoholona ma o nā gland kūikawā i loaʻa ma ka maka o ka maka.
Hana ka mea hana waha a ka penguin e like me ke kumu o ka pauma maʻamau, no laila, ma o ka nuku, hānai ʻia ka manu liʻiliʻi e ka manu me kahi wai lawa. E like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ka awelika o ka mamao e hele ai kahi manu kai i kahi o kāna hānai ʻana ma kahi o 26-27 mau kilomita. Hiki i nā Penguins ke lilo ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapalua lā i kahi hohonu ma mua o ʻekolu mau mika.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Pūnana ʻo Penguins, ma ke ʻano he rula, i nā kolone nui, a hana ʻelua nā mākua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua a me nā keiki hānai. Pili pono ka makahiki hānau i nā ʻano laha a me ka moekolohe o ka holoholona. ʻO kahi laʻana, he wahine liʻiliʻi, nani, hoki a me nā penguins sub-Antarctic no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki he ʻelua, ʻoiai he mau makahiki wale nō nā male penguins macaroni i ka makahiki ʻelima.
No Galapagos, nā penguins liʻiliʻi a me ka hoki, incubation o nā moa he mea maʻamau ia i loko o ka makahiki, a hiki i nā penguins liʻiliʻi i kekahi mau hihia ke hana i nā paʻa ʻelua i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā lāhui e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻĀpana-Antarctic a me Antarctic i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kau a me ke kauwela, a hoʻopaʻa wale nā penguins emepera i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela. Hoʻololi maikaʻi loa ʻia nā keikikāne i nā aupuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a makemake i ka hoʻoilo i nā kolone aia ma ka ʻākau. I ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hānai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki, no laila hiki i nā moa ke lilo i ka kaumaha.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā kāne e pili ana i nā ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia e kahi nohona noho i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā incubation i ke kolone ma mua o nā wahine, e ʻae iā lākou e noho i kekahi panalāʻau e hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kahi pūnana.
Hoʻoikaika ke kāne i ka manaʻo o ka wahine e ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā leo pū, akā pinepine nā manu kai i kū i ka wā i hala i lilo i hoa.... Aia kekahi pilina pili loa e ulu ana ma waena o ka hana no ke koho ʻana i kahi hoa a me ka paʻakikī i ka hana kaiaulu me ka nui o ke kolone. Ma ke ʻano he rula, i nā kolone nui hiki ke hele pū me ka hoʻomana moena ke ʻano hoihoi a me ka hoihoi o ka maka, ʻoiai ʻo nā penguins e noho ana i nā mea ulu nunui e makemake e hana me ke akahele a me ka inconspicuous.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He holoholona nā Penguins i ka pūnana ma kahi kahi kaʻawale, no laila, nā mākua ma ka ʻāina, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, lawe pinepine ʻia nā mammal predatory e nā kānaka, e like me nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, hiki ke hoʻokau i kahi makaʻu kūpilikiʻi loa i ke kai manu makua.
No ke pale ponoʻī ʻana, hoʻohana nā penguins i nā peʻapeʻa elima a me ka nuku ʻoiʻoi, nā mea kaua kūpono loa... ʻO nā ʻikena i waiho kiaʻi ʻole ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua ua lilo lākou i waiwai pio no nā ʻaukā (Procellariidae). Hoʻohana pū kekahi ʻano gull i kēlā me kēia manawa kūpono e pāʻina ma nā hua penguin.
Nā Leopadi sila (Hydrurga lertonykh), nā hulu manu Antarctic (Arctocerhalus), nā liona kai Australia (Neorhosa cinerea) a me nā liona kai o New Zealand (Phocarctos hookerii.) ʻO nā ʻano sila a pau i helu ʻia ma luna e makemake e patrol i nā wai pāpaʻu ma kahi o nā kolone he nui, kahi hiki ʻole i nā penguin ke hoʻohana i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe e like me ka maneuverability kiʻekiʻe. Wahi a nā koho ʻepekema he nui, ma kahi o ʻelima pākēneka o ka huina nui o nā penguins Adélie e make i kēlā mau wahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mea nui loa, aia i ke alo o nā mea neʻe wai i ke kumu nui o ka makaʻu kūlohelohe ʻole o nā manu kai e pili ana i ka wai kai, kahi e hoʻopili maʻalahi ai nā penguins āpau.
Ma mua o ke komo ʻana a i ʻole ke luʻu ʻana i loko o ka wai, makemake nā penguins e hoʻokokoke i ke kahakai i nā hui liʻiliʻi. I ke kaʻina hana o ia neʻe ʻana, kānalua nā holoholona a hōʻike i ka kānalua, no laila pinepine kēia hana maʻalahi i ka hapalua hola. Ma hope wale nō o ka ʻaʻa ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau kai kai e lele i loko o ka wai, ua luʻu nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe āpau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he ʻekolu mau ʻano penguins ma ke ʻano he hopohopo weliweli loa: nā penguin crEST (Еudyрtes sсlаteri), nā penguins hanohano (Меgаdyрtes аntirodes) a me nā penguins Galapagos (Sрhenisсulus me. I kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia ka luku ʻia o nā kolone holoʻokoʻa o nā manu kai e ke kanaka. Ua ʻohiʻohi nui nā kānaka i nā hua no nā mea ʻai, a ua kinai ʻia nā mākua e loaʻa ka momona subcutaneous.
Mea nui! I kēia lā, kū ke kai manu kai i nā mea weliweli ʻē aʻe, e like me ka nalo ʻana o ko lākou wahi noho. No kēia kumu ke hoʻoweliweli nei i ka pau ʻana o ka helu o nā penguin nani loa i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka nui o nā poʻe o nā penguin Galapagos e make i ka niho o nā ʻīlio hānai, a he nui nā ʻano i hoʻemi ʻia i nā helu ma muli o nā loli i nā kūlana o ke anilā a me ka emi nui o ka lako o ka meaʻai. Kūpono ka koho hope loa no nā penguins Rocky (рudyрtes сhrysоshome), nā penguins magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus) a me nā penguins Humboldt (Spheniscus humbоldti), kahi e ʻimi ai i nā sardine a me nā kūpuna, e hoʻopili ana i ka makemake o nā lawaiʻa kālepa. ʻO nā hoki a me nā penguins Magellanic ke ʻike nui nei i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻohaumia wai nui i ko lākou wahi noho me nā huahana aila.
